61 results on '"Filippo Renò"'
Search Results
2. Clodronate Reduces ATP-Containing Microvesicle Releasing Induced by Nociceptive Stimuli in Human Keratinocytes
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Filippo Renò, Marco De Andrea, Stefano Raviola, Mario Migliario, and Marco Invernizzi
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pain ,ATP ,keratinocyte ,microvescicles ,clodronate ,VNUT ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Clodronate (Clod), a first-generation bisphosphonate, acts as a natural analgesic inhibiting vesicular storage of the nociception mediator ATP by vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT). Epidermal keratinocytes participate in cutaneous nociception, accumulating ATP within vesicles, which are released following different stimulations. Under stress conditions, keratinocytes produce microvesicles (MVs) by shedding from plasma membrane evagination. MV secretion has been identified as a novel and universal mode of intercellular communication between cells. The aim of this project was to evaluate if two nociceptive stimuli, Capsaicin and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), could stimulate MV shedding from human keratinocytes, if these MVs could contain ATP, and if Clod could inhibit this phenomenon. In our cellular model, the HaCaT keratinocyte monolayer, both Capsaicin and KOH stimulated MV release after 3 h incubation, and the released MVs contained ATP. Moreover, Clod (5 µM) was able to reduce Caps-induced MV release and abolish the one KOH induced, while the Dansylcadaverine, an endocytosis inhibitor of Clod uptake, partially failed to block the bisphosphonate activity. Based on these new data and given the role of the activation of ATP release by keratinocytes as a vehicle for nociception and pain, the “old” bisphosphonate Clodronate could provide the pharmacological basis to develop new local analgesic drugs.
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- 2024
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3. Polydopamine Blending Increases Human Cell Proliferation in Gelatin–Xanthan Gum 3D-Printed Hydrogel
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Preetham Yerra, Mario Migliario, Sarah Gino, Maurizio Sabbatini, Monica Bignotto, Marco Invernizzi, and Filippo Renò
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polydopamine ,bioprinting ,hydrogel ,fibroblast ,keratinocyte ,cell proliferation ,Science ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Inorganic chemistry ,QD146-197 ,General. Including alchemy ,QD1-65 - Abstract
Background: Gelatin–xanthan gum (Gel–Xnt) hydrogel has been previously modified to improve its printability; now, to increase its ability for use as cell-laden 3D scaffolds (bioink), polydopamine (PDA), a biocompatible, antibacterial, adhesive, and antioxidant mussel-inspired biopolymer, has been added (1–3% v/v) to hydrogel. Methods: Control (CT) and PDA-blended hydrogels were used to print 1 cm2 grids. The hydrogels’ printability, moisture, swelling, hydrolysis, and porosity were tested after glutaraldehyde (GTA) crosslinking, while biocompatibility was tested using primary human-derived skin fibroblasts and spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Keratinocyte or fibroblast suspension (100 µL, 2.5 × 105 cells) was combined with an uncrosslinked CT and PDA blended hydrogel to fabricate cylinders (0.5 cm high, 1 cm wide). These cylinders were then cross-linked and incubated for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The presence of cells within various hydrogels was assessed using optical microscopy. Results and discussion: PDA blending did not modify the hydrogel printability or physiochemical characteristics, suggesting that PDA did not interfere with GTA crosslinking. On the other hand, PDA presence strongly accelerated and increased both fibroblast and keratinocyte growth inside. This effect seemed to be linked to the adhesive abilities of PDA, which improve cell adhesion and, in turn, proliferation. Conclusions: The simple PDA blending method described could help in obtaining a new bioink for the development of innovative 3D-printed wound dressings.
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- 2024
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4. ICOSL Stimulation by ICOS-Fc Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing In Vivo
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Ian Stoppa, Casimiro Luca Gigliotti, Nausicaa Clemente, Deepika Pantham, Chiara Dianzani, Chiara Monge, Chiara Puricelli, Roberta Rolla, Salvatore Sutti, Filippo Renò, Renzo Boldorini, Elena Boggio, and Umberto Dianzani
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ICOS:ICOSL system ,wound healing ,reparative macrophages ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Background: ICOS and its ligand ICOSL are immune receptors whose interaction triggers bidirectional signals that modulate the immune response and tissue repair. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo effects of ICOSL triggering by ICOS-Fc, a recombinant soluble form of ICOS, on skin wound healing. Methods: The effect of human ICOS-Fc on wound healing was assessed, in vitro, and, in vivo, by skin wound healing assay using ICOS−/− and ICOSL−/− knockout (KO) mice and NOD-SCID-IL2R null (NSG) mice. Results: We show that, in wild type mice, treatment with ICOS-Fc improves wound healing, promotes angiogenesis, preceded by upregulation of IL-6 and VEGF expression; increases the number of fibroblasts and T cells, whereas it reduces that of neutrophils; and increases the number of M2 vs. M1 macrophages. Fittingly, ICOS-Fc enhanced M2 macrophage migration, while it hampered that of M1 macrophages. ICOS−/− and ICOSL−/− KO, and NSG mice showed delayed wound healing, and treatment with ICOS-Fc improved wound closure in ICOS−/− and NSG mice. Conclusion: These data show that the ICOS/ICOSL network cooperates in tissue repair, and that triggering of ICOSL by ICOS-Fc improves cutaneous wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and recruitment of reparative macrophages.
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- 2022
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5. 3D Bioprinting of Gelatin–Xanthan Gum Composite Hydrogels for Growth of Human Skin Cells
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Beatrice Piola, Maurizio Sabbatini, Sarah Gino, Marco Invernizzi, and Filippo Renò
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bioprinting ,hydrogel ,xanthan gum ,gelatin ,biocompatibility ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In recent years, bioprinting has attracted much attention as a potential tool for generating complex 3D biological constructs capable of mimicking the native tissue microenvironment and promoting physiologically relevant cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. The aim of the present study was to develop a crosslinked 3D printable hydrogel based on biocompatible natural polymers, gelatin and xanthan gum at different percentages to be used both as a scaffold for cell growth and as a wound dressing. The CellInk Inkredible 3D printer was used for the 3D printing of hydrogels, and a glutaraldehyde solution was tested for the crosslinking process. We were able to obtain two kinds of printable hydrogels with different porosity, swelling and degradation time. Subsequently, the printed hydrogels were characterized from the point of view of biocompatibility. Our results showed that gelatin/xanthan-gum bioprinted hydrogels were biocompatible materials, as they allowed both human keratinocyte and fibroblast in vitro growth for 14 days. These two bioprintable hydrogels could be also used as a helpful dressing material.
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- 2022
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6. Verteporfin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles’ Topical Applications Inhibit Mouse Melanoma Lymphangiogenesis and Micrometastasis In Vivo
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Nausicaa Clemente, Ivana Miletto, Enrica Gianotti, Maurizio Sabbatini, Marco Invernizzi, Leonardo Marchese, Umberto Dianzani, and Filippo Renò
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melanoma ,lymphoangiogenesis ,micrometastasis ,photodynamic therapy ,verteporfin ,mesoporous silica nanoparticles ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been pointed out as a candidate for improving melanoma treatment. Nanotechnology application in PDT has increased its efficacy by reducing side effects. Herein, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) conjugated with verteporfin (Ver-MSNs), in use with PDT, were administered in mice to evaluate their efficacy on lymphoangiogenesis and micrometastasis in melanoma. Melanoma was induced in mice by the subcutaneous injection of B16-F10 cells. The mice were transcutaneously treated with MSNs, Ver-MSNs, or glycerol and exposed to red light. The treatment was carried out four times until day 20. Lymphangiogenesis and micrometastasis were identified by the immunohistochemical method. Lymphoangiogenesis was halved by MSN treatment compared with the control animals, whereas the Ver-MSN treatment almost abolished it. A similar reduction was also observed in lung micrometastasis. PDT with topically administrated Ver-MSNs reduced melanoma lymphoangiogenesis and lung micrometastasis, as well as tumor mass and angiogenesis, and therefore their use could be an innovative and useful tool in melanoma clinical therapy.
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- 2021
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7. Immunotherapy of experimental melanoma with ICOS-Fc loaded in biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles
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Roberta Cavalli, Filippo Renò, Monica Argenziano, Chiara Dianzani, Giuseppe Cappellano, Maria Josè Rojo, Benedetta Ferrara, Nausicaa Clemente, Francesco Trotta, Fabrizio Caldera, Annalisa Chiocchetti, Gianluca Miglio, Umberto Dianzani, Elena Boggio, Davide Raineri, Junji Yagi, Maria Teresa Capucchio, Luca Gigliotti, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Fondazione ONLUS Amici di Jean, Fondazione Cariplo, Clemente, Nausicaa [0000-0002-9860-0148], Boggio, Elena [0000-0003-2700-3597], Gigliotti, Luca Casimiro [0000-0002-3127-5686], Raineri, Davide [0000-0003-3327-6305], Ferrara, Benedetta [0000-0002-2569-5115], Miglio, Gianluca [0000-0002-6602-2099], Argenziano, Monica [h0000-0002-8485-7460], Chiocchetti, Annalisa [0000-0002-4349-1087], Cappellano, Giuseppe [0000-0001-5193-4688], Caldera, Fabrizio [0000-0003-2581-0555], Capucchio, Maria Teresa [0000-0002-1068-0551], Yagi, Junji [0000-0002-0254-4760], Rojo, José María [0000-0001-9032-0072], Renò, Filippo [0000-0003-2410-4966], Cavalli, Roberta [0000-0002-2600-0661], Dianzani, Chiara [0000-0002-2246-3183], Dianzani, Umberto [0000-0001-6723-3931], Clemente, Nausicaa, Boggio, Elena, Gigliotti, Luca Casimiro, Raineri, Davide, Ferrara, Benedetta, Miglio, Gianluca, Argenziano, Monica, Chiocchetti, Annalisa, Cappellano, Giuseppe, Caldera, Fabrizio, Capucchio, Maria Teresa, Yagi, Junji, Rojo, José María, Renò, Filippo, Cavalli, Roberta, Dianzani, Chiara, and Dianzani, Umberto
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medicine.medical_treatment ,Melanoma, Experimental ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Controlled release ,ICOS-L ,Melanoma ,PLGA nanoparticles ,β-Cyclodextrin nanosponges ,02 engineering and technology ,Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein ,Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,Combination cancer therapy ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,Immunity, Cellular ,0303 health sciences ,Tumor microenvironment ,Chemistry ,FOXP3 ,Immunotherapy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Acquired immune system ,PLGA ,Cancer research ,Nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
13 p.-7 fig.-1 tab., Inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) upon binding to its ligand (ICOSL) mediates adaptive immunity and antitumor response. Thus, antitumor therapies targeting the ICOS/ICOSL pathway hold great promise for cancer treatment. In this regard, ICOSL triggering by a soluble recombinant form of ICOS (ICOS-Fc) hampered adhesiveness and migration of dendritic, endothelial, and tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with ICOS-Fc previously showed the capability to inhibit lung metastatization of ICOSL+ B16-F10 melanoma cells when injected intravenously in mice, but it failed to block the growth of established subcutaneous B16-F10 murine tumors. Thus, we asked whether passive targeting of solid tumors with ICOS-Fc-loaded biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) could instead prove effectiveness in reducing tumor growth. Here, ICOS-Fc was loaded in two types of polymer nanoparticles, i.e. cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs and in vitro characterized. In vivo experiments showed that treatment of C57BL6/J mice with ICOS-Fc loaded into the two nanoformulations inhibits the growth of established subcutaneous B16-F10 tumors. This anticancer activity appears to involve both anti-angiogenic and immunoregulatory effects, as shown by decreased tumor vascularization and downmodulation of IL-10 and Foxp3, two markers of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Overall, the substantial in vivo anticancer activity of ICOS-Fc-loaded CDNS and PLGA NPs against different components of the tumor microenvironment makes these nanoformulations attractive candidates for future combination cancer therapy., This work was supported by the Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (IG 20714, AIRC, Milano), Fondazione Amici di Jean (Torino), and Fondazione Cariplo (2017–0535).
