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In biomedical applications, Cu2O nanoparticles are of great interest. The bioengineered route is eco-friendly for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, in the present study, there is an attempt to synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles using Datura metel L. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, and FT-IR. UV-Vis results suggest the presence of hyoscyamine, atropine in Datura metel L, and also, nanoparticles formation has been confirmed by the presence of absorption peak at 790 nm. The average crystallite size (19.56 nm) obtained by XRD. Further, the various functional groups have been confirmed through FT-IR. To highlight the peak of the dominant frequencies, Fourier Power Spectrum was also used to analyze the synthesized nanomaterials spectrum results. Density functional theory (DFT) further also used over a period of time to measure the energy of the substance, which seems to suggest a stable compound. Furthermore, the calculated energies, thermodynamic characteristics (such as enthalpies, entropies, Gibbs-free energies), modeled structures of complexes, crystals, and clusters, and predicted yields, rates, and regio- and stereospecificity of reactions were in good agreement with the experimental ones. Overall, the findings indicate the successful synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles using Datura metel L. correlates with theoretical study.

In the current study, an efficient method was developed for the preparation of phenothiazinium Schiff base ligand followed by the attachment to nanosilver mediated by egg white (lysozyme) as a catalyst and reductant under solvent-free conditions. The synthesized Schiff base ligand, nanosilver, and its complex were characterized by UV, IR, XRD, and NMR. Biological studies for Schiff base ligand, nanosilver, and its complex were investigated. The advantages of this method are environmentally benign process; the product can be isolated simply by filtration, simplicity, elimination of solvents, high product yields, and short reaction times. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity using the broth dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) and E. coli (gram-negative) bacteria. From the results the silver nanocomplex exhibits enhanced antibacterial activity which may be due to the interaction of Schiff base and nano Ag on the bacterial cell wall. The silver complex can be utilized in the future for drug delivery and biomedical applications.

The current investigation addresses the alternating current electrical properties, electrochemical characteristics on biopolymer as Withania somnifera leaf extract incorporated sodium alginate [WLISA] polymer film prepared by solution casting method. Some crystallinity along with the amorphous nature of sodium alginate emerged due to the incorporation of Withania somnifera leaf extract [WSLE]. Two absorption maximum (λmax) were obtained for both WLISA and WSLE samples in the UV–Vis spectrum. The blue, green, and red emission of WSLE and weak blue emission of WLISA are studied by PL analysis. The more amount of strain that occurred in crystallization provides broaden peak in X-ray diffraction pattern. With aid of guluronic and mannuronic acids in sodium alginate making hydroxyl bond formation with leaf extract due to the cross-linking process can be analyzed from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The EDAX analysis showed the chemical composition of WSLE. At room temperature, the prepared 5 ml leaf extract WLISA film has demonstrated the highest ionic conductivity in the typical value of 2.80 × 10–6 S/Cm. The electrochemical window of the prepared polymer film is in the range of − 0.4 to 0.4 V suggesting that used as an electrolyte for supercapacitor applications.

This study elucidates the biosynthesis of two various metal nanoparticles using brown seaweed algae from the southeast coast region of Tamil Nadu. The synthesized SiO2–ZnO nanocomposite was analyzed using UV–Vis, SEM, FT-IR and XRD analysis. The biomedical studies of synthesized SiO2–ZnO nanocomposite on antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activity were evaluated. Antioxidant screening assays were performed by using nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and ABTS assay. MTT assay and well-cut drug diffusion assay were performed for anticancer and antibacterial studies. The bio-synthesized SiO2–ZnO nanocomposites have acted as a promising potential drug against HT29 cancer cell line of colon cancer and explore the best range of zone inhibition upon gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains. The results provide the facts that the seaweed mediated synthesis of SiO2–ZnO nanocomposite might be the potential source to treat adenorectal colon cancer cell and exhibits significant effect on Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. This study confirms that seaweed extract mediated synthesis of SiO2–ZnO nanocomposites significantly inhibits bacterial colonies especially urinary tract infection pathogens and shows excellent antioxidant activity. Schematic representation of synthesized SiO2–ZnO nanocomposites and their therapeutic evaluation.

