4,292 results on '"Dahl A"'
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2. Modeling Collaboration and Partnership in a Program Integrating NMR across the Chemistry Curriculum at a University and a Community and Technical College
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Webb, Cathleen, Dahl, Darwin, Pesterfield, Lester, Lovell, Donielle, Zhang, Rui, Ballard, Sue, and Kellie, Shawn
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In this NSF-supported project, two Anasazi FT-NMRs are being integrated simultaneously across the chemistry curriculum at Western Kentucky University (WKU) and Elizabethtown Community and Technical College (ECTC). The collaborative project adds to a new curriculum initiative by integrating NMR throughout the chemistry curriculum to enhance both undergraduate programs. For the first time, students at ECTC now are able to gain onsite access to an NMR, which has dramatically improved the community college student's educational experience. The project has stimulated WKU and ECTC efforts to establish an equal and sustainable partnership in a broad range. The outcome and viability of the partnership between ECTC and WKU has been externally assessed. Through strategic planning, new insights for the future of the WKU-ECTC chemistry partnership have been generated. The transformative and dynamic partnership between WKU and ECTC provides a model for other disciplines and institutions.
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- 2013
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3. Circular RNA Profile in Atherosclerotic Disease: Regulation during ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction
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Fredric A. Holme, Camilla Huse, Xiang Yi Kong, Kaspar Broch, Lars Gullestad, Anne Kristine Anstensrud, Geir Ø. Andersen, Brage H. Amundsen, Ola Kleveland, Ana Quiles-Jimenez, Sverre Holm, Pål Aukrust, Ingrun Alseth, Bente Halvorsen, and Tuva B. Dahl
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CircRNA ,atherosclerosis ,STEMI ,tocilizumab ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Circular (circ) RNAs are non-coding RNAs with important functions in the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and cancer. Their role in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI) remains poorly described. We aim to investigate the potential circRNAs in immune cells during atherogenesis and examine the most regulated during MI and the modulation by interleukin (IL)-6 receptor inhibition by tocilizumab. Wild-type (WT) and ApoE−/− mice were fed an atherogenic diet for 10 weeks, and the circRNA profile was analyzed by circRNA microarray. Whole blood from patients with ST-elevated MI (STEMI) and randomized to tocilizumab (n = 21) or placebo (n = 19) was collected at admission, 3–7 days, and at 6 months, in addition to samples from healthy controls (n = 13). Primers for human circRNA were designed, and circRNA levels were measured using RT-qPCR. mRNA regulation of predicted circRNA targets was investigated by RNA sequencing. The expression of 867 circRNAs differed between atherogenic and WT mice. In STEMI patients, circUBAC2 was significantly lower than in healthy controls. CircANKRD42 and circUBAC2 levels were inversely correlated with troponin T, and for circUBAC2, an inverse correlation was also seen with final infarct size at 6 months. The predicted mRNA targets for circUBAC2 and circANKRD42 were investigated and altered levels of transcripts involved in the regulation of inflammatory/immune cells, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function were found. Finally, tocilizumab induced an up-regulation of circANKRD42 and circUBAC2 3–7 days after percutaneous coronary intervention. CircRNA levels were dysregulated in STEMI, potentially influencing the immune system, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function.