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- 2020
8. Charged polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes trigger in vitro METosis via both oxidative stress and autophagy
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Filippo Renò, Vincenzo Rocchetti, Manuela Rizzi, Mario Migliario, Stelvio Tonello, Fabio Carniato, and Leonardo Marchese
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Lipopolysaccharides ,0301 basic medicine ,Extracellular Traps ,Lipopolysaccharide ,media_common.quotation_subject ,02 engineering and technology ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,In Vitro Techniques ,medicine.disease_cause ,Endocytosis ,Monocytes ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Autophagy ,medicine ,Humans ,Organosilicon Compounds ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Internalization ,media_common ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Macrophages ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Biophysics ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,0210 nano-technology ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Aims Monocytes/macrophages are essential in innate immune response against pathogens also because their ability to release extracellular traps named METs (monocytes/macrophages extracellular traps). These structures are composed of DNA fibers decorated with nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and their production process is called METosis. In this study attention has been focused on the ability of differently charged molecular systems (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, POSS positively or negatively charged) to induce METosis. Main methods METs formation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (250 μg/ml, positive control) and POSS positive and negative (0.05–1 mg/ml) treatment. METs were visualized and quantified by confocal microscopy using Sytox green staining. Oxidative stress, autophagy, as well as endocytosis involvement in the POSS induced METosis was evaluated. Key findings Results obtained indicate a POSS positive or negative dose dependent ability in inducing MET release independently to their charge and that this phenomenon is a consequence of POSS +/− internalization. Moreover, studies using many reactive oxidative species (ROS) blockers and autophagy inhibitor showed a strong reduction in POSS induced METosis indicating their involvement. Significance POSS +/− induce extracellular traps production in human monocytes/macrophages by oxidative and autophagic pathway.
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- 2017
9. Verteporfin based silica nanoparticle for in vitro selective inhibition of human highly invasive melanoma cell proliferation
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Bianca Martins Estevão, Manuela Rizzi, Filippo Renò, Leonardo Marchese, Enrica Gianotti, and Stelvio Tonello
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0301 basic medicine ,Porphyrins ,Biophysics ,Nanotechnology ,Endocytosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Photosensitizer ,Melanoma ,Cell Proliferation ,Photosensitizing Agents ,Radiation ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,Verteporfin ,Silicon Dioxide ,medicine.disease ,HaCaT ,030104 developmental biology ,Photochemotherapy ,Cell culture ,Cancer research ,Nanoparticles ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Nanocarriers ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Photodinamic therapy (PDT) has gained an increasing interest as a new tool to treat skin cancers such as melanoma. This clinical approach take advantage from the combination of a photosensitizer and a specific light wavelength able to induce singlet oxygen production. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely investigated as drug nanocarriers as their structure and morphology could be customized to produce suitable nanoplatforms enabling high cargo capacity. In the present study MSNs were successfully conjugated with the second generation photosensitizer verteporfin and the resulting nanoplatform (Ver-MSNs) was tested in an in vitro PDT model as a potential tool for melanoma treatment. Ver-MSNs based PDT did not affect cell proliferation of neither a normal human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) or a low mestastatic melanoma cell line (A375P). On the other hand Ver-MSNs based PDT deeply affect the highly invasive SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell line behavior, as testified by the strong reduction in cell proliferation along with the dramatic change in cellular morphology, through a nanoparticle internalization dependent mechanism. In fact, experiments performed in the presence of endocytosis inhibitors (chlorpromazine and amiloride) resulted in an attenuation of Ver-MSNs based PDT induced cell death, along with a recover in cellular morphology. MSN doped with verteporfin could thus represent a promising and useful tool for PDT treatment of highly invasive melanoma.
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- 2017
10. Verteporfin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles inhibit mouse melanoma proliferation in vitro and in vivo
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Enrica Gianotti, Filippo Renò, Ivana Miletto, Marco Invernizzi, Nausicaa Clemente, Leonardo Marchese, and Umberto Dianzani
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Light ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030303 biophysics ,Biophysics ,Melanoma, Experimental ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Photodynamic therapy ,02 engineering and technology ,Melanocyte ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Photosensitizer ,Cell Proliferation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Reactive oxygen species ,Drug Carriers ,Radiation ,Photosensitizing Agents ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Chemistry ,Melanoma ,Verteporfin ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Silicon Dioxide ,In vitro ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Photochemotherapy ,Cancer research ,Female ,0210 nano-technology ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Porosity ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal tumors among the skin cancers, arising from complex genetic mutations in melanocyte. Melanoma microenvironment is very heterogeneous, showing complex vascular networks and immunogenicity, as well as induced acquired resistance to treatments by upregulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms. Different studies have showed that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) could be considered a new potential approach for melanoma treatment. PDT combines a light with a specific wavelength and a photosensitizer: when these two elements interact reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated leading to tumor cell destruction. In this study verteporfin (Ver), a second-generation photosensitizer, has been conjugated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs): the resulting Ver-MSNs are an efficient nanoplatforms used to enhance cargo capacity and cellular uptake. Our in vitro and in vivo studies investigated whether Ver-MSNs were able to reduce or inhibit melanoma growth. In vitro experiments performed using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells showed that Ver-MSNs stimulated by red light (693 nm) significantly decreased in vitro cells proliferation in a range of concentration between 0.1 μg/ml to 10 μg/ml. When Ver-MSNs (5 μg/ml in glycerol) were topically administrated to melanoma tumor mass developed in mice and stimulated by red light for four times in 16 days, they were able to reduce the tumor mass of 50.2 ± 6,6% compared to the untreated (only glycerol) mice. In the light of this information, PDT performed using Ver-MSNs could be considered a new promising and potential approach to treat melanoma.
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- 2019
11. Functionalization of 3D Polylactic Acid Sponge Using Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma
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Miriam Biasizzo, Mina Errahali, Leonardo Marchese, D. D’Angelo, Filippo Renò, and Giorgio Gatti
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010302 applied physics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Atmospheric pressure ,Article Subject ,Biomolecule ,Infrared spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Polylactic acid ,0103 physical sciences ,Surface modification ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Diffuse reflection ,0210 nano-technology ,Porosity - Abstract
The deposition of organic functionalities on biomaterials to immobilize biomolecules is a research area of great interest in the medical field. The surface functionalization of a 3D porous scaffolds of PDLLA with carboxyl (-COOH) and amino (-NH2) groups by cold plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure is described in this paper. Two methods of continuous and pulsed plasma deposition were compared to assess the degree of functionalization of the internal porous 3D scaffold. In particular, the pulsed plasma treatment was found to functionalize uniformly not only the sample surface but also inside the open cavities thanks to its permeability and diffusion in the porous 3D scaffold. The species developed in the plasma were studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique, while the functionalization of the sponges was evaluated by the Diffuse Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DR-FTIR) technique using also the adsorption of ammonia (NH3) and deuterated water (D2O) probe molecules. The functional groups were deposited only on the front of the sponge, then the structural characterization of both front and back of the sponge has demonstrated the uniform functionalization of the entire scaffold.
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- 2019
12. Verteporfin based silica nanoplatform for photodynamic therapy
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Filippo Renò, Leonardo Marchese, B. Martins Estevão, Ivana Miletto, Enrica Gianotti, and Stelvio Tonello
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Materials science ,genetic structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Nanoparticle ,Nanotechnology ,Photodynamic therapy ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Tissue penetration ,HeLa ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,biology ,Singlet oxygen ,General Chemistry ,Mesoporous silica ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Verteporfin ,eye diseases ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A highly efficient nanoplatform for photodynamic therapy was obtained by covalent conjugation of verteporfin with mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Verteporfin has an intense absorption band in the red region of the Vis spectrum ensuring a deeper tissue penetration; this feature makes verteporfin-based formulations particularly attractive for in vivo PDT applications. The verteporfin loading, dispersion and efficiency in the photoproduction and delivery of singlet oxygen (1O2) were carefully evaluated. In vitro tests have evidenced that the optimized nanoplatform is able to largely reduce HeLa cell proliferation after red-light irradiation.