Green synthesis of ZnO NPs with biological systems is becoming a growing field, especially in plant extracts nanotechnology. Biological reducing agents have been interpreted worldwide to lessen the impact of toxic chemicals applied in development of nanoparticles. In present research, work deals with green synthesis & characterization of ZnO NPs via Psidium guajava leaf extract, also to evaluate their antibacterial action against some selected bacteria. The preparation of ZnO NPs was attained via sol–gel assisted microwave irradiation process. The XRD pattern confirms the hexagonal phase of ZnO and crystalline size to be ~ 15.8 nm. FTIR analysis depicts the bio functional groups present in the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles, SEM predicts the size and morphology of the sample, and it shows rod-shaped surface. Then, the EDAX results showed the purity & elemental stoichiometry of the ZnO nanoparticles. Also, the UV was performed to investigate the optical nature of the prepared ZnO nanoparticles. Also, the antibacterial activity results revealed significantly inhibited both types of bacteria in higher concentrations. This study also suggests that green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can an excellent antibacterial agent.

Water and microbial contamination is a serious issues to aquatic system and human health. The metal selenide has a tremendous technique to degrade the dyes and bacteria.The present work reports the synthesis of ZnSe nanoparticles in a simple co-precipitation method. The synthesized samples were analyzed by structural, optical, morphological, catalytic and biological activity. The size and bandgap by annealing temperature tuning which are confirm by X-ray Diffraction and UV–Visible spectrometer. The quasi-spherical shapes were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope.The photo excited electrons have trapped the metals and promoting the degradation system. The release of ions to the surface was acknowledged by Photo Luminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic dye degradation of the Methyl Orange showed that the enhanced activity in high temperature. The photocatalytic dye degradation activity suggested that the temperature change the production of free radicals and ROS formation. The hydroxyl radicals were slewing the dye molecules and bacteria. The obtained results giving the information of ZnSe nanoparticles are one of the fascinating research areas in the current research world. Because of its large application in different field it acts as a promoting catalytic and biological application.

Herein, indium doped tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were produced via co-precipitation process and used to develop a photodiode (p-Si/n-ITO) via a cost-effective spin coating process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed a mixed crystalline phase of tetragonal and cubical structures for the doped samples indicating nanocomposite formation. The effect of indium ion vibrations of OH bonds is observed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The fine nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis was confirmed by SEM and NPs are of spherical shape confirmed via TEM. The maximum absorbance 262 nm and minimum optical band gap Eg = 2.8 eV was attained for 5 wt.% of In. From electrical studies, the conductivity was found to be in the range 1.4767 × 10−6 and 0.74 × 10−13 S/cm. The p-Si/n-ITO diode was fabricated with 5 wt.% of In and its ideality factor (n), barrier height (Φb), photosensitivity (PS), responsivity (R) and specific detectivity (D*) were examined in dark and light surroundings. The diode exhibited good Ps = 21% and D* = 3.38 × 107 Jones. The output results indicate that the developed device will be good in optoelectronic devices.

In pursuit of manufacturing of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in good yield at lower temperatures, a mixture of d-block elements such as Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt was expected to be advantageous because of the high yield and low temperature (at 220 - 250° C) synthesis. The physical state and aggregation of these catalyst particles in the reaction medium have been found to play an interesting role in obtaining CNTs at better yield. Carbon nanotubes have been successfully produced by an uncomplicated two-step solvothermal method between sodium and dichlorobenzene via Ni/Fe/Co as catalyst precursor. The dependence of yield of CNTs on the catalyst system was determined via different ratios of catalysts and at various other experimental conditions such as different heating temperatures, different durations of heating. The X-ray powder diffraction study has indicated the graphite kind of the products. Microscopic characterizations (SEM and TEM) implied us the diameters of carbon nanotubes are 10-14 nm. Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of graphitized carbon in carbon nanotubes. Significant influence by the heating temperature and heating duration has been observed on the product yield.

In this modern era, (M/MO-NPs) Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are utilized in various areas. The growth of nanoparticles is tremendous in our daily activities like beauty products, doses, delivery of drugs, and outfit. They can be set up by numerous strategies, for example, green amalgamation and the ordinary compound blend techniques. Green synthesis incorporates endless increase to deliver M/MO-NPs with requesting properties. In Bioengineering, the "green" combination has increased massive consideration as a trustworthy, dependable, and natural benevolent convention for orchestrating a wide scope of Nanomaterials including M/MO-NPs and bio propelled materials. Be that as it may, the utilization of plant extracts for this intention is profitable over organisms because of usability and less biohazard. Union of metal and MO-NPs by using the extract of plant fluid arrangement have increased consideration toward the green methodology and with no antagonistic impact on nature. The current article intends to survey the advancement made lately on nanoparticle biosynthesis by organisms. These microbial assets incorporate microorganisms, organisms, yeast, green growth, and viruses. This study predominantly centers on the biosynthesis of the most usually examined M/MO-NPs, for example, copper, cadmium, noble metals, platinum, titanium oxide, palladium, zinc oxide, and cadmium sulfide.

