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To examine the effect of subcutaneous injection of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the expression of the amyloid protein (Aβ1–40), α-secretase (ADAM10), β-secretase (BACE1), and γ-secretase (PS1) in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and wild-type mice were divided into wild-type group, wild-type therapy group, transgenome group, and transgenic therapy group. Subcutaneous injection of IGF-1 (50 μg/kg day) was administered once daily to the wild-type therapy group and transgenic therapy group for 8 weeks, respectively. The expression of the Aβ1–40 in the cortex and hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry 8 weeks after administration. The levels of Aβ1–40, DAM10, BACE1, and PS1 were analysed by Western blot. The expression of the Aβ1–40 in the cortex of the gene therapy group was significantly lower than that of the transgenome group (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and vascular endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD) in adolescents. Sixty obese pediatric inpatients at the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from February 2011 to February 2012 were included. Among these, 30 patients were obese and 30 patients were diagnosed with MS. Thirty healthy subjects were randomly selected as the control group. A series of indices, including height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip circumference and body mass index (BMI), as well as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were evaluated. von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation analysis between height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip circumference, BMI, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and PAI-1, as well as vWF was performed. Significant increases of vWF and PAI-1 levels were observed in the MS group compared with the control group (P

Polyaniline(PANI)/TiO2 nanocomposites are successful synthesized by one step-interfacial polymerization method. Morphologies and structures of the nanocomposites are characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The antibacterial properties of PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megateriu and Bacillus cereus are tested. The effect of molar ratio of aniline and tetrabutyl titanate on structures and antibacterial properties are also been explored. The results show that the content of tetrabutyl titanate has a obvious influence on structure and morphologies of the nanocomposites. PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites have antibacterial properties especially on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which shows a best antibacterial property when the molar ratio of aniline to tetrabutyl titanate is 3:2.

The effects of preparation conditions on the synthesis of polyaniline and its anticorrosion performance were investigated using single-factor method. The experimental results showed that the better conditions for electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline films are 0.5 M aniline, 0.8 M H2SO4, range of sweep voltage 1.6 V~-0.3V (Init =-0.3V), sensitivity 1.e-002, sweep segment 8, scan rate 0.1V/s. The anticorrosion performances of polyaniline films were investigated in 5% and 2.5% MgCl2 solutions respectively. Polarization and AC impedance technique tests proved that the polyaniline film owned a better anticorrosion performance to X70 in 2.5% MgCl2 solution than the denser one. And, it was found that polyaniline films adhered to X70 steel exhibited good barrier properties for a prolonged corrosion process. The above results provided some experimental data and theoretical guidance of polyaniline anticorrosion properties for some metals, especially for metals using in oil and natural gas industry.

Polyaniline with different morphologies doped by sulfuric acid were prepared using rapid mixture method. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that morphologies of polyaniline can be changed from unequal particles to nanowires with increasing the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium peroxydisulfate. The isomerization of -pinene were regarded as the goal reactions to study the effects of morphologies of polyaniline on the catalytic activities. The results proved that morphologies of polyaniline have a little effect on selectivity, but obviously affect the conversion rate of -pinene. The polyaniline nanowires hold the best catalytic activity among polyaniline with the three kinds of morphologies. The thermal behaviour of PANI was also investigated in detail by using a dynamic rate mode of thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) in inert atmosphere, and the results show that the polyaniline wires have good thermal stability.

Epoxy/polyurethane interpenetrating polymer network coatings(EP/PU IPNs) modified by organic montmorillonite(oMMT)were prepared by interpenetrating polymer technology and in situ intercalative polymerization methods. TEM analysis showed that there is interaction between the oMMT and EP, PU phase, and the oMMT plays a role of "cross-linking point", changing the EP/PU matrix microstructure. Electrochemical analysis showed that oMMT and IPNs of EP and PU exhibits synergistic effect on improving anticorrosive properties of pure EP. When PU content is 30%, oMMT content is 3%, the EP/PU IPNs coatings has the best corrosion resistance.

Polyaniline with different morphologies doped by nitric acid were prepared using rapid mixture method. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that morphologies of polyaniline can be changed from unequal particles to nanowires with increasing the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium peroxydisulfate. The adsorption of rhodamine B dye was carried out using the polyaniline with different morphologies, and the effect of morphologies was studied. The results proved that adsorption of rhodamine B from aqueous solutions using polyaniline is an effective and economical method, and morphologies of polyaniline obviously affect its adsorption performance. The polyaniline nanowires present the best adsorption performance for removal rhodamine B among polyaniline with the three kinds of morphologies.

Using cheap and porous diatomite or zeolite as silicon sources, we prepared firstly Li4SiO4 matetials for high temperature CO2 capture through solid-state method, and mainly investigated effects of silicon sources on the CO2 absorption properties of Li4SiO4 materials. Phase composition was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and the CO2 absorption properties were studied by the simultaneous thermal thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DSC). The results showed that Li4SiO4 materials using zeolite as silicon source showed little CO2 absorption properties, while Li4SiO4 materials using diatomite as silicon source showed excellent CO2 absorption properties. Compared with the existing literatures, the preparation cost of Li4SiO4 materials was lowered

SiO2 doped by polyaniline for application in electrorheological (ER) fluid was prepared by using a simple one-pot interfacial synthesis method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image shows that the morphologies of SiO2 may be changed from spherical to fibroid structure by changing the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) and aniline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) proves that polyaniline does not change the crystallinity of SiO2. The ER behaviors of SiO2 doped by polyaniline in silicone oil are investigated with different doping degrees under different shear rate, and the results show that properly doping polyaniline improves electrorheological behavior of SiO2.