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- 2016
13. Evaluation of serum myostatin and sclerostin levels in chronic spinal cord injured patients
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Elisa Grana, Diletta Francesca Squarzanti, Marco Invernizzi, Filippo Renò, Manuela Rizzi, Carlo Cisari, Stefano Carda, and Claudio Molinari
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Adult ,Genetic Markers ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Statistics as Topic ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Myostatin ,Severity of Illness Index ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Movement Disorders ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,musculoskeletal system ,Spinal cord ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ,Chronic Disease ,biology.protein ,Sclerostin ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Blood Chemical Analysis - Abstract
Case-control study.To assess serum myostatin levels, bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and serum sclerostin levels in chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients and healthy controls.SCI centre in Italy.Blood samples, whole-body bioelectrical impedance analysis and BMD measurement with the ultrasound technique at the calcaneus level were taken from patients suffering from chronic SCI (both motor complete and incomplete) and healthy control subjects.A total of 28 SCI patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum myostatin levels were statistically higher (P0.01) in SCI patients compared with healthy controls. Similar results were found comparing both the motor complete and the motor incomplete SCI subgroups to healthy controls. Serum sclerostin was significantly higher in patients with SCI compared with healthy controls (P0.01). BMD, stiffness and mean T-score values in SCI patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Serum myostatin concentrations in the motor complete SCI subgroups correlated only with serum sclerostin levels (r(2)=0.42; P=0.001) and ASMM (r(2)=0.70; P=0.002) but not in healthy controls.Serum myostatin and serum sclerostin are significantly higher in chronic SCI patients compared with healthy controls. They are potential biomarkers of muscle and bone modifications after SCI. This is the first study reporting an increase in serum myostatin in patients suffering from chronic SCI and a correlation with ASMM.
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- 2015
14. Photobiomodulation induces in vitro re-epithelialization via nitric oxide production
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Mario Migliario, Filippo Renò, Manuela Rizzi, Stelvio Tonello, and Vincenzo Rocchetti
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Keratinocytes ,Stimulation ,Dermatology ,Nitric Oxide ,Cofactor ,Nitric oxide ,Cell Line ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Re-Epithelialization ,Cell Movement ,Protein biosynthesis ,Humans ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Low-Level Light Therapy ,Cell Proliferation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,biology ,Substrate (chemistry) ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Enzyme ,NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Surgery ,Nitric Oxide Synthase - Abstract
Photobiomodulation is a widely used tool in regenerative medicine thanks to its ability to modulate a plethora of physiological responses. Wound re-epithelialization is strictly regulated by locally produced chemical mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive free radical generated by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymatic family. In this study, it has been hypothesized that a 980-nm low-level laser stimulation could increase NO production in human keratinocytes and that such event might be directly related to the re-epithelialization process. Human keratinocytes were irradiated with increasing energy outputs (10–75 J) in the absence or presence of L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor. Laser stimulation induced an increase in NO production, resulting in an energy-dependent increase in both keratinocytes proliferation and re-epithelialization ability. The direct link between increased NO production and the observed physiological responses was confirmed by their inhibition in L-NAME pre-treated samples. Since NO production increase is a quick event, it is conceivable that it is due to an increase in existing NOS activity rather than to a de novo protein synthesis. For this reason, it could be hypothesized that photobiomodulation-derived NO positive effects on keratinocytes behavior might rely on a near infrared mediated increase in NOS conformational stability and cofactors as well as substrate binding ability, finally resulting in an increased enzymatic activity.
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- 2017
15. An Efficient Rose Bengal Based Nanoplatform for Photodynamic Therapy
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Fabio Cucinotta, Enrica Gianotti, Filippo Renò, Bianca Martins Estevão, Noboru Hioka, Manuela Rizzi, and Leonardo Marchese
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Models, Molecular ,Rose Bengal ,Photosensitizing Agents ,Surface Properties ,Singlet oxygen ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Organic Chemistry ,Photodynamic therapy ,General Chemistry ,Mesoporous silica ,Photochemistry ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Photochemotherapy ,chemistry ,Xanthene dye ,Rose bengal ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Nanoparticles ,Cytotoxicity ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
Organically modified mesoporous silica nano- particles (MSNs) containing rose bengal (RB), a xanthene dye, were successfully synthesized. RB-modified MSNs have shown a relevant photostability and a high efficiency in the photoproduction and delivery of singlet oxygen ( 1 O2), which is particularly promising for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. In vitro tests have evidenced that RB-MSNs are able to reduce cell proliferation in one of the most aggressive skin cancer types (SK-MEL-28) after green-light irradiation.
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- 2014
16. Laser-induced osteoblast proliferation is mediated by ROS production
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Matteo Fanuli, Mario Migliario, Pamela Pittarella, Filippo Renò, and Manuela Rizzi
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Bone Regeneration ,Cell ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cell Line ,Biological pathway ,Mice ,medicine ,Animals ,Low-Level Light Therapy ,Bone regeneration ,Cell Proliferation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Osteoblasts ,Cell growth ,Cell Differentiation ,Osteoblast ,Cell biology ,Oxidative Stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,Immunology ,Surgery ,Lasers, Semiconductor ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is widely used in regenerative medicine and in dental therapy by virtue of its beneficial effects in a plethora of pathological conditions. In this study, the effect of a 980 nm diode laser on pre-osteoblasts proliferation has been evaluated, along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We hypothesized that ROS were a key factor in LLLT-induced pre-osteoblasts proliferation, as it is known that ROS can induce the activation of many biological pathways, leading to cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Murine pre-osteoblasts MC3T3 cells were irradiated with different energy outputs (1-50 J) in the absence or presence of the antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Laser treatment, in the absence of NAC, was able to induce a fluence-dependent statistically significant increase in ROS generation, while the presence of NAC strongly inhibited it. Cell proliferation, measured after laser stimulation, was significantly increased both at low and higher energy, with a peak at 10 J in the absence of the antioxidant. On the contrary, in the presence of NAC, laser irradiation was not able to induce any cell proliferation, suggesting a crucial role of ROS in this laser-induced cell effect. These results suggest that LLLT may be a useful tool for bone regeneration therapy and an effective range of fluences to be used is indicated.
- Published
- 2014
17. 1a,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) Induces NO-Dependent Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration in a Three-Dimensional Matrix
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Filippo Renò, Pamela Pittarella, Manuela Rizzi, Giovanni Vacca, Diletta Francesca Squarzanti, and Claudio Molinari
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ,Swine ,Physiology ,Endothelial cells ,1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Nitric Oxide ,lcsh:Physiology ,Umbilical vein ,Nitric oxide ,lcsh:Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Movement ,Enos ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Cell migration ,lcsh:QD415-436 ,Three-dimensional matrix ,Aorta ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell proliferation ,Cholecalciferol ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,Endothelial stem cell ,NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ,Endocrinology ,Cell culture ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,Wound healing - Abstract
Background/Aims: The 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Vit. D) induces eNOS dependent nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). To our knowledge, there are no reports directly relating Vit. D induced NO production to proliferation and/or migration in endothelial cells (EC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Vit. D addition to porcine EC could affect their proliferation and/or migration in a three-dimensional matrix via NO production. Materials and Methods: Porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAE) were used to evaluate Vit. D effects on cell proliferation and migration in a three-dimensional matrix. Results: Vit. D induced NO production in PAE cells. Moreover, it induced a significant increase in cellular proliferation and migration in a three-dimensional matrix. These effects were NO dependent, as inhibiting eNOS activity by L-NAME PAE migration was abrogated. This effect was strictly related to MMP-2 expression and apparently dependent on Vit. D and NO production. Conclusions: Vit. D can promote both endothelial cells proliferation and migration in a three-dimensional matrix via NO-dependent mechanisms. These findings cast new light on the role of Vit. D in the angiogenic process, suggesting new applications for Vit. D in such fields as tissue repair and wound healing.
- Published
- 2013
18. Low Zoledronate Concentrations Stimulate Human Keratinocyte Proliferation
- Author
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Manuela Rizzi, Mario Migliario, Filippo Renò, Pamela Pittarella, and Vincenzo Rocchetti
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Farnesyl pyrophosphate ,Filaggrin Proteins ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Zoledronic Acid ,Cell Line ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytokeratin ,Intermediate Filament Proteins ,Cell Movement ,medicine ,Humans ,Cell Proliferation ,Pharmacology ,Wound Healing ,Bone Density Conservation Agents ,Diphosphonates ,integumentary system ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,Imidazoles ,Cell migration ,General Medicine ,Dermatology ,HaCaT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Cancer research ,Keratin-5 ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,Keratinocyte ,Wound healing - Abstract
Aim: To evaluate, in an in vitro wound healing model, the effect of zoledronate on keratinocyte cellular behavior. -Materials and Methods: Human spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were treated with low zoledronate concentrations (10 nmol/l to 10 µmol/l) and its effect on cell proliferation was evaluated by means of a fluorescent assay (Tox-8), along with the analysis of cytokeratin 5 and filaggrin gene expression. Moreover, zoledronate effects on cell migration were evaluated by in vitro wound healing, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was investigated by gelatin zymography. Results: At the tested concentrations, zoledronate stimulated keratinocyte proliferation, upregulating cytokeratin 5 while downregulating filaggrin expression and wound healing ability, without any significant effect on MMP-9 activity. The lack of zoledronate effects on MMP-9 activity indicates that, in our experimental model, wound closure is mainly due to an increase in cell proliferation rather than an increase in cell migration. Moreover, the observed increase in cell proliferation could be ascribed to a zoledronate-mediated reduction of farnesyl pyrophosphate endogenous levels. Conclusions: These results could foster new clinical applications for this ‘old' drug in the field of epithelial regeneration.