In this work, the green synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with an efficient quantum yield of 17.98% using sugarcane bagasse pulp as the precursor was conducted by a hydrothermal technique. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the CQDs were competently monodispersed with the particle size ranging between 0.75 and 2.75 nm. The structural properties of CQDs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The UV-visible spectrum showed two absorption peaks due to the aromatic C=C transitions of π-π* and C=O transitions of n-π*. The fluorescence spectrum of CQDs displayed a strong blue emission. However, the first-ever of its kind, sugarcane industrial solid waste carbon quantum dots caused significant orders to obey the enhancement of the third-order nonlinearity (χ(3)) when compared with other carbon dots (CDs). The calculated nonlinear optical (NLO) parameters such as n 2, β, and χ(3) were 1.012 × 10-8 cm2/W, 2.513 × 10-4, and 3.939 × 10-7 esu, respectively. The figures of merit were evaluated to be W = 6.6661 and T = 0.0132, which greatly fulfilled the optical switching conditions. Besides, the antibacterial activities of CQDs were screened against aquatic Gram-positive (Benthesicymus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli) microbial organisms. Our findings, however, indicate that synergistic sugarcane industrial waste CQDs are promising materials for the functioning of NLO devices, bioimaging, and pharmaceutical applications.

In the current work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were green synthesized using starch and modified with anionic dye (acid fuchsin) and aldehyde (salicylaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde). Thus in situ formation of Schiff base stabilized AgNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The size and the stability of the Schiff base modified AgNPs were explored using DLS and Zeta potential analysis. TEM analyses showed the size of the Schiff base (cinnamaldehyde) modified AgNPs with an average particle size of 5–10 nm. The synthesized Schiff base modified AgNPs were tested for their antibacterial efficacy against gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (MTCC733), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC1688) and gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis (MTCC41) and Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC96). The antifungal activity of the synthesized materials has been studied against Candida albicans along with standard fluconazole. Higher antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed for the Schiff base (SB) capped AgNPs due to the combined effect of SB and AgNPs. The mechanism of the bactericidal activity of nanoparticles is suggested as due to the interaction of AgNPs with the cell membrane. The results of the present study confirm that SB stabilized AgNPs have significant potential as an antimicrobial agent in treating infectious diseases.

In this study, two treatment steps were performed to completely remove p-nitroaniline (PNA). In the first stage, the catalytic ozonation process (COP) using the synthesized nanoparticles of magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) was applied for pre-treatment. Effective parameters in the COP, including initial pH, initial PNA concentration, catalyst dose, and contact time has been investigated. Response Surface Method)RSM(was applied to optimize process conditions in the COP. The effluent from the COP entered the sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor (SBMBBR). The optimum conditions for the COP process were initial PNA concentration: 120 mg/L, pH: 8.25, LDH dose: 750 mg/L, and reaction time: 70 min. Under these conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of PNA, COD, and TOC was about 91.5, 83, and 70%, respectively. The biological reactor was operated under conditions of hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h, pH of 6.5–7, mixed liquor suspended solids attached to bio-carriers (MLSSatt.) of 4700 mg/L, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids attached to bio-carriers (MLVSSatt.) of 3200 mg/L, MLSS of 1000 mg/L, and MLVSS of 880 mg/L. In this study, using the COP/SBMBBR system, the complete PNA analysis and maximum removal efficiency of COD and TOC were about 99 and 97%, respectively.

Several metal oxide nanocomposites produced by multiple doping approaches with a combination of rare earth metals tend to show improved performance in various areas such as electrochemical, photoca...

In this current research, biogenic Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were successfully produced by the green method, i.e. microwave-assisted process using Andrographis paniculata as a source. Microwave-assisted biogenic CuO nanoparticles were investigated with various instrumental techniques. The micrographs of the FESEM and TEM showed that the size of particles is around 30 nm. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of CuO nanoparticles was conducted against the methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of natural sunlight irradiation. Further, antimicrobial activities of the biogenic CuO nanoparticles were tested against foodborne pathogens. The CuO nanoparticles showed anti-cancer (A549: IC50:14.76 µg/mL) activity and they are biocompatible in nature. In addition, biogenic CuO nanoparticles can be applicable to toxic pollutant treatment and pharma drug applications.