Polyaniline(PANI) nanofibers were firstly prepared by rapid mixture method, EP/PANI nanocomposite was obtained by in-situ adding the PANI nanofibers to epoxy resin(EP). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) proves that the type of doped acids has a little effect on the morphologies of PANI, and the PANI doped by different acids present nanofiber structures with the diameter of about 50 nm. The thermal behaviour of EP/PANI nanocomposites were investigated in detail by using a dynamic rate mode of thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) in inert atmosphere, and the results show that the PANI nanofibers obviously improve thermal stability of pure EP. Compared with EP/PANI doped by nitric acid or sulfuric acid, EP/PANI doped by phosphoric acid has best thermal stability.

Using urea and calcium chloride as precipitator and calcium source, fibrous CaCO3 precursors were prepared using hydrothermal method, then fibrous CaO sorbent was obtained by calcination. The influence of hydrothermal temperature on CO2 absorption properties was discussed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that pure CaCO3 phase with aragonite and calcite crystal forms was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the resultant CaO sorbent presented a fibrous microstructure, which inherited the morphologies of CaCO3. The absorption capacity of the resultant CaO sorbent reached 59.86%, being 76% of theoretical absorption capacity. In addition, compared with the CaO sorbent from analytical pure CaCO3, the obtained fibrous CaO-sorbent have the better cyclic absorption properties.

The synthesis and complexation behavior of a novel bis-phosphine ligand based on a calix[4]arene scaffold, 5,17-bis(diphenylphosphino)-25,26,27,28-tetrabenzyloxycalix[4]arene (3), are reported. Reaction of 3 with PdCl2(cod) under dilute conditions results in formation of the trans-coordinated dinuclear complex [PdCl2·3]2 (4). The X-ray structure of 4 reveals that the two phosphinocalix[4]arene molecules are linked by the two PdCl2 fragments. On the other hand, reaction of 3 with PtCl2(cod) affords the cis-chelating mononuclear complex PtCl2·3 (5). The X-ray structure, low-temperature NMR measurements, and geometry optimization of 5 reveal that the structure in solution at −80 °C and in solid-state has a C1 symmetry where the P−Pt−P plane is inclined and the calix[4]arene moiety is twisted. It was also found that 3 reacts with [Pd(η3-C3H5)(cod)]BF4 to yield the corresponding cationic complex [Pd(η3-C3H5)·3]BF4 (6) quantitatively. Low-temperature NMR measurements suggest that 6 exists as a mixture of two st...

X-ray crystallographic analysis and CPMAS solid-state NMR measurements of tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)calix[4]arene tetramethyl ether (1) elucidated that in the solid-state 1 adopts a flattened partial cone conformation having C1 symmetry. In solution, on the other hand, the 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectra measured at −20 °C indicated that 1 has a partial cone conformation with a mirror plane. Two-dimensional 31P EXSY and variable-temperature 31P NMR spectra reveal a fluxional behavior of 1 in solution on the NMR time scale due to annulus rotation from the methoxy side. Concerning the energetics for the four conformers of 1, an ab initio molecular orbital calculation showed that the partial cone conformation is the most stable form, while the cone and the 1,3-alternate conformers are only slightly less stable.

The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing as the global population ages. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) can induce PD-like neuropathology and biochemical changes in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, clarification of the molecular mechanism of 6-OHDA-induced cell death might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of PD.With this goal in mind, we investigated the role of protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) in 6-OHDA-dependent death using the pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. Cells were treated with 6-OHDA to induce toxicity with or without pretreatment using rottlerin (a PKC delta inhibitor), bisindolylmaleimide I (a general PKC inhibitor), Gö6976 (a PKC inhibitor selective for calcium-dependent PKC isoforms), or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, a PKC activator).Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate decreased cell survival and increased the rate of apoptosis while rottlerin increased cell survival and decreased the rate of apoptosis. In contrast, neither bisindolylmaleimide I nor Gö6976 affected 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Western analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of PKC delta on Thr 505 as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation increased after exposure to 6-OHDA. This increase in PKC delta phosphorylation was potentiated by PMA. However, rottlerin attenuated the 6-OHDA-stimulated increase in PKC delta and ERK phosphorylation.These data suggest that PKC delta, rather than classic-type PKC (alpha, beta1, beta2, gamma), participates in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, and PKC delta activity is required for subsequent ERK activation during cell death.

A novel capsule-shaped Ir(I) and Rh(I) cationic complexes with a triphosphinocalix[6]arene as a ligand were synthesized. These complexes showed dynamic behavior with size-selective molecular encapsulation, which was confirmed by variable-temperature 31P{1H} NMR measurement in the presence of various molecules.

We synthesized tetrameric amphiphilic molecules based on a calixarene building block that self-assembles into a tunable and stable aggregation structure in aqueous solution. The amphiphilic calixarene molecules with a small hydrophilic part were observed to assemble into a vesicular structure that decreases significantly in diameter with only small increases in the hydrophilic chain length. Further increasing the chain length induced the collapse of the vesicles into spherical micelles. Remarkably, the vesicles were also observed to transform into small globular micelles at lower pH, which can be used to trigger the release of the encapsulated hydrophilic guest molecules.