- Published
- 2013
19. Poly (<scp>D,L</scp>) lactic acid blending with vitamin E increases polymer hemocompatibility: An hydrophilic effect
- Author
-
Geo Paul, Giorgio Gatti, Manuela Rizzi, Leonardo Marchese, and Filippo Renò
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Biocompatibility ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Vitamin E ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,equipment and supplies ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Lactic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polylactic acid ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Vitamin E Acetate ,Protein adsorption - Abstract
Biocompatible and resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) derived polymers are used for clinical applications. Antioxidant vitamin E (Vit.E) and vitamin E acetate (Vit.E Ac), a Vit.E commercial analog, were added to PLA during films preparation. Wettability, protein adsorption analysis, platelet adhesion and whole blood coagulation experiments highlighted that Vit.E incorporation improved PLA hemocompatibility. NMR analysis showed that Vit.E and Vit.E Ac blending differentially altered PLA polymer organization with Vit.E leading to the formation of microcavities, as observed by SEM analysis, while reducing surface hydrophobicity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
- Published
- 2012
20. POSS/gelatin-polyglutamic acid hydrogel composites: Preparation, biological and mechanical characterization
- Author
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Fabio Carniato, Filippo Renò, Diego Antonioli, Manuela Rizzi, Leonardo Marchese, and Michele Laus
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Biocompatibility ,Polyglutamic acid ,Young's modulus ,General Chemistry ,Adhesion ,Matrix (biology) ,Gelatin ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Adsorption ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,symbols ,medicine ,Swelling ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Novel hydrogel composites based on natural gelatin matrix and containing different loading of a water soluble octa-am- monium POSS (POSS-NH3 þ ), (from 0.5 to 2 wt%) have been prepared in this work and their biocompatibility and mechanical behavior have been tested. The presence of 1 wt% of POSS-NH3 þ molecules in the hydrogel matrix increased the amount of human plasma proteins adsorption and human keratinocyte adhesion at 24 hours. In addition, the presence of increasing amounts of POSS in the hydrogel matrix allowed to a significantly increase of the matrix swelling degree at acid and neutral pH. Finally, a significant modulation of the mechanical characteristics (Young modulus, strain at break) of the hydrogel matrix induced by the presence of dif- ferent amounts of POSS-NH3 þ was observed. The novel ability of POSS-NH3 þ to modulate both biological and mechanical proper- ties of a natural hydrogel could be useful for the production of new composites of interest for soft tissue engineering. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 129: 699-706, 2013
- Published
- 2012
21. Formaldehyde solutions in simulated sweat increase human melanoma but not normal human keratinocyte cells proliferation
- Author
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B. Cravello, Stelvio Tonello, Filippo Renò, and Manuela Rizzi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Keratinocytes ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Formaldehyde ,Stimulation ,Toxicology ,Cell Line ,Clothing ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Western blot ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Sweat ,Melanoma ,Carcinogen ,Cell Proliferation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,medicine.disease ,HaCaT ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Carcinogens - Abstract
Our skin is in close contact with clothes most of the time thus risking potentially noxious chemicals contact. One of the potentially harmful manufacturing by-products that can be released by textiles when sweating is formaldehyde, used as an anti-crease treatment. As it is known to be carcinogenic to humans and a potent skin sensitizer, the aim of this study was to investigate its effects on both normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and on a highly invasive malignant melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28) in order to contribute to the definition of safety cut-off to be applied to the production processes. Formaldehyde concentrations below the commonly accepted limits (10-50μM) were obtained by diluting formaldehyde in simulated sweat (UNI EN ISO 105-E04). The effects on cell proliferation were evaluated by cell counting, while ERK pathway activation was evaluated by western blot. Low concentrations of formaldehyde (10μM) in both acidic and alkaline simulated sweat were able to increase malignant melanoma cell proliferation, while not affecting normal keratinocytes. Melanoma proliferation increase was greater in acidic (pH=5.5) than in alkaline (pH=8) conditions. Moreover, formaldehyde stimulation was able to induce ERK pathway activation. The data obtained suggest the need for an even increasing attention to the potentially harmful effects of textile manufacturing by-products.
- Published
- 2016
22. In vitro toxicity of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on human keratinocytes proliferation
- Author
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Filippo Renò, Vincenzo Rocchetti, Mario Cannas, Manuela Rizzi, and Mario Migliario
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Toluidines ,Cell ,Dermatology ,Filaggrin Proteins ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Intermediate Filament Proteins ,Toxicity Tests ,Antimicrobial chemotherapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,In vitro ,HaCaT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Photochemotherapy ,Toxicity ,Cancer research ,Keratin-5 ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,Surgery ,Lasers, Semiconductor ,Wound healing - Abstract
This in vitro experimental study has been designed to assess the effects of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) on human keratinocytes proliferation. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) monolayers (∼0.5 cm(2)) have been irradiated with 635 nm red laser light with a fluence of 82.5 or 112.5 J/cm(2) in the absence or presence of toluidine (TB). Cell proliferation, monolayer area coverage, cytokeratin 5 (K5) and filaggrin (Fil) expression, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity were measured after 72 h from laser irradiation. HaCaT proliferation was reduced by TB staining. Cell exposure to both low- and high-fluence laser irradiation in both presence and absence of TB staining reduced their proliferation and monolayer area extension. Moreover both laser treatments were able to reduce K5 and Fil expression and MMP-9 production in keratinocytes not treated with TB. These data indicate that PACT could exert toxic effects on normal proliferating keratinocytes present around parodontal pockets. The observed reduced cell proliferation along with a reduced production of enzymes involved in wound healing could alter the clinical outcome of the patients treated with PACT.
- Published
- 2012
23. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) addition modifies P(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>)LA sponge degradation and protein release
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Mario Cannas, and Manuela Rizzi
- Subjects
Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,Polymers ,Polyesters ,medicine.medical_treatment ,alpha-Tocopherol ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biocompatible Materials ,Antioxidants ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Polylactic acid ,medicine ,Animals ,Vitamin E ,Organic chemistry ,Lactic Acid ,Tocopherol ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Tissue Scaffolds ,biology ,Hydrolysis ,Serum Albumin, Bovine ,Polymer ,biology.organism_classification ,Hydrolytic degradation ,Sponge ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Drug delivery ,Cattle ,Porosity - Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA)-derived polymers are widely used in many biotechnological fields, thanks to their biocompatibility and resorbability through natural pathways. Moreover, PLA is one of the few polymers in which both the properties and the stereochemical structure can be easily modified, making possible a specific ‘tailoring’ of the final polymer according to the desired use. In this study, we obtained, by salt leaching technique, P(d,l)LA sponges in which various concentrations of α-tocopherol (Vit. E 10–40%, w/w) were incorporated. Vit.E is a natural biological antioxidant, also known to have anti-inflammatory activity, which has been extensively used to improve biostability and biocompatibility of different biomaterials. To assess whether Vit.E could modify the main physical–chemical properties of P(d,l)LA sponges, their morphology, water uptake and hydrolytic degradation kinetics, along with protein loading and releasing attitudes, were investigated. Our results highlighted that incorporation of Vit.E into P(d,l)LA sponges modified the sponge morphology, decreased P(d,l)LA water uptake and degradation, and modified protein releasing kinetics. These Vit.E-related effects could make P(d,l)LA more suitable as drug delivery system and tissue engineering scaffold.
- Published
- 2011
24. Nicotine modulates gelatinase B (MMP-9) and epilysin (MMP-28) expression in reconstituted human oral epithelium
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Vincenzo Rocchetti, Mario Cannas, and Mario Migliario
- Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway ,Cancer Research ,Chemistry ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Molecular biology ,Epithelium ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nicotinic agonist ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Biochemistry ,Mecamylamine ,medicine ,Periodontics ,Zymography ,Oral Surgery ,Keratinocyte ,Protein kinase C ,medicine.drug - Abstract
J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40: 33–36 Oral epithelial keratinocytes express nicotinic cholinergic receptors which activation modulates keratinocytes differentiation and migration through different metabolic pathways. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are Zn-dependent enzyme involved in cell migration. Among them, gelatinase B (MMP-9) and epilysin (MMP-28) are two MMPs expressed by human keratinocytes during both wound healing and proliferation. Their expression has been investigated in a reconstituted human oral epithelium (HOE) exposed to nicotine (Nic, 1–50 μM) for 72 h both in the absence and presence of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (Mec), H7, a PKC inhibitor and PD98059, a MAPK inhibitor (PD). At the end of treatment, MMP-28 expression has been analyzed in epithelium sections using an anti-MMP-28 antibody, whereas MMP-9 presence and activity has been measured in cell-conditioned medium analyzed by gelatine zymography. The expression of MMP-9 was reduced by Nic in a dose-dependent fashion and this effect was antagonized by Mec, H7 and PD. On the other hand, Nic increased the expression of MMP-28, and this effect was blocked both by H7 and PD, whereas Mec even enforced it. Nic effects on MMP-9 and MMP-28 expression by oral keratinocytes were not previously reported and these data suggest MMPs expression mediated by PKC and MAPK as a possible target for Nic toxicity in oral epithelium.
- Published
- 2010
25. Near infrared low-level laser therapy and cell proliferation: The emerging role of redox sensitive signal transduction pathways
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Mario Migliario, Carmen Mortellaro, and Maurizio Sabbatini
- Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway ,Infrared Rays ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Biostimulation ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,Low-Level Light Therapy ,Low level laser therapy ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,General Engineering ,Radiant energy ,General Chemistry ,Laser ,Photobiology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Biophysics ,Signal transduction ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Lasers devices are widely used in various medical fields (eg, surgery, dermatology, dentistry, rehabilitative medicine, etc.) for different applications, ranging from surgical ablation of tissues to biostimulation and pain relief. Laser is an electromagnetic radiation, which effects on biological tissues strongly depends on a number of physical parameters. Laser wavelength, energy output, irradiation time and modality, temperature and tissue penetration properties have to be set up according to the clinical target tissue and the desired effect. A less than optimal operational settings, in fact, could result in a null or even lethal effect. According to the first law of photobiology, light absorption requires the presence of a specific photoacceptor that after excitation could induce the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Low-level lasers operating in the red/near infrared portion of the light spectra are generally used for biostimulation purposes, a particular therapeutic application based on the radiant energy ability to induce nonthermal responses in living cells. Biostimulation process generally promotes cell survival and proliferation. Emerging evidences support a low-level laser stimulation mediated increase in "good" reactive oxygen species, able to activate redox sensitive signal transduction pathways such as Nrf-2, NF-kB, ERK which act as key redox checkpoints.