Mixed metal oxide nanocomposites (rare earth-based) have become irreplaceable and tend to display great functioning in all kinds of arenas like as photocatalytic, electrochemical, and biological. NiO-CGSO [NiO-Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ–Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ] nanomaterial was produced by the wet-chemical route for numerous purposes. The development of (FCC) face-centered cubic structure confirmed and there was no derivative phase was observed by XRD. Metal-Oxygen bond was revealed by FTIR analysis. The morphology and elemental composition of the sample were carried out using SEM with EDAX. The optical bandgap of prepared nanocomposite was studied using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Electrochemical behaviour was observed at conditions, voltage (1.3 V), and the frequency (42 Hz–5 kHz). Photocatalytic and antibacterial behavior of prepared NiO-CGSO nanocomposites also investigated. It was found that this novel composite catalyst decomposed 92% of toxic pollutants from wastewater. Further, NiO-CGSO composites showed superior antibacterial performance against aeromonas hydrophila, E. coli, and S. epidermis bacterial pathogens.

The olive oil extraction industry is one of the most polluting wastewaters from the food industry, which is considered an important economic activity in the world. The environmental effects of olive wastewater are related to chemical and organic loading, which is resistant to biodegradation processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of combined electrocoagulation, catalytic ozonation, to reduce organic load and improve the biodegradability of olive oil sewage. The present study was experimental on a laboratory scale and was done at a batch reactor on actual olive wastewater. The electrocoagulation process was performed using Fe electrodes at a current density of 0.73, 0.5, 0.05..dm... The optimal conditions for the electrocoagulation process were obtained at a flow rate of 0.5 ..dm. for 45 min reaction time, so that the removal efficiency of TOC, COD, and turbidity was 75, 80 and 94%, respectively. Then the treated wastewater under these optimal conditions entered the catalytic ozonation process (COP) reactor. In the COP process, the TOC and COD concentrations reached 105 and 210 mg/L after 90 min (44% and 56% removal). Eventually, the effluent was introduced into the biology*ical reactor and the removal efficiency of COD and TOC were investigated. So, the amount of TOC and COD decreased from 105 and 210 mg/L to 22.3 mg/L and 37 mg/L, respectively. As a result, the overall efficiency of the EC/COP/SBR system in removing COD and TOC was 98.4% and 97.2%, respectively. The combination of these processes is very effective in comparison with other processes for the treatment of olive sewage.

Nanocomposite based on LSCF (La0.85Sr0.15Co0.85Fe0.15O3-?) was prepared by a simple chemical precipitation method for application in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFC) as a cathode by using basic materials (Rare earth and Transition metal related compounds), sodium hydroxide [as precipitator material] and CTAB [as surfactant]. DTA/TGA of the precursor compound indicated the completion of reaction at about 300 �C. The formation of well-crystalline single-phase perovskite structure with rhombohedral geometry was revealed by the XRD and La-O bond is assigned in the sample revealed by FTIR. SEM analysis unveiled that the sample comprises spherical shaped and homogeneous with an average grain size of about 90�nm. EDAX reveals the elemental composition of the sample. Impedance measurements have been made in voltage ?1.3 volts and the frequency range�42�Hz to 5�KHz. Better conductivity value is attained that may make this system appropriate for application as cathode for Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). - 2019, - 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Scopus

In this work “solve two problems with one single action” strategy was implemented for degradation of industrial dye Amaranth and enhanced blue-green emission for opto-electronics applications in Cu2+ doped ZnO materials. The different concentrations (weight (wt) %) of Cu2+ doped ZnO materials have been synthesized by the thermal spreading method. The as-prepared ZnO and Cu2+ doped ZnO materials have effectively confirmed by various spectroscopic methods. The crystalline phase, surface morphology, compositions of elements and energy bandgap were studied systematically enquired by PXRD, SEM, EDS and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, respectively. With the dopant concentration, 18 wt% of Cu2+ doped ZnO revealed outstanding photocatalytic performance to the degradation of Amaranth under visible light irradiation with an efficacy of about 97%. Likewise, 18 wt% of Cu2+ doped ZnO shows an strong blue-green emission at around 495 nm owing to the internal oxygen vacancies. The present work gives some clue; it may be used as a proficient photocatalyst for degradation of dyes and luminescent material for optoelectronics applications.

