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A green-house experiment was conducted to investigate the efficiency of three heavy metal-tolerant plant growth promoting bacterial strains (HMT-PGPB) (Alcaligenes faecalis MG257493.1, Bacillus cereus MG257494.1 and Alcaligenes faecalis MG966440.1 to alleviate the heavy metal’s toxic effects on sorghum plant (Sorghum bicolor, L.) in addition to their ability to enhance plant growth. The oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments, growth characteristics, heavy metals uptake and heavy metals translocation factor (TF) were estimated in sorghum cultivated in soil contaminated with heavy metals under green-house conditions. Results showed that the application of these HTM-PGPB strains as biofertilizer of sorghum help plant to ignore the toxic effects of heavy metals and enhance growth characteristics.

In the present study, Lactoperoxidase system (LPS) was activated in fresh cow’s milk. The pH and acidity of treated milk were followed during storage at room (32°C), incubator (37°C) and refrigerator (5 ±1°C) temperatures. The activation was done using SCN ◌and H2O2 or SCN ◌and Na2CO3.1.5 H2O2. The effect of activation on microbiological quality was also investigated. All the treatments greatly improved the keeping quality of milk at room or higher temperatures compared to the untreated samples. The best results were achieved by adding 14mg SCN /L: 2mL H2O2/L to cow’s milk. In addition, slight improvement in the keeping quality of the LP-activated milk was observed when the milk was kept in a refrigerator. kareish cheese was made from cow's milk preserved by the LPS and the effect of the LPS on the chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of kareish cheese storaged for 30 days was investigated. Kareish cheese made from LPactivated cow's milk was low in the total bacterial count when compared to cheese made from the untreated one (control). The LP treatment did not affect the overall chemical composition of the cheese. Activation of LP system allowed to produce of kareish cheese with high and keeping quality.

camel rennet was extracted from camel calf stomachs by the method used for bovine rennet. Coagulation of camel milk for the production of cheese has been proved to be difficult by the use of the available commercial rennet. Therefore that study was focused on the use of crude gastric enzymes extracted from different parts stomach at different ages (1, 3 and 5 years old). The non-purified gastric enzymes extracts from camels (GEC) different parts of stomach and at different ages were characterized by their rennin units (RU/g), milk clotting time (Sec.) and proteolytic activities. The conditions of milk clotting by the crude gastric enzymes extracted were optimized at different pH 5.5, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5 and rennin units (RU/g). The results concluded that the extracting solution from the behind part of the stomach was the greatest rennin units (RU/g), milk clotting time (Sec.) and proteolytic activities compared with the extracting solution from the front part of the stomach pH4.5. The good substitute for calves' rennet can be obtained from the dried vells of camel and can be named adult camel rennet.

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of heat treatments and seasons of year on immunoglobulin, lactoferrin and lysozyme contents in camel's, cow's and buffalo's milk. The milk samples were heat treated at 63, 72, and 95°C for 30 min., 15 sec. and 15 min. respectively. Camel's milk contained significantly higher amounts of immunoglobulin (IG), lactoferrin (LF) and lysozyme (LZ) than cow's and buffalo's milk. Heating milk at 63°C /30 min. had significant effect on lysozyme and lactoferrin. While the immunoglobulin was more affected in the three kinds of milk. The amounts of immunoglobulin of cow's and buffalo's milk were observed at 72°C /15 sec. compared with camel's immunoglobulin. The amounts of lactoferrin were lost at 95°C /15 min. in all kinds of milk. However, at this level of heat treatment, the losses of lysozyme at 95°C /15 min. were 0.12 ± 0.18, 0.06 ± 0.17 and 0.02 ± 0.14 ug/ml for camel's, cow's and buffalo's milk, respectively. When milk was heated at 95°C /15 min. camel's milk protective proteins were relatively more heat resistant than cow's and buffalo's milk proteins. It was found that the heat resistance for lysozyme > lactoferrin > immunoglobulin. The amounts of milk protective proteins were higher in winter for all kinds of milk, compared with summer milk.

A consortium of three heavy metals tolerant-plant growth promoting bacteria (HMT-PGPB) (Bacillus cereus MG257494.1, Alcaligenes faecalis MG966440.1 and Alcaligenes faecalis MG257493.1) was tested for its beneficial effects on microbial activities in sorghum’ rhizosphere (Sorghum vulgare L.). Moreover their ability to reduce heavy metals bioaccumulation in soil and plant during two successive experiments achieved in vitro and green-house. Firstly, the activities of HMT-PGPB consortium were estimated in vitro under mixture of four heavy metals (copper, cadmium, lead, zinc) at two concentrations (1000 and 1500 mgL−1), to confirm its heavy metal tolerance and plant growth promoting ability, then applied as a biofertilizer for sorghum cultivated in soil contaminated with heavy metals. In vitro results, no antagonism among the tested stains was observed and the HMT-PGPB consortium produced all estimated compounds. Greenhouse results proved that the inoculation of sorghum with HMT-PGPB consortium enhanced the microbial activities like increasing dehydrogenase activity (DHA), reduction of heavy metal bioaccumulation in roots and plants and regulate heavy metals bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in rhizosphere and plant. Moreover, the inoculation of sorghum with HMT-PGPB consortium increased the microbial activities and reduced the accumulation of heavy metals in soil, besides decrease BAF values in rhizosphere and plant. The importance of this study, is that enable us to cultivate the contaminated soils with heavy metals and not neglect large areas of such soils with reducing the environmental pollution, through the inoculation of plants by bacterial consortia, that can remove the polluting elements and at the same time stimulate plant growth.