- Published
- 2018
26. Haemocompatibility of vitamin-E-enriched poly(D,L-lactic acid)
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Vincenzina Traina, and Mario Cannas
- Subjects
Blood Platelets ,Materials science ,Polymers ,Polyesters ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Biocompatible Materials ,Bioengineering ,Antioxidants ,Mass Spectrometry ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Cell Adhesion ,medicine ,Humans ,Vitamin E ,Organic chemistry ,Lactic Acid ,Whole blood ,Blood Proteins ,Adhesion ,Biodegradable polymer ,Blood proteins ,Lactic acid ,chemistry ,Wettability ,Granulocytes ,Nuclear chemistry ,Protein adsorption - Abstract
Poly(D,L-lactic acid) (P(D,L)LA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer whose use is limited to orthopaedic applications. In fact, the mechanical properties of P(D,L)LA are not usually utilized for cardiovascular applications, as the polymer has been proven to activate both granulocyte- and platelet-causing inflammation. In order to improve P(D,L)LA haemocompatibility vitamin E (alpha-tocoferol, 10-30% (w/w)), a natural biological anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, was added during the solvent casting of P(D,L)LA film. The P(D,L)LA films obtained were then analysed using FT-IR analysis to assess vitamin E presence; polymer surface wettability and human plasma protein adsorption were measured by sessile drop test, spectrophotometric protein quantification and Western blot, respectively, and polymer haemocompatibility was assessed measuring platelet and granulocyte adhesion and whole blood coagulation. Vitamin E presence caused an increase in polymer surface wettability and human plasma protein adsorption. The combination of both effects may account for the decrease in platelet and granulocyte adhesion and for the doubling of whole blood clotting time measured onto vitamin-E-enriched P(D,L)LA compared to control P(D,L)LA. Our results indicate that vitamin E addition improves P(D,L)LA haemocompatibility, making this polymer suitable for cardiovascular application.
- Published
- 2007
27. UHMWPE and vitamin E bioactivity: An emerging perspective
- Author
-
Filippo Renò and Mario Cannas
- Subjects
Materials science ,Osteolysis ,Surface Properties ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Biocompatible Materials ,Bioengineering ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Testing ,medicine ,Humans ,Vitamin E ,Composite material ,Inflammation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Molecular Structure ,Delamination ,Biomaterial ,Prostheses and Implants ,Polymer ,Polyethylene ,Biocompatible material ,medicine.disease ,Fatigue limit ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Immunoglobulin G ,Ceramics and Composites ,Adsorption ,Polyethylenes - Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a semicrystalline biomaterial widely used in the components for articular prosthesis for its excellent mechanical qualities. Two major problems limit the UHMWPE prosthesis life-wearing and delamination, both phenomena being mainly due to chemical oxidation of polymer. Wearing causes the release of generated particulate that triggers a macrophage reaction leading to chronic inflammation and osteolysis, while delamination, due to the mechanical stress, macroscopically alters the surfaces. The most diffused method to reduce wearing is UHMWPE molecular cross-linking by high-energy irradiation followed by melting that also reduces polymer fatigue strength. For this reason, the use of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), as an anti-oxidative and biocompatible additive for normal and cross-linked UHMWPE, has been suggested as an alternative method to improve polymer wearing resistance without altering its mechanical strength. This paper describes briefly the rationale of vitamin E as UHMWPE additive and its possible use as an emerging perspective in the orthopaedic field.
- Published
- 2006
28. Effect of vitamin E addition to poly(d,l)-lactic acid on surface properties and osteoblast behaviour
- Author
-
Valentina Aina, Silvia Gatti, Filippo Renò, and Mario Cannas
- Subjects
Materials science ,Surface Properties ,Polyesters ,Integrin ,Biophysics ,Phospholipid ,Bioengineering ,L)-LA ,Biomaterials ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,Materials Testing ,Cell Adhesion ,medicine ,Animals ,Vitamin E ,P(D ,Osteoblast ,Cell adhesion ,Cell Size ,Osteoblasts ,biology ,Albumin ,3T3 Cells ,Blood Proteins ,Lactic acid ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Membrane ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Wettability ,Ceramics and Composites ,biology.protein ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Vitamin E (Vit.E, α −tocoferol) is a natural agent with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and it has been suggested that it could act as a stimulating factor for osteoblast proliferation and maturation. We produced poly( d,l )-lactic acid films enriched with Vit.E (1, 5 and 10% w/w) and investigated their surface properties using the FTIR analysis, sessile measure of wettability and serum protein adsorption, and evaluated attachment and spreading of MC-3T3 E1 murine osteoblast cells. FTIR analysis showed the presence of Vit.E on the polymer surface and Vit.E increased the polymer wettability in a concentration-dependent manner. The serum total protein adsorption increased significantly onto the 10% Vit.E P( d,l )-LA and the main protein adsorbed was albumin. The presence of albumin, considered as an anti-adhesive protein, on the surface of Vit.E enriched P( d,l )-LA films (especially 5 and 10% Vit.E) could explain, at least in part, the behaviour of MC-3T3 osteoblast cells seeded onto the polymers. Cell adhesion and spreading were strongly decreased by Vit.E (5 and 10%) in spite of the increased wettability. This reaction could be cell type-specific, independent by the surface wettability and linked to cell-specific characteristics (membrane phospholipid composition, integrins expression). Moreover a direct effect of Vit.E on cell adhesion and spreading cannot be completely excluded.
- Published
- 2005
29. Effect of in vitro mechanical compression on Epilysin (matrix metalloproteinase-28) expression in hypertrophic scars
- Author
-
Gilberto Magliacani, Maurizio Sabbatini, Mario Cannas, Maurizio Stella, and Filippo Renò
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ,Dermatology ,In Vitro Techniques ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Hypertrophic scar ,Western blot ,Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted ,medicine ,Humans ,Zymography ,MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 28 ,education ,Tissue homeostasis ,Wound Healing ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Bandages ,Matrix Metalloproteinases ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,Surgery ,Burns ,Wound healing - Abstract
Epilysin, designated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28, is the newest member of this family of proteases expressed by keratinocytes in response to an injury. MMP-28's physiological role and specific substrates are unknown, but its expression pattern suggests that it may serve a role in both tissue homeostasis and wound healing. The aim of this preliminary study was to observe the presence of MMP-28 protein in normotrophic and hypertrophic scars and to evaluate the effect of in vitro mechanical compression on its expression. Biopsies from normotrophic and hypertrophic scars resulting from burns were divided into two samples, one to be used as control (uncompressed) and the other to be compressed in an oxygenated organ chamber for 24 hours in the presence of a serum-free medium, using an electromechanical load transducer (stable pressure = 35 mmHg). Analysis of MMP-28 protein secretion, assessed by Western blot and beta-casein zymography in scar conditioned media, revealed that normotrophic scar did not release MMP-28 in any condition while hypertrophic scar released active MMP-28 both in control conditions and after compression. MMP-28 immunohistochemistry revealed a light protein presence in normotrophic scar keratinocytes and a strong MMP-28 positivity in hypertrophic scar keratinocytes in control conditions, while compression increased MMP-28 staining in normotrophic scar and induced a significant reduction of the protein presence in hypertrophic scar keratinocytes. As it has been suggested that MMP-28 may restructure the skin basal membrane (Saarialho-Kere et al., 2002), our data indicate that mechanical compression directly acts to modulate the remodeling phase of wound healing, altering release and activity of MMP-28 in hypertrophic scars.
- Published
- 2005
30. Polystyrene surface coated with vitamin E modulates human granulocyte adhesion and MMP-9 release
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Mario Cannas, and F. Lombardi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment ,alpha-Tocopherol ,Bioengineering ,Granulocyte ,medicine.disease_cause ,Flow cytometry ,Cell Adhesion ,medicine ,Humans ,Zymography ,Cell adhesion ,Molecular Biology ,Respiratory Burst ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Vitamin E ,Adhesion ,Molecular biology ,Respiratory burst ,Oxidative Stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Biochemistry ,Polystyrenes ,Oxidative stress ,Granulocytes ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Vitamin E (Vit.E, -tocopherol) is a natural biological antioxidant and antinflammatory agent, which protects cells from the effects of free radicals and inhibits inflammation. For such properties Vit.E has been used to improve the biocompatibility of materials such as cellulose membrane for hemodialysis. In this study granulocytes adhesion and activation have been studied after contact with normal cell culture grade polystyrene (PS) and Vit.E-coated polystyrene (Vit.E 0.1 and 0.3% (v/v)) using optical microscopy, flow cytometry and substrate zymography. Vit.E increased the number of adherent granulocytes both at 0.1% (11470 ± 1064 cells/cm 2 , P< 0.01) and 0.3% (13706 ± 818 cells/cm 2 , P< 0.001) concentration compared to normal PS (5529 ± 692 cells/cm 2 ). The morphology of granulocytes adherent to Vit.E–PS appeared lightly altered and no differences have been observed in their respiratory burst compared to control granulocyte, while matrix metalloproteinase 9 or gelatinase B (MMP-9) release and activation were increased compared to the normal PS samples. Our data indicate that Vit.E-coated surface induced an increase in granulocytes adhesion and MMP-9 release in the absence of the typical oxidative stress, hallmark of granulocytes activation. A possible explanation of the phenomenon is that Vit.E modifies the surface protein adsorption thus increasing cell adhesion and in turn MMP-9 releasing. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2004
31. UHMWPE oxidation increases granulocytes activation: a role in tissue response after prosthesis implant
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, F. Lombardi, and Mario Cannas
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Granulocyte activation ,Lysis ,Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,Neutrophils ,Surface Properties ,Biophysics ,Biocompatible Materials ,Bioengineering ,Inflammation ,Neutrophil Activation ,Flow cytometry ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Testing ,medicine ,Humans ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Rhodamines ,Prostheses and Implants ,Polyethylene ,Flow Cytometry ,Respiratory burst ,Oxygen ,chemistry ,Gamma Rays ,Mechanics of Materials ,Immunology ,Ceramics and Composites ,Female ,Implant ,Polyethylenes ,medicine.symptom ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Granulocytes - Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), a biopolymer widely used in orthopaedic implants, is oxidized during gamma-ray sterilization; such surface oxidation is considered as major responsible for inflammation and prosthesis failure. As granulocytes are involved in first contact inflammation, we have measured their oxidative burst by flow cytometry using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DRH) to evaluate their activation following contact with normal and oxidized UHMWPE. Peripheral blood cells (obtained by lysed blood) were loaded with DRH, seeded onto polystyrene, normal and heat-oxidized UHMWPE disks for 30min and then collected for analysis. Granulocytes were individuated using FSC and SSC signals and their cell associated green fluorescence was analyzed. Both normal and oxidized UHMWPE stimulated granulocytes activation as showed by the mean fluorescence emitted (109.3+/-3.8 and 150.1+/-9.2, respectively) compared to control samples (81.6+/-0.3). Moreover oxidized UHMWPE activated a significantly higher percentage of granulocytes (73.35+/-5.2%) compared to not-oxidized UHMWPE (21.5+/-3.8%). UHMWPE surface oxidation responsible for increased granulocyte activation seems to play a role in tissue response to implants.