Cellulose nanoparticles (NPs) (cellulose nanocrystals) have become the center of importance in present day's materials research. These NPs affect the properties of cellulose than microparticles in a unique way. Composite thin films made from them in comparison with the nano-sized composites exhibit advanced promising sensing characteristics. At the interface, there are interactions due to rate of dispersion, filler polymers, and filler polymer interactions. Some of the specific characteristics associated with them are renewability and biodegradable, biocompatibility, surface hydroxyl groups, tensile strength, stiffness, and large surface to volume ratio. Nanocellulose (NC)-based areas are considered to be an emerging technology in fabrication mainly due to its cost, user friendliness, and disposability. These are also used in various electrical/optical devices for various sensing applications in particular medical diagnostics and healthcare, controlling food quality, environmental observations, and forensic investigation. Due to its advent features, the sensor technology would emerge with NC-based sensing platforms. This chapter highlights how NC is being customized and used in sensing technology and their outcome intents at showcasing logical statistics related to various fields.

Acetone in breath can be used as a biomarker for noninvasive detection of diabetes. The acetone level in breath is substantially high for diabetic patients. In this study, mixed metal oxide nanocomposite of CuO-Co3O4 -ZnO was used for the electrochemical detection of acetone in artificial breath solution. The structural and morphological characterization of synthesized nanocomposite was done by XRD, RAMAN and SEM (EDAX) analysis. The electrochemical study was performed and the metal oxide modified electrode showed the sensitivity of 6.52 μA cm-2 ppm-1 towards the detection of acetone in the artificial solution.

Rare-earth doped metal oxide nanocomposites were become very unique and tend to show abundant performance in all types of fields such as electrochemical, photocatalytic, and biological. Gadolinium and Samarium co-doped ceria i.e., Ce1−xGd1−yO2−δ-Ce1−x Sm−yO2−δ [x = 0.2, y = 0.8] nanocomposite was synthesized by co-precipitation method for various applications. The formation of fluorite cubic crystal structure was observed and functional group analysis was revealed by XRD and FTIR correspondingly. SEM with EDAX was revealed the morphological and chemical composition analysis of the prepared nanocomposite. Impedance studies were completed at particular conditions and proved as a suitable electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) applications.

A novel, sustainable chitosan polymeric nanocomposite (CS-PVA@CuO) was synthesized and subjected to the removal of acid blue 25 (AB25) from the aqueous environment. The influence of different variables such as pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, temperature, and adsorption kinetics has been examined in the batch adsorption process. The CS-PVA@CuO composite was systematically characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX analysis. The pseudo-first order (PFO), pseudo-second order (PSO), and intra-particle diffusion kinetics equations were used to examine the kinetic data of the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics confirms that the PSO model was a more exact fit. Thermodynamics study typically revealed that the uptake of AB25 by the adsorbent is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Remarkably, the results reveal the highest adsorption capacity of the CS-PVA@CuO was 171.4 mg/g at 313 K. To be specific, CS-PVA@CuO polymer nanocomposite can be effectively used as a suitable adsorbent material for the potential elimination of anionic AB25 dye from the aqueous solutions.

A remarkably efficient Indonesian Kaolin (IK) supported nano zerovalent iron composite (IK-nZVI) has been synthesized, and subjected to the elimination Pb(II) from the wastewater. The results were authenticate the nZVI nanoparticles have a chain shape and establish as separable nanospheres with an average size (29.95 nm) on the surface of IK. The FTIR spectra demonstrate the presence of Al-O as well as Si-O bonds. XRD results demonstrate the presence of zerovalent iron. SEM confirmed less agglomeration of Fe(0) nanoparticles which improves the mechanical strength. The weak signals of Fe and O confirm the establishment of zerovalent iron in nanocomposite. TEM demonstrates that the nanocomposite has a chain like structure. Pb(II)percentage removal was improved by rise in the IK-nZVI amount which results in rising the adsorption site. The nanocomposite had on optimum Pb(II) sorption at pH range of 4.5–6.5. The amount adsorbent increasing with the Pb(II) removal percentage was decreased. Kinetics study demonstrated that Pb(II) sorption was accomplished through more than one processes. IK was proved active support to progress the dispersion, and steadiness of IK-nZVI nanocomposite. The sorption processes pollutant was estimated through the kinetics models, and different sorption isotherm equations like Langmuir (LM), Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F), and Freundlich (FL) isotherms. The IK-nZVI typically accompanies outstanding Pb(II) removal efficiency of 98% and 96.05% with a span of 5 and 10 min for low and high concentrations, respectively. Significantly, the results reveal the maximum adsorption capability of the IK-nZVI is 192.0 mg/g. The thermodynamic study shown endothermic and spontaneous adsorption onto the IK-nZVI surface. Specifically, the IK-nZVI nanocomposite possesses key advantages in terms of simple method, nature friendly, cost-effectiveness, and decent adsorption efficiency for the potential elimination of toxic metal ion (Pb(II)) in the aqueous phase.

