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Fifteen metabolites, including two flavonols (1-2), three lignans (3-5), and ten diterpenoids (6-15), were isolated from the leaves of Pinus yunnanensis. Among them, flavanonol (1) were identified as undescribed flavonol derivative with natural rarely B-ring fission lactone. Massive spectroscopic methods, the DP4+ probabilities and CD/ECD calculations were applied to establish the structure of component 1. Among these compounds, taxifolin (2) showed potent cytotoxicity, having IC50 values from 21.33 to 45.48 µg/mL, it also showed broad antibacterial activity against human pathogens with MIC values from 32 to 64 µg/mL.

Evolvulins I and II (1 and 2), representing a new class of resin glycosides with an unprecedented trihydroxy aglycone unit, 3S,11R,14R-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid (4), were isolated from the whole plants of Evolvulus alsinoides. Their structures were thoroughly characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses as well as chemical evidence. Compound 1 exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM.

Six new glycosidic acids, arvensic acids E-J (1-6), were obtained from a glycosidic acid fraction afforded by alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycosides from Convolvulus arvensis whole plants. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. They were defined as heptasaccharides or hexasaccharides, comprising d-fucose, d-glucose, and l-rhamnose units. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 were assigned the 11 S-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid as the aglycone, while compounds 2, 4, and 6 were found to possess 11 S-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid as the aglycone. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 are the first representatives of resin glycosides with 11 S-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid as the aglycone.

The aim of this paper was to study transformations of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in marl rock groundwater. To achieve this, we carried out a series of soil column experiments, using a DOM solution as the water sample and marl rock as the testing rock sample. Three-Dimensional Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectra (3DEEMS) were generated for DOM solutions and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was introduced to improve the traditional method of fluorescence regional integral (TMFRI). We termed this approach the Improved Method of Fluorescence Regional Integral (IMFRI) and used it to identify the type of DOM in the marl rock. The result shows that DOM recognition using TMFRI is only 50% accurate and consequently transformations are hard to recognize. In contrast, our results show that use of IFRIM has a DOM type recognition accuracy of 83.33% and so this method can be used with confidence to describe transformation characteristics. And we find that in the marl rock, the leaching test showed a new fluorescence peak at 312 h and the humic acid was degraded into soluble microbial products by microorganisms.

Chemical investigation of the secondary metabolites of the whole plant of bryophyte Hypnum plumaeforme Wilson led to the isolation of a new pimarane-type diterpenoid, momilactone F (1), along with seventeen known compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on massive spectroscopic data. The allelopathic and antifungal properties were evaluated. Among them, momilactone F (1), acrenol (2),[11] momilactones A (3) and B (4) showed significant allelopathic activity against Samolus parviflorus Raf. and Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish, as well as selected antifungal property against crop pathogenic fungi strains. On the other hand, 8(14)-podocarpen-13-on-18-oic acid (8) exhibited strong promoting activity on the growth of L. sativa L. var. angustana Irish. The present investigation provided new insights for developing of H. plumaeforme for further application as a potential agricultural tool.

In this study, a resin glycoside fraction with cytotoxic activity was isolated from the alcoholic extract of C. arvensis whole plants. To describe the chemical feature of the resin glycosides, the fraction was alkaline hydrolyzed and four novel glycosidic acids, named arvensic acids A-D (1-4), were isolated. Their structures were thoroughly elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidences. They all possess a same heptasacharride core, consisting of one D-fucose, two L-rhamnose and four d-glucose units. The difference among these glycosidic acids was placed on the aglycone, which is 12S-hydroxypentadecanoic acid for 1, 12S-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid for 2, 3S,12S-dihydroxypentadecanoic acid for 3, and 3S,12S- dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid for 4. These aglycones are rarely found in the structures of resin glycosides and are firstly identified in the genus Convolvulus.

Microbial transformation of 20( R )-panaxatriol (PT) was performed by using the fungus Aspergillus niger AS 3.739. Six metabolites ( 1 – 6 ) including five new compounds were obtained. The chemical structures of these transformed products were elucidated based on various spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESI-MS. Metabolites 2 – 6 are new compounds. Furthermore, metabolites 2 , 3 , 5 , and 6 exhibited significant anti-hepatic fibrosis activity, while 4 showed cytotoxicity against HSC-T6 cells.

Five new compounds, including a cytotoxic dimeric isocoumarin, bipenicilisorin (1), a merosesquiterpenoid, yaminterritrem C (2), a citrinin dimer, penicitrinone F (3), a alkaloid, terremide D (4), and a δ-valerolacton, (E)-4-(propen-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (5), along with ten known compounds (6-15) were isolated from a deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum SCSIO 41001. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR spectra, MS, CD, optical rotation, X-ray crystallography, and compared with literature data. Biological evaluation results revealed that 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against K562, A549, and Huh-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.78, 6.94, and 2.59μM, respectively. Compound 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against EV71 with IC50 value of 14.50μM. In addition, 13 and 14 showed specific COX-2 inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 1.09 and 1.97μM, respectively.