- Published
- 2003
32. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene oxidation reduces metalloproteinase 2 secretion in human osteoblast-like cellsin vitro: A mechanism of modulation of extracellular matrix
- Author
-
Pierangiola Bracco, Mario Cannas, Michela Bosetti, Filippo Renò, and Luigi Costa
- Subjects
Metalloproteinase ,Materials science ,Metals and Alloys ,Biomedical Engineering ,Osteoblast ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Polyethylene ,Cell morphology ,In vitro ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Ceramics and Composites ,medicine ,Biophysics ,Composite material - Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sterilization with gamma rays induced high oxidation levels both on the surface and in the bulk that alter its structure and mechanical properties. The oxidation process of gamma-radiated UHMWPE induces a reduction of molecular weight and, consequently, a less abrasive resistance that has been related, among others, to the failure of UHMWPE in vivo. To explain the role of cells in such events, human osteoblast-like cells were seeded onto UHMWPE and oxidized UHMWPE discs. Cellular viability and morphology were evaluated along with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production and activity. Oxidized UHMWPE did not induce any significant cytotoxic effects as observed by lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the nonoxidized form; no changes in the cell morphology after 4 and 8 days proliferation were observed. In growth medium metalloproteinase 2 (gelatinase-A, MMP-2) was produced and released by osteoblast-like cells. We observed that cells grown onto oxidized UHMWPE discs decreased the release and activity of MMP-2 after 4 and 8 days culture compared to cells grown on control and non-oxidized UHMWPE discs; metalloproteinase 9 (gelatinase-B, MMP-9) release was not significantly influenced. The absence of cytotoxic and morphological effects in the presence of a down-regulation of MMP-2 release and activity suggest that oxidized polyethylene surfaces may modulate matrix remodeling and, consequently, bone formation.
- Published
- 2003
33. [Untitled]
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Mario Cannas, and Maurizio Sabbatini
- Subjects
Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene ,education.field_of_study ,Necrosis ,Materials science ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Population ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Bioengineering ,Molecular biology ,Flow cytometry ,Staining ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Apoptosis ,Immunology ,medicine ,Propidium iodide ,medicine.symptom ,education - Abstract
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) used in orthopedic prosthesis is often sterilized with γ-rays and the subsequent oxidation was suggested to favor the in vivo wear. UHMWPE debries produced by wearing trigger an inflammatory response that can led to the implant failure. To explore direct effects of UHMWPE oxidation on immunocompetent cells and their possible role in the prosthesis failure, peripheral blood cells (PBCs) have been grown for 24 and 48 h onto plastic (Ct), UHMWPE (PE) and heat oxidized UHMWPE (PEOx) discs. PBCs necrosis and apoptosis were assessed in flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. After 24 h, no statistically significant differences were observed in the amount of apoptotic and necrotic cells between Ct, PE and PEOx samples while, after 48 h, both necrotic and apoptotic cells were strongly increased in PEOx samples where also the granulocytes population appeared strongly reduced (6.3±1.1%) compared to PE (10.5±1.5%) and Ct (15.1±0.9%) samples. We conclude that surface oxidation may interfere with prosthetic failure and/or integration via granulocytes modulation.
- Published
- 2003
34. Textile industry manufacturing by-products induce human melanoma cell proliferation via ERK1/2 activation
- Author
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B. Cravello, Filippo Renò, and Manuela Rizzi
- Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway ,Chromium ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,Human skin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Western blot ,Nickel ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Formaldehyde ,medicine ,Humans ,Hexavalent chromium ,Phosphorylation ,Melanoma ,Carcinogen ,Cell Proliferation ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Original Articles ,In vitro ,Enzyme Activation ,Cell culture ,Textile Industry ,Cancer research - Abstract
Objectives Textiles used to make clothing can represent a source, often ignored, of chemicals potentially noxious to both skin and the whole organism. Among the most frequently produced potentially noxious chemical manufacturing by-products are formaldehyde (FA), nickel (Ni) and hexavalent chromium (Cr); they are of potential clinical interest as all are known to be carcinogenic to humans and to be potent skin sensitizers. The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, effects of these potentially dangerous compounds on two different melanoma cell lines. In particular, attention was focused on A375P, a poorly metastatic and low invasive cell line and SK-MEL-28, a highly metastatic cell line. Materials and methods Effects of these compounds was evaluated on A375P and SK-MEL-28 cells. FA (1–5 × 10−5 m), NiSO4 (10−6–10−3 m), K2Cr2O7 (10−7–10−6 m) effects on cell proliferation were evaluated by cell counting, while ERK pathway involvement was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results Low concentrations of the chemicals, covering a range that corresponds to commonly accepted limits in textile production, induced a significant increase in cell proliferation concomitant with transient activation of phosphorylated ERK expression. Conclusions Data obtained suggest that increasing attention must be focused on these by-products' potentially harmful effects in chemical manufacturing of clothes and accessories, that remain for long periods of time, in contact with human skin.
- Published
- 2014
35. Effect of zirconium nitride physical vapor deposition coating on preosteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation onto titanium screws
- Author
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Manuela Rizzi, Filippo Renò, Leonardo Marchese, Giorgio Gatti, Mario Migliario, and Vincenzo Rocchetti
- Subjects
Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,Cell Culture Techniques ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Cell Count ,Zirconium nitride ,engineering.material ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dental Materials ,Mice ,Coating ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,Materials Testing ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Ceramic ,Pseudopodia ,Composite material ,Nitrogen Compounds ,Cell Proliferation ,Dental Implants ,Titanium ,Zirconium ,Osteoblasts ,Metallurgy ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ,Adhesion ,3T3 Cells ,equipment and supplies ,chemistry ,Physical vapor deposition ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Oral Surgery ,Volatilization - Abstract
Titanium has long been used to produce dental implants. Problems related to its manufacturing, casting, welding, and ceramic application for dental prostheses still limit its use, which highlights the need for technologic improvements. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biologic performance of titanium dental implants coated with zirconium nitride in a murine preosteoblast cellular model.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical and morphologic characteristics of titanium implants coated with zirconium nitride by means of physical vapor deposition.Chemical and morphologic characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and the bioactivity of the implants was evaluated by cell-counting experiments.Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis found that physical vapor deposition was effective in covering titanium surfaces with zirconium nitride. Murine MC-3T3 preosteoblasts were seeded onto titanium-coated and zirconium nitride-coated screws to evaluate their adhesion and proliferation. These experiments found a significantly higher number of cells adhering and spreading onto zirconium nitride-coated surfaces (P.05) after 24 hours; after 7 days, both titanium and zirconium nitride surfaces were completely covered with MC-3T3 cells.Analysis of these data indicates that the proposed zirconium nitride coating of titanium implants could make the surface of the titanium more bioactive than uncoated titanium surfaces.
- Published
- 2013
36. Phospholipid rearrangement of apoptotic membrane does not depend on nuclear activity
- Author
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Francesca Luchetti, Spartaco Santi, Elisabetta Falcieri, Filippo Renò, Sabrina Burattini, Stefano Rossi, Marta Columbaro, and Stefano Papa
- Subjects
Histology ,Apoptosis ,HL-60 Cells ,Biology ,Cleavage (embryo) ,Fluorescence ,law.invention ,Flow cytometry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Annexin ,Confocal microscopy ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Phospholipids ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cell Membrane ,Cell Biology ,Phosphatidylserine ,Cell biology ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,chemistry ,Ultrastructure ,DNA fragmentation - Abstract
The behaviour of plasma membrane was studied in UV-treated cells to investigate its involvement in apoptosis. It was studied in HL60 cells, in which DNA oligonucleosomic cleavage occurs, and in Molt-4 cells, which are characterised by a different fragmentation pattern. During the early stages of apoptosis, a membrane lipid rearrangement occurs, which involves phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner to the outer leaflet. This molecular alteration was investigated by annexin V-FITC binding, analysed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. It was correlated with transmission electron microscopy, subdiploid peak appearance and DNA fragmentation. Our data indicate that the plasma membrane represents an early apoptotic target, even if its alterations are not detectable by ultrastructural analysis, which indicates its good preservation until late apoptotic stages. In addition, the study of apoptotic cells with absent or inactivated endonuclease demonstrates the independence of this membrane mechanism from nuclear activity.
- Published
- 1998
37. Vitamin E acetate addition to poly(<scp>d,l</scp>)lactic acid modifies its mechanical behavior without affecting biocompatibility
- Author
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Filippo Renò, Michele Laus, Diego Antonioli, Manuela Rizzi, and Pamela Pittarella
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Biocompatibility ,Cell growth ,Vitamin E ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Chemistry ,Adhesion ,Polymer ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Lactic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,Vitamin E Acetate ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Mechanical properties of poly(D,L)lactic acid films enriched with Vitamin E and Vitamin E Acetate (5-40% w=w) were investigated. The addition of both formulations resulted in increased polymer Young's modulus and tensile strength. Human foreskin fibroblasts and murine pre-osteoblasts were used to assess the biocompatibility of polymers. Pre-osteoblasts adhesion and prolifera- tion were strongly decreased by Vitamin E, whereas Vitamin E Acetate did not alter cell proliferation. Collagen deposition was lower onto Vitamin E blended polymers than onto native and Vitamin E Acetate blended ones. Fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation were increased by both Vitamin E and Vitamin E Acetate addition. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39970.