Acetone level of diabetic patients from their breath can be detected. The effect of CeO2 -NiO-ZnO nanocomposite was studied by adding different concentration of acetone. Structural (XRD, Raman) and morphological (SEM with EDAX) studied were done. The CV response of modified GCE with and without acetone was studied. It was observed that the current gets reduced in the presence of acetone. The sensor shows excellent sensitivity, selectivity and durability. The flexibility is an additional advantage of the sensor.

Nanocomposite materials (rare-earth doped) are famous and tend to demonstrate good features in all the fields like photocatalysis, electrochemical, and antibacterial. A Wet-chemical route was used to prepare NiO-CYO-CSO [NiO-Ce0.9Y0.1O2-δ–Ce0.9Sm0.1O2-δ] nanocomposite successfully for different uses. The growth of fluorite cubic structure and absence of secondary phase was detected by X-ray diffraction. Metal-oxygen bond at 410.7 cm−1 was unveiled by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology and element composition of the material was characterized using Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive absorption X-ray spectroscopy. The optical bandgap of the sample was deliberated using UV-Vis spectroscopy and the projected bandgap of NiO-CYO-CSO composite was found to be 3.54 eV. Impedance studies were done at conditions such as the frequency range (40 to 6 kHz) and voltage-1.3 V. The photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of NiO-CYO-CSO nanocomposite was also examined. Furthermore, the synthesized NiO-CYO-CSO will apply to wastewater treatment and pharmaceutical applications.

p - phenylenediamine-Graphene Oxide (PPDG) nanocomposite was prepared by a simple combined hydrothermal method. The as-prepared composite was entirely characterized by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). SEM and TEM analysis shows the presence of flaky nanoparticles with sizes alternating from 100 to 200 nm. PPDG nanocomposite has exceptional adsorption potential and high adsorption rates towards removing Pb2+ metal ions. Our study indicates that the adsorption data were best fit for Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a high adsorption capacity of 800 mgg−1, whereas the kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. PPDG is also used for Crystal Violet (CV) & Methylene Blue (MB) degradation. We can observe the 96 percent degradation in the first 40 min at 2.5 mg PPDG concentration and above pH 6.0. Varying concentrations and pH studied both adsorption and photocatalysis. The synthesized nanocomposite can be efficiently used to remove toxic heavy metal ions and dyes.

CdO-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite (CCZ NC) was prepared by a simplistic microwave-assisted route and inspected by utilizing diverse spectroscopic ways. The structural and morphological properties of CCZ NC were investigated via XRD, FTIR, and SEM with EDAX analysis. The XRD pattern reveals the crystal structure of cubic CdO, monoclinic CuO, and hexagonal ZnO with average crystallite size around 39 (CdO), 28 (CuO), 30 (ZnO) nm. The FTIR spectrum exposed distinctive vibration frequencies at 566, 630, and 451 cm−1 allocated to Cu-O, Cd-O, and Zn-O stretching vibrations, correspondingly. The flower-like structure was validated with SEM with EDAX investigation. The optical properties of CCZ NC were deliberated via UV–Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The optical bandgap of the synthesized CCZ NC is 2.8 eV. High-performance alizarin red S dye photocatalytic degradation (93% at 120 mins) was observed on the flower-like structure CCZ NC, under natural sunlight irradiation. Besides, the antibacterial activities of CCZ NC were investigated against foodborne microorganisms. CCZ NC showed a good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Salmonella typhi (22 mm). These results indicate that synergistic CCZ NC is a promising material for the functioning of bio-imaging, water purifying process, and pharmaceutical applications.

Single crystal of p-Toluidinium L-Tartrate (PTLT) was harvested via slow solvent evaporation technique. The grown PTLT crystal has a triclinic structure, P1 space group. Functional groups were affirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The absorption coefficient (α), energy bandgap, and linear refractive index (n0) were estimated from the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum. A broad emission band observed at 350 nm in the luminescence spectrum of PTLT, corresponds to violet light emission. The dielectric constant and loss were determined by varying the frequency and temperature. The mechanical parameters were determined by the micro-indentation test for various loads. The SHG efficiency of the compound was measured by the powder Kurtz-Perry method. The NLO parameters n2 (1.731 × 10‒9 cm2W−1), β (0.079 × 10‒4 cm W−1), and χ(3) (9.05 × 10‒7 esu) were determined by the Z-scan method. In addition, antibacterial activity was carried out against selected foodborne pathogens for pharmaceutical applications .