Biotransformation of lupane-type triterpenoid betulin was carried out with Mucor subtilissimus CGMCC 3.2456. Yielded nine previously undescribed hydroxylated compounds. M. subtilissimus biotransformation provided C-7, C-11, C-15 and C-24 hydroxylated compounds along with C-7 oxidized and C-28 acetylated derivatives. The structures of the metabolites were established based on extensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS data analyses. Furthermore, we found that most of the metabolites exhibited pronounced inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharides-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells.

The Co(II) complex of [Co(bpy)2(NO3)]Cl·3H2O, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, has been synthesised by the solution crystallisation method. The boron nitride nanosheets/silver nanoparticles/[Co(bpy)2(NO3)]Cl·3H2O nanoaggregate was prepared in order to better analyse the adsorption orientation of the cobalt complex on the surface of silver nanoparticles. The result of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurement indicates that the molecular plane of the cobalt complex presents a tilted orientation with respect to the surface of silver nanoparticles. The luminescence property of [Co(bpy)2(NO3)]+ two-dimensional arrangements within the layers of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was also investigated. Steady-state luminescence spectra of the [Co(bpy)2(NO3)]+-exchanged ZrP materials show an increase in the luminescence intensity.

The microbial transformation of 20( R )-panaxadiol ( 1 ) by Absidia corymbifera AS 3.3387 was investigated. Seven oxidized and hydroxylated products 20( R ),25-epoxy-12β-hydroxydammaran- 3-one ( 2 ), 20( R ),25-epoxy-7β,12β,24α-trihydroxydammaran-3-one ( 3 ), 20( R ),25-epoxy- 7β,12β,24β-trihydroxydammaran-3-one ( 4 ), 20( R ),25-epoxy-12β,15α,24α-trihydroxydammaran- 3-one ( 5 ), 20( R ),25-epoxy-12β,15α,24β-trihydroxydammaran-3-one ( 6 ), 20( R ),25-epoxy- 7β,12β,24β-trihydroxydammar-15-en-3-one ( 7 ), and 20( R ),25-epoxy-7β,12β,24β-trihydroxy- 15,30-cyclodammaran-3-one ( 8 ) were obtained. Six metabolites 3 – 8 are new compounds and are being reported here for the first time. Structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by 1-D ( 1 H, 13 C), 2-D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY) and HR-MS analyses. In addition, the cytotoxicity of substrate and all transformed products was evaluated by MTT assay using a panel of four human tumor cell lines (Du-145, Hela, HepG2, and MCF-7 cells) and one normal cell line Vero.

The microbial transformation of 20( S )-protopanaxatriol by cell suspension cultures of Aspergillus niger AS 3.1858 yielded metabolites 1 – 13 . The chemical structures of these transformed products were elucidated based on various spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Metabolites 3 , 11 , and 13 are new compounds. Furthermore, metabolite 3 exhibited relative better activity profile toward the tested seven cancer cell lines (Du-145, Hela, K562, K562/ADR, SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and MCF-7) than substrate and preliminary structure-activity relationships were concluded.

A simple, new aptamer-photonic crystal encoded suspension array was designed to simultaneously quantify and qualify ochratoxin A(OTA) and fumonisin B1(FB1) in cereal samples. The aptamers of OTA and FB1 were immobilized on the surfaces of photonic crystals by chemical bonding. When the target mycotoxins appear in a sample, the fluorescence-labeled complementary DNA of the aptamer dissociates from their double DNA hybrid and results in an obvious decrease in fluorescence intensity of the microsphere. The difference value of fluorescent intensities for each kind of silica photonic crystal microsphere (SPCM) quantitatively conveys the concentration of mycotoxin, and the structure colors or reflectance peak positions of the SPCMs confirm the kind of mycotoxin detected. The reaction conditions including the immobilization method for aptamers, hybridization, and incubation conditions have been optimized. This developed method displayed a wide linear detection range (0.01-1 ng/mL for OTA and 0.001-1 ng/mL for FB1) and a low limit of detection (0.25 pg/mL for OTA and 0.16 pg/mL for FB1). The recovery rates in the spiked cereal samples ranged from 81.80% to 116.38% for OTA and 76.58%-114.79% for FB1. The positive detection results in the naturally contaminated cereal samples were in agreement with those of classic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This simple suspension array scheme displays a great application potential for the high throughput screen assay of mycotoxins.

Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (1) by Mucor spinosus afforded two new and eight known metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were identified as 12-oxo-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (2), 23,24-en-25-methoxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (3), 29-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (4), 20(S),24(S)-epoxy-dammaran-3β,6α,12β,25-triol (5), 12-oxo-27-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (6), 12-oxo-26-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (7), 12-oxo-23β-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (8), 12-oxo-11β-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (9), 12-oxo-15α-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (10), and 12-oxo-25,26-en-15α-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (11). Among them, 3 and 11 are new compounds. The metabolites 3, 10 and 11 showed the more potent inhibitory effects against seven cell lines than the substrate.