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- 2024
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4. HER4 Affects Sensitivity to Tamoxifen and Abemaciclib in Luminal Breast Cancer Cells and Restricts Tumor Growth in MCF-7-Based Humanized Tumor Mice
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Veruschka Albert, Christina Bruss, Deniz Tümen, Gerhard Piendl, Florian Weber, Edgar Dahl, Stephan Seitz, Olaf Ortmann, Anja K. Wege, and Gero Brockhoff
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hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer ,human epidermal growth factor receptor related (HER4) ,tamoxifen ,abemaciclib ,humanized tumor mice (HTM) ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The impact of the HER4 receptor on the growth and treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is widely uncertain. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated stable HER4 knockout variants derived from the HER4-positive MCF-7, T-47D, and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines. We investigated tumor cell proliferation as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen, abemaciclib, AMG232, and NRG1 treatments as a function of HER4 in vitro. HER4 differentially affects the cellular response to tamoxifen and abemaciclib treatment. Most conspicuous is the increased sensitivity of MCF-7 in vitro upon HER4 knockout and the inhibition of cell proliferation by NRG1. Additionally, we assessed tumor growth and immunological effects as responses to tamoxifen and abemaciclib therapy in humanized tumor mice (HTM) based on MCF-7 HER4-wildtype and the corresponding HER4-knockout cells. Without any treatment, the enhanced MCF-7 tumor growth in HTM upon HER4 knockout suggests a tumor-suppressive effect of HER4 under preclinical but human-like conditions. This phenomenon is associated with an increased HER2 expression in MCF-7 in vivo. Independent of HER4, abemaciclib and tamoxifen treatment considerably inhibited tumor growth in these mice. However, abemaciclib-treated hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients with tumor-associated mdm2 gene copy gains or pronounced HER4 expression showed a reduced event-free survival. Evidently, the presence of HER4 affects the efficacy of tamoxifen and abemaciclib treatment in different estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, even to different extents, and is associated with unfavorable outcomes in abemaciclib-treated patients.
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- 2024
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5. Chronic HIV Infection Increases Monocyte NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent IL-1α and IL-1β Release
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Hedda Hoel, Tuva Børresdatter Dahl, Kuan Yang, Linda Gail Skeie, Annika Elisabet Michelsen, Thor Ueland, Jan Kristian Damås, Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise, Børre Fevang, Arne Yndestad, Pål Aukrust, Marius Trøseid, and Øystein Sandanger
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HIV ,inflammasome ,monocytes ,NLRP3 ,IFI16 ,IL-1α ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has converted HIV from a lethal disease to a chronic condition, yet co-morbidities persist. Incomplete immune recovery and chronic immune activation, especially in the gut mucosa, contribute to these complications. Inflammasomes, multi-protein complexes activated by innate immune receptors, appear to play a role in these inflammatory responses. In particular, preliminary data indicate the involvement of IFI16 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in chronic HIV infection. This study explores inflammasome function in monocytes from people with HIV (PWH); 22 ART-treated with suppressed viremia and 17 untreated PWH were compared to 33 HIV-negative donors. Monocytes were primed with LPS and inflammasomes activated with ATP in vitro. IFI16 and NLRP3 mRNA expression were examined in a subset of donors. IFI16 and NLRP3 expression in unstimulated monocytes correlated negatively with CD4 T cell counts in untreated PWH. For IFI16, there was also a positive correlation with viral load. Monocytes from untreated PWH exhibit increased release of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF compared to treated PWH and HIV-negative donors. However, circulating monocytes in PWH are not pre-primed for inflammasome activation in vivo. The findings suggest a link between IFI16, NLRP3, and HIV progression, emphasizing their potential role in comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease. The study provides insights into inflammasome regulation in HIV pathogenesis and its implications for therapeutic interventions.
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- 2024
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6. Upscaling and Risk Evaluation of the Synthesis of the 3,5-Diamino-1H-Pyrazole, Disperazol
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Charlotte Uldahl Jansen, Katja Egeskov Grier, Jens Bo Andersen, Louise Dahl Hultqvist, Martin Nilsson, Claus Moser, Michael Graz, Tim Tolker-Nielsen, Michael Givskov, and Katrine Qvortrup
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biofilm ,dispersal ,pyrazole ,c-di-GMP ,large-scale synthesis ,flow chemistry ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This paper presents the work performed to transition a lab-scale synthesis (1 g) to a large-scale (400 g) synthesis of the 3-5-diamino-1H-Pyrazole Disperazol, a new pharmaceutical for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections. The potentially hazardous diazotisation step in the lab-scale synthesis was transformed to a safe and easy-to-handle flow chemistry step. Additionally, the paper presents an OSHA-recommended safety assessment of active compound E, as performed by Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL, USA.