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from agro-waste Ananas comosus by facile hydrothermal treatment. The synthesize CQDs are characterized by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR, XPS, UV–Visible spectral analysis, and Quantum yield (QY) measurements. The formation of CQDs has a typical particle size of 2.4 ± 0.5 nm which was measured by HR-TEM analysis. The fluorescence properties of CQDs show strong blue emission radiation with a QY of 10.65%. The NLO CQDs exhibit properties of self-defocusing and multi-photon absorbance when exposed to a continuous-wave laser (532 nm, 100 mW). The calculated third-order NLO parameters, like β, n2, and χ(3) was obtained to be in the order of 3.0864 × 10-4 cm/W, 8.5137 × 10-9 cm2/W, and 3.2882 × 10-7 (esu), respectively. Antibacterial activities of CQDs were screened against (S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and V. cholera) microbial organisms and Antioxidant assay of the CQDs was assessed against the DPPH method. Furthermore, the synthesized CQDs will be applicable to NLO devices and pharmaceutical applications.

Indium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a co-precipitation method using the basic raw materials like Indium (III) Chloride and the precipitating reagent as Ammonium hydroxide. The formation of Indium oxide is highly dependent on temperature. The morphology, structural, particle size, optical and electrical properties of In2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive microscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR), UV spectra, Photoluminescence spectroscopic (PL) and Electrical resistance measurements. The results exhibit a crystalline cubic structure in particles, spherical shape, size about 14 nm and optical band gap of 4.20 eV.

Green synthesized nanoparticles are utilized as a photocatalyst for the degradation of an organic dye such as methylene blue. In this study, Hibiscus subdariffa leaf extract act as a capping agent. 2-D fern ZnO/TiO2 hierarchical Nanoleaf was prepared by a self-assembled route. The XRD studies have revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and a single phase of anatase crystalline form of TiO2. The 2-D fern hierarchical patterns showed needle-like morphologies having a large surface area to volume ratio with a wide absorption band. Compared with the cauliflower structure of ZnO nanoparticles, it’s charge carrier recombination and transfer resistance are low. A high-performance of photocatalytic degradation and photomineralization were observed on the 2-D fern ZnO/TiO2 nanoleaf, under UV–visible irradiation compared to HS-ZnO.

In this article, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by differing concentrations of fuel (lean, stoichiometric, and rich) via microwave-assisted combustion route. The effect of fuel content was used to explore their chemical, electrical, and nonlinear optical properties along with their antibacterial activity of the as-prepared Ni/Zn/ferrite NPs were studied. The XRD assures the cubic crystal structure of prepared NPs with no secondary phase. It is also clear that as lattice parameters increases, the mean crystallite size decreases as a change in fuel ratio. The optical energy bandgap values are estimated as 2.88, 3.28, and 3.0 eV, respectively. From the luminescence spectra, the Ni/Zn ferrite NPs exhibits strong green emission and weak violet emission color. The fuel ratio has a significant influence on the electronic polarizability properties of synthesized NPs. Closed and open aperture Z-scan technique reveals that the Ni/Zn ferrites NPs have self-defocusing nature, and reverse saturable absorption. The calculated values are NLA coefficients (10-5 cmW−1), NLR index (10−9 cm2W−1), and third-order NLO susceptibility χ(3) values of fuel lean (1.408 × 10−5 esu), stoichiometric (2.75 × 10−6 esu), and rich (2.634 × 10−5 esu). Several identified microorganisms such as gram + Ve (S. aureus, B. cereus), and gram -Ve (P. aeruginosa, V. cholerae, and E. coli) have been tested for antibacterial activity against Ni/Zn ferrite nanoparticles. The ZOI values are 27 (lean), 24 (stoichiometric), and 25 mm (rich) which suggest great antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative bacterium. However, this study shows excellent feasibility of applying prepared ferrite nanoparticles for optoelectronic devices and pharmaceutical processing applications.