- Published
- 2013
38. Low doses amino-bisphosphonates stimulate keratinocytes growth inactivating glucocorticoid receptor
- Author
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Manuela Rizzi, Mario Migliario, Marco Invernizzi, Carlo Cisari, and Filippo Renò
- Subjects
Adult ,Keratinocytes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Farnesyl pyrophosphate ,Organophosphonates ,Human keratinocyte ,Endogeny ,Biology ,Pharmacology ,Cell Line ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glucocorticoid receptor ,Receptors, Glucocorticoid ,Polyisoprenyl Phosphates ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Volume concentration ,Cell Proliferation ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Cell growth ,Low dose ,FPP Synthase ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Sesquiterpenes ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Amino-bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have a wide range of clinical applications to treat bone diseases. Their activity lowered farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) endogenous levels by inhibiting FPP synthase. In epithelial cells it has been demonstrated that FPP reduces both cell proliferation and migration activting glucocorticoid receptor. In this study two N-BPs (zoledronate and neridronate) used at low concentrations (100 nM to 10 μM) are able to stimulate human keratinocytes proliferation reducing glucocorticoid receptor activation.
- Published
- 2013
39. Ultrastructural analysis of nanoparticles and ions released in periprosthetic membranes
- Author
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Michela Bosetti, Leonardo Marchese, Filippo Renò, Mario Cannas, Maurizio Sabbatini, and Giorgio Gatti
- Subjects
Male ,Metal ions in aqueous solution ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Periprosthetic ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,Biocompatible Materials ,Ion ,Biomaterials ,Metal ,Diffusion ,Materials Testing ,Humans ,Particle Size ,Aged ,Ions ,Membranes ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Membrane ,Chemical engineering ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ultrastructure ,Nanoparticles ,Particle size ,Hip Prosthesis - Abstract
Purpose The distribution and relationship of hydroxyapatite debris, nanometric organic and metal wear particles and metal ions on periimplant interface membranes following aseptic and septic arthroplastic loosening were investigated. Methods Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopic analysis were used to analyze debris and ion distribution. Results Hydroxyapatite debris appeared with different morphology in a particular distribution among several membranes. These differences may reflect the occurrence of different friction forces taking place between prosthesis and bone interface in the several types of prostheses studied. Metal wear particles were detected in greater numbers in membranes from noncemented prostheses compared with those from cemented ones. In contrast, more organic particles were present in membrane from cemented prosthesis. No differences were observed between aseptic and septic membranes. Conclusion Our findings support the need to evaluate the occurrence of friction forces that periprosthetic bone debris production may induce to exacerbate cellular reactivity. Furthermore, cellular engulfment of debris and the high level of different ions released indicate the occurrence of a toxic environment that may induce failure of any reparative pathways.
- Published
- 2013
40. Flow cytometry evidence of human granulocytes interaction with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes: effect of nanoparticle charge
- Author
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Manuela Rizzi, Filippo Renò, Pamela Pittarella, Fabio Carniato, Francesco Olivero, and Leonardo Marchese
- Subjects
Adult ,Materials science ,Phagocytosis ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,Cell Communication ,Granulocyte ,Flow cytometry ,Young Adult ,Immune system ,medicine ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,Organosilicon Compounds ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cell Death ,Mechanical Engineering ,Biomolecule ,Pinocytosis ,Monocyte ,General Chemistry ,Flow Cytometry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Biophysics ,Nanoparticles ,Granulocytes - Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) entering the human body are immediately confronted with the innate part of human immune system. In particular, monocyte and neutrophil granulocytes readily clear particles by phagocytosis, even if in the case of NPs the uptake mechanism may be classified as macropinocytosis. Among engineered nanoparticles, in the last years, siliceous materials have emerged as promising materials for several applications ranging from catalysis to biomedical. The polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are nanodimensional, easily synthesizable molecular compounds and POSS-based systems are promising carriers for biological molecules. In this work, the ability of human granulocytes to uptake positively and negatively charged POSS was measured using a simple flow cytometry analysis based on cell size modifications. The data obtained showed that after a 30 min exposure only positive NPs were uptaken by human granulocyte using both macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated mechanisms as demonstrated by uptake inhibition mediated by amiloride and chlorpromazine.
- Published
- 2013
41. Atmospheric pressure plasma surface modification of poly(D, L -lactic acid) increases fibroblast, osteoblast and keratinocyte adhesion and proliferation
- Author
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Federico Cartasegna, Gloria Gottardi, Davide Aragno, Filippo Renò, Miriam Biasizzo, Domenico D'Angelo, Manuela Rizzi, Giacomo Piacenza, Mario Cannas, and Francesco Trotta
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Osteoblast ,Atmospheric-pressure plasma ,Adhesion ,Condensed Matter Physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,HaCaT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Polylactic acid ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Biophysics ,Surface modification ,Cell adhesion ,Fibroblast - Abstract
An atmospheric pressure plasma deposition for P(d,L)LA (PLA) film was used to modify polymer surface properties using 1,2-diaminopropane and acrylic acid as precursors. These two different plasma coatings result in a high density of amino groups (PLA-NH2) and carboxylic groups (PLACOOH) onto PLA surface as demonstrated by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma coatings modified PLA surface wettability and proteins adsorption from fetal bovine serum (FBS), influencing cell adhesion and proliferation of 3T3 mouse fibroblast, MC-3T3 E1mouse pre-osteoblast, and HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes). In particular both coatings increased pre-osteoblast and keratinocyte adhesion while no effect was observed on fibroblast. Moreover, cell proliferation assessed after 48h by Tox-8 assay was significantly higher for osteoblast cells and keratinocyte seeded onto both PLA-NH2 and PLACOOH compared to cells seeded onto normal PLA. On the basis of the obtained data, the atmospheric pressure plasma deposition described might represent an innovative and useful tool for bone and skin tissue engineering.
- Published
- 2012
42. Developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol: further evidence for an involvement of muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis
- Author
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Filippo Renò, Walter Balduini, Flaminio Cattabeni, and Lucio G. Costa
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inositol Phosphates ,Central nervous system ,Biology ,Glial cell proliferation ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,medicine ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 ,Animals ,Inositol ,Receptor ,Pharmacology ,Ethanol ,Hydrolysis ,Brain ,Organ Size ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ,Receptors, Muscarinic ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Second messenger system ,Carbachol ,Female - Abstract
Various lines of evidence suggest that muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis during postnatal development in the rat brain may play a relevant role in glial cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. We have previously shown that administration of ethanol to developing rats during the brain growth spurt causes microencephaly and selectively decreases muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. In the present study we have investigated the sensitivity of the phosphoinositide system coupled to muscarinic receptors to ethanol inhibition during distinct stages of the brain growth spurt. Different groups of rats were treated for 3 days with ethanol (4 g/kg per day) on postnatal days 2-4 (initial), 6-8 or 10-12 (peak), 13-15 (final stage of the brain growth spurt). The results show that the period of maximal sensitivity to ethanol of muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis coincides with the peak of the brain growth spurt and with the period of maximal efficacy of muscarinic receptor agonists to induce inositol phosphates accumulation. Interestingly, only when muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was inhibited, a significant reduction of brain weight was observed. The close parallel between inhibition of this second messenger response and reduction of brain weight suggests that the phosphoinositide system coupled to muscarinic receptors may represent a target for the neurotoxic effects of ethanol during this stage of brain development.
- Published
- 1994
43. Low concentration amino‐bisphosphonates stimulate human keratinocyte proliferation and in vitro wound healing
- Author
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Marco Invernizzi, Mario Migliario, Filippo Renò, Carlo Cisari, Mario Cannas, and Manuela Rizzi
- Subjects
Adult ,Keratinocytes ,Farnesyl pyrophosphate ,Endogeny ,Dermatology ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Pharmacology ,Filaggrin Proteins ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Zoledronic Acid ,Sampling Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Movement ,Reference Values ,medicine ,Humans ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,Wound Healing ,Diphosphonates ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Imidazoles ,Original Articles ,In vitro ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,Toxicity ,Immunology ,Surgery ,Keratinocyte ,Wound healing ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Amino-bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are widely used to treat a great variety of clinical conditions involving altered calcium metabolism, as well as to prevent bone metastases. The use of N-BPs, however, display well-known side effects, including cellular toxicity, mainly at soft tissue and mucosal level, that arise from N-BPs ability to induce cell apoptosis when administered at clinically relevant concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an in vitro wound healing model, the effect of N-BPs low concentration (10 nM-10 µM) stimulation on keratinocyte cellular behaviour. Human keratinocytes were treated with neridronate and zoledronate, two N-BPs with different chemical structure and clinical potency, but sharing a common pharmacological target: farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase. Surprisingly, at the tested concentrations, both drugs stimulated keratinocytes proliferation, upregulating cytokeratin 5 while downregulating filaggrin expression, and wound healing ability, without any significant effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity. The lack of N-BPs effect on MMP-9 activity indicates that wound closure, in our experimental model, is mainly due to an increase in cell proliferation rather than to an increase in cell migration. Therefore, it can be hypothesised that the observed wound healing results could be ascribed to an N-BPs mediated reduction of FPP endogenous levels, thus suggesting new possible clinical applications for these compounds.
- Published
- 2011
44. Gelatin-based anionic hydrogel as biocompatible substrate for human keratinocyte growth
- Author
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Filippo Renò, Manuela Rizzi, and Mario Cannas
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Swine ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,Biocompatible Materials ,Filaggrin Proteins ,Gelatin ,Epithelium ,Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Tissue engineering ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Humans ,Polylysine ,Cell adhesion ,Cell Proliferation ,Skin ,integumentary system ,Tissue Engineering ,Polyglutamic acid ,Hydrogels ,Blood Proteins ,HaCaT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cross-Linking Reagents ,chemistry ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Cattle ,Adsorption - Abstract
Ionic hydrogels are biocompatible candidates for skin tissue engineering. Two hydrogels synthesized by crosslinking gelatin with polylysine (positively charged HG1) or polyglutamic acid (negatively charged HG2) were tested using spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). HaCaT cells displayed higher adhesion and proliferation onto HG2, forming a continuous and stratified epithelium after 7 days. Moreover HaCaT cells grown onto HG2 showed a decreased Epilysin and Filaggrin expression, while transglutaminase-1 expression was increased. Those data indicate that human keratinocyte can form a stratified epithelium onto HG2 that could therefore be an useful tool for skin tissue engineering.