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- 2024
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7. The Genetic Profile of Large B-Cell Lymphomas Presenting in the Ocular Adnexa
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Stine Dahl Vest, Patrick Rene Gerhard Eriksen, Fleur A. de Groot, Ruben A. L. de Groen, Anne H. R. Kleij, Marina Knudsen Kirkegaard, Peter Kamper, Peter Kristian Rasmussen, Christian von Buchwald, Peter de Nully Brown, Jens Folke Kiilgaard, Joost S. P. Vermaat, and Steffen Heegaard
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ocular adnexal lymphoma ,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ,high-grade B-cell lymphoma ,genetics ,mutation ,next-generation sequencing ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
To provide insights into targetable oncogenic pathways, this retrospective cohort study investigated the genetic profile of 26 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS), and two patients with high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (HGBCL) presenting in the ocular adnexa. Pathogenic variants and copy number variations in 128 B-cell lymphoma-relevant genes were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Genetic subtypes were determined with the LymphGen algorithm. Primary ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS constituted 50% (n = 14) and was generally characterized by non-germinal center B-cell origin (non-GCB) (n = 8, 57%), and LymphGen MCD subtype (n = 5, 36%). Primary ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS presented pathogenic variants in genes involved in NF-κB activation and genes which are recurrently mutated in other extranodal lymphomas of non-GCB origin, including MYD88 (n = 4, 29%), CD79B (n = 3, 21%), PIM1 (n = 3, 21%), and TBL1XR1 (n = 3, 21%). Relapsed DLBCL-NOS presenting in the ocular adnexa (n = 6) were all of non-GCB origin and frequently of MCD subtype (n = 3, 50%), presenting with a similar genetic profile as primary ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS. These results provide valuable insights into genetic drivers in ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS, offering potential applications in future precision medicine.
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- 2024
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8. Positive Allosteric Modulators of SERCA Pump Restore Dendritic Spines and Rescue Long-Term Potentiation Defects in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
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Anastasiya Rakovskaya, Alexander Erofeev, Egor Vinokurov, Ekaterina Pchitskaya, Russell Dahl, and Ilya Bezprozvanny
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SERCA ,positive allosteric modulators ,calcium ,Alzheimer’s disease ,beta-amyloid ,dendritic spines ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory formation and storage processes. Dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca2+) has been identified as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been suggested that pharmacological agents that stabilize Ca2+ neuronal signaling can act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca2+-stabilizing agents and exhibit neuroprotective properties. In the present study, we evaluated effects of a set of novel SERCA PAM agents on the rate of Ca2+ extraction from the cytoplasm of the HEK293T cell line, on morphometric parameters of dendritic spines of primary hippocampal neurons in normal conditions and in conditions of amyloid toxicity, and on long-term potentiation in slices derived from 5xFAD transgenic mice modeling AD. Several SERCA PAM compounds demonstrated neuroprotective properties, and the compound NDC-9009 showed the best results. The findings in this study support the hypothesis that the SERCA pump is a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment and that NDC-9009 is a promising lead molecule to be used in the development of disease-modifying agents for AD.
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- 2023
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9. A Potential Association between Ribonuclease 1 Dynamics in the Blood and the Outcome in COVID-19 Patients
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Elisabeth Zechendorf, Christian Beckers, Nadine Frank, Sandra Kraemer, Carolina Neu, Thomas Breuer, Michael Dreher, Edgar Dahl, Gernot Marx, Lukas Martin, and Tim-Philipp Simon
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COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,RNase 1 ,kidney injury ,biomarker ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is the most recent and well-known outbreak of a coronavirus. RNase 1 is a small endogenous antimicrobial polypeptide that possesses antiviral activity against viral diseases. In this study, we investigated a potential association between ribonuclease 1 and the outcome in COVID-19 patients and the impact of increased and decreased RNase 1 levels serum during the course of the disease. Therefore, two patient populations, Cohort A (n = 35) and B (n = 80), were subclassified into two groups, in which the RNase 1 concentration increased or decreased from time point one to time point two. We show that the RNase 1 serum levels significantly increased in the increasing group of both cohorts (p = 0.0171; p < 0.0001). We detect that patients in the increasing group who died had significantly higher RNase 1 serum levels at both time points in Cohort A (p = 0.0170; p = 0.0393) and Cohort B (p = 0.0253; p = 0.0034) than patients who survived. Additionally, we measured a significant correlation of RNase 1 serum levels with serum creatinine as well as creatinine clearance in the increasing and decreasing group at both time points of Cohort A. Based on these results, there is now good evidence that RNase 1 may play a role in renal dysfunction associated with ICU COVID-19 patients and that increasing RNase 1 serum level may be a potential biomarker to predict outcome in COVID-19 patients.