ZnO-NiO nanocomposite with epoxy coating on mild steel has been fabricated by the sol&ndash, gel assisted method. The synthesized sample was used to study corrosion protection. The analysis was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5% NaCl solution. The structural and morphological characterization of the metal oxide nanocomposite was carried out using XRD and SEM with Energy Dispersive Absorption X-ray (EDAX) analysis. XRD reveals the ZnO-NiO (hexagonal and cubic) structure with an average ZnO-NiO crystallite size of 26 nm. SEM/EDAX analysis of the ZnO-NiO nanocomposite confirms that the chemical composition of the samples consists of: Zn (8.96 &plusmn, 0.11 wt.%), Ni (10.53 &plusmn, 0.19 wt.%) and O (80.51 &plusmn, 3.12 wt.%). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) authenticated that the corrosion resistance has improved for the nanocomposites of ZnO-NiO coated along with epoxy on steel in comparison to that of the pure epoxy-coated steel.

The bioactive components of the methanol leaf extract of E. acaulis were distinguished by GC-MS analysis. For antioxidant activity the greatest DPPH and ABTS searching activity was acquired in 84.47 and 85.25%, individually. Further, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized utilizing leaf extract of E. acaulis and to research the antibacterial and cytotoxic movement against A549 cells. The synthesis of AgNPs was too confirmed by UV analysis. The characteristics of the AgNPs were performed utilizing FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX analysis. XRD exhibits the confirmed cubic crystalline nature of the AgNPs. The FTIR peaks at 3296, 1635, and 520 cm−1 are corresponding to phenols, alkenes, and amide groups. SEM images confirmed the cuboid shape of the AgNPs and its average size is 5–100 nm. The combined AgNPs were found to show the potential antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microscopic organisms. Particularly, the high zone of inhibition (14 mm) was against in S. epidermidis. In vitro cell viability (MTT) examined revealed that the result of AgNPs on A549 cell lines. The IC50 estimation of AgNPs treated A549 cell line as 79.6 μg/mL. Moreover, the larvicidal movement of AgNPs was considered on the fourth instar hatchings of filariasis mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus.

Metal oxide nanoparticles and its hybrids are deemed to be one of the most attractive materials in an extensive range of applications due to their impressive optical, electronic, photocatalytic, and biological properties. Metal oxide based nanomaterials with extraordinary characteristics have been proposed, prepared, and used as main materials in the recent area of photocatalysis and biomedicine, due to their non-toxic nature, large specific surface area, useful optical bandgap, and high biological activity. Herein, this review reveals the recent advance development in the area like photocatalytic, anticancer and antibacterial performance of metal oxide nanomaterials for multidimensional applications. Consequently, we also focused on the encountered difficulties and prospects for the future application of metal oxide-based composites as promising candidates for the development of highly efficient photocatalytic and biomedical systems. This review article also delivers advanced knowledge to the scientific community who intends to design efficient photocatalytic and biomedical systems.

Y-CGO [Yttria and Gadolinia co-doped ceria, prepared composition is Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-?�Ce0.8Y0.2O2-?] nanocomposite was prepared by wet-chemical synthesis for application in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFC) as an electrolyte by using basic materials (Rare-earth-based), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) [as precipitator material] and Cetyl Trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) [as surfactant]. DTA/TGA of the precursor compound indicated the completion of reaction at about 300�C. The formation of cubic structure observed as well crystalline and no secondary phase was revealed by the XRD. Ce-O bond is assigned in the sample revealed by FTIR. SEM analysis unveiled that the sample comprises spherical shaped and homogeneous with a grain size of about 100 nm. EDAX reveals the elemental composition of the sample. Impedance measurements have been made in voltage-1.3 volts and the frequency range � 42 Hz to 5 kHz. Better conductivity value is attained that may make this system appropriate for application as an electrolyte for LT-SOFCs. Scopus

CdO-MgO nanocomposite was synthesized and investigated using various spectroscopic techniques. The cubic structure of CdO-MgO nanocomposite with an average crystallite size 35 nm was confirmed through XRD. FTIR infers the characteristic vibrational frequencies as CdO-MgO (455, 527 cm−1). The optical bandgap of the prepared nanocomposite is 5.39 eV via the UV–vis spectrum. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CdO-MgO nanocomposite was analyzed under direct sunlight irradiation against the (Methylene blue: 90 % at 90 min & Congo red: 90 % at 120 min) dyes. The antimicrobial activity of prepared nanocomposite was scrutinized against foodborne pathogens. Anti-breast and lung cancer activity (IC50) of the synthesized nanocomposite was examined against the MCF-7 and A 549 cancer cell lines.