This study was designed under laboratory conditions to isolate, identify and characterize some cadmium-tolerant bacteria from heavy metals-contaminated regions of Egypt. These regions included three sites along Al-Rahawy drain, Giza Governorate and two agricultural soils from Kaluybia Governorate, Egypt. Three of sixty-nine cadmium-tolerant bacterial isolates were evident as the most tolerant isolates for cadmium according to the MIC and MTC tests. Results proved that MR99, MR100, and MR108 were able to grow on medium supplemented with cadmium at 2000 mg/l and inhibited at 2500 mg/l. After that, their ability to tolerate other heavy metals (copper, zinc, and lead) was evaluated and resulted in two highest tolerant isolates namely MR99 and MR108 which able to tolerate all four tested heavy metals at different concentrations. These isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus MG257494.1 (MR99) and Alcaligenes faecalis MG966440.1 (MR108) according to the morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA partial sequence. Then, their biosorption potentials under different pH values in media supplemented with four heavy metals at 1000 mg/l were examined in addition to their enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities.

This study aimed to evaluate three heavy metal tolerant bacterial strains (HMTB) namely Alcaligenes faecalis MG257493.1, Bacillus cereus MG257494.1 and Alcaligenes faecalis MG966440.1 as antioxidant agents and plant growth promotors under laboratory conditions. Their abilities to inhibit 2,2-DiPhenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) as non-enzymatic antioxidant activity and produce plant growth promoters (indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), salicylic acid (SA), proline (Pro.), sidrophores, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and biosurfactant) were estimated in presence of four heavy metals Zinc (Zn2+) cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) at 1000 and 1500 mg/l. Results showed that the antioxidant activities of three strains were increased with the increasing of heavy metals concentration. All tested strains were able to produce all estimated plant growth promoters in the presence or absence of heavy metals and the highest amounts of all compounds were recorded in media free of heavy metals and decreased with the increasing of heavy metals concentration. Also, results proved that the three evaluated strains were considered as heavy metal tolerant-plant growth promoting bacteria (HMT-PGPB) and have beneficial characteristics for remediating the contaminated mine tailing soil.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynaecologic malignancies with an increasing incidence worldwide; there is an increasing need for the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers in EOC patients. Given the key role of angiogenesis and growth factors in the biology of tumorigenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered a milestone in the process of ovarian cancer progression and invasiveness. Authors aimed in the present study to evaluate the relevance of serum level of VEGF with clinicopathological parameters in patients with EOC. VEGF is reported to be correlated with variable parameters in EOC patients including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification, lymph nodal involvement and ascites formation. In the following review, authors discussed these correlations and distinguished the possible future role of VEGF as a promising prognostic biomarker for EOC patients.

Objective This study aimed to compare the effect of sildenafil citrate on pulsatility index of uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries to that of nitroglycerine in cases of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Background IUGR is one of the most common and serious complications of pregnancy. Sildenafil citrate and nitroglycerine are emerging as potential candidates for the treatment of IUGR through improving uteroplacental blood flow. Participants and methods Ninety singleton pregnancies, with IUGR and abnormal uterine and umbilical arteries Doppler, were included in the study and randomized into three groups to receive either oral sildenafil citrate (50 mg), a transdermal nitroglycerine patch (10 mg), or placebo. Maternal mean arterial blood pressure and the pulsatility index (PI) of uterine (Ut.A), umbilical (UA) and fetal middle cerebral (MCA) arteries were measured before and two hours after application of drugs. Results A significant reduction of Ut.A-PI occurred after application of both sildenafil citrate (16.7%, P = 0.001) and nitroglycerine (18.7%, P = 0.001). UA-PI also showed a significant decrease with both sildenafil citrate (17.8%, P = 0.001) and nitroglycerine (17.03%, P = 0.001), with no significant difference between the two drugs. No changes were observed in Doppler velocimetry in the placebo group, and no significant change in MCA-PI was observed in any group. Maternal arterial blood pressure decreased significantly with administration of both sildenafil citrate and nitroglycerine. Conclusion Sildenafil citrate has an effect similar to nitroglycerine in improving Doppler indices and blood flow of uterine and umbilical arteries in growth-restricted fetuses.

A microbiological agar plate method has been used for comparatively measuring the release of each carbenicillin and gentamicin from eighteen ointment bases for possible ophthalmic use. A significant difference in the antibiotic releasing ability of the various bases was observed. No one base was found to be consistently superior with each antibiotic tested. All the eight best bases, except one base, were composed of castor oil gelled by hydrogenated castor oil, Aerosil or white wax and may contain cetyl alcohol, Span 80, Span 40, wool alcohols, glyceryl monostearate and cetostearyl alcohol as wetting and spreading agents.