The biotransformation of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (1) by Aspergillus niger AS 3.1858 was conducted. Seven metabolites 26-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (2); 23, 24-en-25-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (3); 25, 26-en-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (4); (E)-20, 22-en-25-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (5); 25, 26-en-24(R)-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (6); 25, 26-en-24(S)-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (7); and 23, 24-en-25-ethoxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (8) were afforded. Among them, 6, 7, and 8 are new compounds. The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated based on extensive spectral data including 2D NMR and HRMS. In addition, the cytotoxicity of substrate and all transformed products was evaluated by MTT assay using a panel of seven human tumor cell lines (Du-145, Hela, K562, K562/ADR, SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and MCF-7 cells) and one normal cell line Vero.

Ribosomal DNA is usually selected as molecular marker for phylogenetic study and the sequence variances especially in IGS region can affect the growth rate of organisms to certain extent. A complete rDNA of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) was isolated in this study. The rDNA is 11 660 bp in size and consists of 18S(1 873 bp),ITS-1(317 bp),5. 8S(163 bp),ITS-2(614 bp),28S(4 461 bp) and IGS(4 240bp). The (AT) contents of different regions range from 40. 1% to 48. 6% ,which are lower than those in Drosophila melanogaster (55. 8% - 80. 0% ) and higher than Cyprinus carpio (22. 0% - 43. 7% ). The SSR loci per 100 nucleotides in the sequence of descending are ITS-2(0. 98% ),IGS(0. 49% ),28S(0. 38% ), ITS-1(0. 32% ),18S(0. 21% ),5. 8S(0% ). The results of ITS2 intra-variances analysis showed that two types of ITS-2 existed in Chinese mitten crab,with a 12 bp(CGCAGGACCACC) insertion at 405 nt. The IGS region is 4 240 bp in size and there are 136 - 139 bp species-specific repeats that contain an Xho I restriction site. And a stem-loop structure (182 pairs stem and 21 nucleotides loop) is located following the specific repeats. The sequence of rDNA in the Chinese mitten crab will provide the foundation of studying the variances among different geographical populations and exploring the molecular marker associated with the fast growth rate of the Chinese mitten crab.

Biocatalysis of 20(R)-panaxatriol (PT) was performed by the fungus Mucor racemosus. Six metabolites (1–6) including five new compounds were obtained, and their structures were elucidated as 20(R),25-epoxy-12β,24β-dihydroxydammaran-3,6-dione (2), 20(R),25-epoxy-12β,22β-dihydroxydammaran-3,6-dione (3), 20(R),25-epoxy-23β-hydroxydammaran-3,6,12-trione (4), 20(R),25-epoxy-12β,23α- dihydroxydammaran-3,6-dione (5), and 20(R),25-epoxy-12β-hydroxydammaran-3,6,23-trione (6) by spectroscopic analysis. Pharmacological studies revealed that compounds 2, 3 and 5 exhibited significant antihepatic fibrosis activity, while 4 and 6 showed cytotoxicity against HSC-T6 cells.

To produce new derivatives of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by fungal biotransformation. Biotransformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (1) by Mucor racemosus AS 3.205 afforded six products. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. M. racemosus could selectively catalyze dehydrogenation at C-12 and further hydroxylation at C-7, C-11, and C-15, as well as rearrangement of double bond at C-26. Two of these new compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against SH-SY5Y and HepG2 cell lines. Biotransformation by M. racemosus AS 3.205 was an effective approach to produce new derivatives of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol.

For the defect of manual detection of Sulfur hexafluoride(SF 6 ) gas leakage in laser imaging video, this paper proposes an efficient and automatic gas leakage detection method. Firstly, global motion estimation and compensation are performed in laser imaging video, secondly, accumulative frame-difference and an improved high-order statistics(HOS) algorithm are used to detect leakage area, finally, the leakage area is located in laser imaging video. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect SF 6 gas leakage area from the laser imaging video sequence with unobvious motion area and serious noise, thus realize accurate location of gas leakage area.

Fatty Acid Binding Proteins are mainly involved in fatty acid transfer in the extracellular and intracellular membrane,and also take part in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation.In this experiment,two heart and muscle fatty acid binding protein genes,jlFABP3a and 3b,were isolated from C.carpio var.jian.Consistent with other FABP3s,jlFABP3s contain four exons and three introns.The open reading frames of 3a and 3b encode 133 amino acids and share 93% and 94% similarity with each other in DNA and protein level,respectively.And there was clear difference in sequences and lengths between two genes introns.Twenty-six and twenty-five SNPs were found on jlFABP3a and 3b respectively in C.carpio var.jian population using alignment sequences from different individuals.And genotypes in 3 SNP loci were detected using PCR-RFLP.The SNP-weight gain correlation analysis indicated C30G was significantly associated with male juvenile,female juvenile and adult fish weight gain(P0.05) in total experimental samples.Individuals with CC genotype grew faster than CG individuals.G267T was significantly correlated with female adult fish weight gain(P0.05) in 5 families,and three genotype individuals had same growth trends in the 7 populations,though not significant(P0.05).Taking two SNPs(G267T and C30G) into account,correlation analysis revealed individuals with GGCC grew the fastest in female and male fish,and grew 17% and 12% faster than GGCG ones.In the experimental samples,the GGCC individuals account for only about 9%,indicating the presence of large selection space,and can be used as reference in molecular assistant breeding of C.carpio var.jian.