- Published
- 2011
45. Mechanical stretching modulates growth direction and MMP-9 release in human keratinocyte monolayer
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Vincenzina Traina, and Mario Cannas
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Time Factors ,Chemistry ,Short Communication ,Proteolytic enzymes ,Stimulation ,Human skin ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,HaCaT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Culture Media, Conditioned ,Monolayer ,medicine ,Biophysics ,Humans ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,Stress, Mechanical ,Keratinocyte migration ,Keratinocyte ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
Cells within human skin are exposed to mechanical stretching that is considered a trigger stimulus for keratinocyte proliferation, while its effect on keratinocyte migration has been poorly investigate. In order to explore the effect of stretching on keratinocyte migration spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) monolayers seeded onto collagen I-coated silicon sheets were stimulated three times for 1 hour every 24 hours (total time = 72 hours) by mechanical stretching increasing substrate deformations (10%) applied both as static (0 Hz) and cyclic (0.17 Hz) uniaxial stretching. At the end of stimulations monolayer areas measured in both static and cyclic samples appeared reduced and strongly oriented in a direction perpendicular to the stress direction compared to unstimulated ones. Moreover during the mechanical stimulation period HaCaT monolayers strongly increased the release in the medium of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a proteolytic enzyme necessary for keratinocyte migration.
- Published
- 2009
46. Adsorption of matrix metalloproteinases onto biomedical polymers: a new aspect in biological acceptance
- Author
-
Filippo Renò, Vincenzina Traina, and Mario Cannas
- Subjects
Materials science ,Neutrophils ,Polymers ,Polyesters ,Gelatinase A ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Bioengineering ,Biocompatible Materials ,macromolecular substances ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Methacrylate ,Hydroxamic Acids ,Biomaterials ,Polymer chemistry ,Cell Adhesion ,Gelatinase ,Humans ,Polymethyl Methacrylate ,Zymography ,Protease Inhibitors ,Cell adhesion ,Polyvinyl Chloride ,Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Polymer ,Adhesion ,Blood Proteins ,Matrix Metalloproteinases ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,Polystyrenes ,Adsorption ,Oligopeptides - Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes involved in the remodelling of connective tissues during the development and wound healing. Moreover, two MMPs, Gelatinase A (MMP-2) and Gelatinase B (MMP-9), are also present in body fluids such as blood and urine and, therefore, they can be in contact with implanted biomaterials and can be adsorbed onto their surface. In order to test this hypothesis disks of different polymers (polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)) have been exposed to human plasma and adsorbed proteins have been eluted and analyzed. Using Western blot and substrate zymography analysis, we observed that both MMP-2 and MMP-9 adsorbed onto the surfaces of all the polymers, especially hydrophilic ones (PMMA and PHEMA) and PLA, in both the active and inactive forms. Furthermore, we observed that adhesion of human granulocyte neutophils to PMMA, the polymer that adsorbed the higher quantity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared to the others, was reduced by more that 50% by the presence of a gelatinase inhibitor. This data suggest a surprising role of these absorbed enzymes in the adhesion of neutrophil onto some polymeric biomaterials surface and, therefore, in the setting of inflammation.
- Published
- 2008
47. Oral–Gut Microbiota, Periodontal Diseases, and Arthritis: Literature Overview on the Role of Probiotics
- Author
-
Martina Ferrillo, Amerigo Giudice, Mario Migliario, Filippo Renó, Lorenzo Lippi, Dario Calafiore, Nicola Marotta, Roberto de Sire, Leonzio Fortunato, Antonio Ammendolia, Marco Invernizzi, and Alessandro de Sire
- Subjects
oral microbiome ,gut microbiota ,periodontal disease ,gastrointestinal microbiome ,osteoarthritis ,knee osteoarthritis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Periodontal diseases are oral inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues supporting and surrounding the teeth and include gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral pathogens may lead to microbial products spreading into the systemic circulation and reaching distant organs, while periodontal diseases have been related to low-grade systemic inflammation. Gut and oral microbiota alterations might play a role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including arthritis, considering the role of the gut–joint axis in the regulation of molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. In this scenario, it is hypothesized that probiotics might contribute to the oral and intestinal micro-ecological balance and could reduce low-grade inflammation typical of periodontal diseases and arthritis. This literature overview aims to summarize state-of-the-art ideas about linkages among oral–gut microbiota, periodontal diseases, and arthritis, while investigating the role of probiotics as a potential therapeutic intervention for the management of both oral diseases and musculoskeletal disorders.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Functionalization of a poly(D,L)lactic acid surface with galactose to improve human keratinocyte behavior for artificial epidermis
- Author
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Mario Cannas, Filippo Renò, E Battistella, Silvia Gatti, and Vincenzina Traina
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Polymers ,Surface Properties ,Polyesters ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Bioengineering ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Extracellular matrix ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Humans ,Lactic Acid ,Cell adhesion ,Tissue homeostasis ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,Skin, Artificial ,Epidermis (botany) ,Tissue Engineering ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,Galactose ,Matrix Metalloproteinases ,Cell biology ,HaCaT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,Epidermal Cells ,Cell culture ,Epidermis ,Keratinocyte ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The production of artificial epidermis using reabsorbable polymeric matrices is one of possible goals; one of most used strategies in this field is the polymer substrate functionalitation using specific growth factors, in order to accelerate and improve keratinocyte adhesion and proliferation. In this study films of poly(D,L)lactide (P(D,L)LA), have been functionalized with various concentrations of galactose (GAL, 1-5-10%, w/v) conjugated with poly-L-lysine (PLL) using 1-etil-3-(3-diaminopropil) carbodiimide (EDC) as a coupling agent. GAL is a disaccharide present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and it is bind by Galectines, a family of cell receptors whose activation regulate the cell-matrix interaction and cell growth and apoptosis. One of these receptors, Galectin-7 (Gal-7), is selectively expressed by human keratinocytes. Spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) that express high level of Gal-7 were allowed to adhere for 4 h in serum free condition on control P(D,L)LA (PLA), and on PLA-GAL and cell proliferation; the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-28), involved in cellular migration and tissue homeostasis have been analyzed after 24 h. The presence of GAL onto the polymer surface increased both cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation along with MMP-9 and MMP-28 production, suggesting that polymer functionalization using GAL could be an useful tool for the production of an artificial epidermis.
- Published
- 2007
49. Cellular behavior of neointima-like cells onto vitamin E-enriched poly(D,L)lactic acid
- Author
-
Vincenzina Traina, Mario Cannas, and Filippo Renò
- Subjects
Neointima ,Cell Survival ,Polymers ,Polyesters ,Cell ,Bioengineering ,Cell Line ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Restenosis ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,Materials Testing ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Vitamin E ,Lactic Acid ,Cell adhesion ,Molecular Biology ,Drug Carriers ,biology ,Chemistry ,CD44 ,Endothelial Cells ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,In vitro ,Lactic acid ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,Tunica Intima ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In-stent restenosis is a process that occurs in 10-50% of cases currently treated with stent and it is caused by an abnormal smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration in the vascular lumen. One of the most promising strategy to reduce restenosis is stent coating with biodegradable polymers to deliver in situ anti-proliferative drugs. Poly(D,L)lactic acid (P(D,L)LA), one of the most interesting candidate for stent coating, has been observed to induce inflammation and neointimal proliferation. In our laboratory, we developed P(D,L)LA enriched with Vitamin E (Vit.E), an anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agent that reduces also SMC proliferation. In order to evaluate the in vitro cellular behaviour of neointima cells onto Vitamin E-enriched P(D,L)LA, cell adhesion and proliferation along with the expression of two SMC migration markers (MMP-9 and hyaluronic acid receptor CD44) were measured in rat vascular SMC A10 cells seeded onto control P(D,L)LA (PLA) and P(D,L)LA films containing 10-30% (w/w) Vit.E (PLA10-30). Cell adhesion, proliferation and MMP-9 production were unaffected by the Vit.E presence in the PLA films after 24 h, while proliferation was slowed or blocked after 48 and 72 h onto PLA10, 20 and 30. MMP-9 production was almost blocked and CD44 density decreased significantly after 72 h for cells grew onto PLA30 compare to cells seeded onto PLA. These data indicate that Vit.E-enriched P(D,L)LA could be an interesting polymer for stent coating.
- Published
- 2007
50. Effect of prostaglandin E2 on PMA-induced macrophage differentiation
- Author
-
Mario Cannas and Filippo Renò
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Prostaglandin E2 receptor ,HL-60 Cells ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Dinoprostone ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Wortmannin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Humans ,Prostaglandin E2 ,Cell adhesion ,Pharmacology ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Macrophages ,Colforsin ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Cell biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Phorbol ,Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Prostaglandin E ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Major trauma such as severe bums and extensive surgery could result in accelerated macrophage differentiation and hyperactivation causing an excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with consequent severe impairment of immunologic reactivity. HL-60 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) have been used as a model to asses the PGE2 role in the macrophage differentiation observed after major trauma. Cell adhesion, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production were measured after 24 h of PMA treatment in the presence of PGE2 (1 nM - 1 microM). PGE2 increased both the PMA-induced cell adhesion and MMP-9 production via EP2/EP4 receptors while it had no effect on the induced TNF-alpha release. The cAMP/PKA pathway, usually linked to EP2/EP4 activation, was not involved in the phenomenon, suggesting that an alternative signalling pathway could be linked to a PKC-activated enzyme. In fact PGE2 activity was partially inhibited by Wortmannin, a phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor indicating that PGE2 act as a co-factor able to increase macrophage differentiation in vitro via a PI-3K dependent pathway that could be also involved in the immunosuppression observed in the aftermath of trauma.
- Published
- 2005
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