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- 2023
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10. Positive Allosteric Modulator of SERCA Pump NDC-1173 Exerts Beneficial Effects in Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Russell Dahl, Amanda C. Moore, Caitlynn Knight, Colleen Mauger, Hua Zhang, Gary E. Schiltz, Wendy A. Koss, and Ilya Bezprozvanny
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SERCA ,calcium ,Alzheimer’s disease ,drug development ,behavior ,ER stress ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. AD does not have a cure and most drug development efforts in the AD field have been focused on targeting the amyloid pathway based on the “amyloid cascade hypothesis”. However, in addition to the amyloid pathway, substantial evidence also points to dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been proposed that pharmacological agents that stabilize neuronal Ca2+ signaling may act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca2+ stabilizing agents. In the present study, we report the development of a novel SERCA PAM agent, compound NDC-1173. To test the effectiveness of this compound, we performed behavioral studies with the APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model. We also evaluated effects of this compound on expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the SERCA pump is a potential novel therapeutic drug target and that NDC-1173 is a promising lead molecule for developing disease-modifying agents in AD.
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- 2023
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11. Synthesis and Evaluation of Clinically Translatable Targeted Microbubbles Using a Microfluidic Device for In Vivo Ultrasound Molecular Imaging
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Rakesh Bam, Arutselvan Natarajan, Farbod Tabesh, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, and Jeremy J. Dahl
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microbubbles ,bioconjugation ,thiol–maleimide ,phospholipids ,microfluidics ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The main aim of this study is to synthesize contrast microbubbles (MB) functionalized with engineered protein ligands using a microfluidic device to target breast cancer specific vascular B7-H3 receptor in vivo for diagnostic ultrasound imaging. We used a high-affinity affibody (ABY) selected against human/mouse B7-H3 receptor for engineering targeted MBs (TMBs). We introduced a C-terminal cysteine residue to this ABY ligand for facilitating site-specific conjugation to DSPE-PEG-2K-maleimide (M. Wt = 2.9416 kDa) phospholipid for MB formulation. We optimized the reaction conditions of bioconjugations and applied it for microfluidic based synthesis of TMBs using DSPE-PEG-ABY and DPPC liposomes (5:95 mole %). The binding affinity of TMBs to B7-H3 (MBB7-H3) was tested in vitro in MS1 endothelial cells expressing human B7-H3 (MS1B7-H3) by flow chamber assay, and by ex vivo in the mammary tumors of a transgenic mouse model (FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyMT)634Mul/J), expressing murine B7-H3 in the vascular endothelial cells by immunostaining analyses. We successfully optimized the conditions needed for generating TMBs using a microfluidic system. The synthesized MBs showed higher affinity to MS1 cells engineered to express higher level of hB7-H3, and in the endothelial cells of mouse tumor tissue upon injecting TMBs in a live animal. The average number (mean ± SD) of MBB7-H3 binding to MS1B7-H3 cells was estimated to be 354.4 ± 52.3 per field of view (FOV) compared to wild-type control cells (MS1WT; 36.2 ± 7.5/FOV). The non-targeted MBs did not show any selective binding affinity to both the cells (37.7 ± 7.8/FOV for MS1B7-H3 and 28.3 ± 6.7/FOV for MS1WT cells). The fluorescently labeled MBB7-H3 upon systemic injection in vivo co-localized to tumor vessels, expressing B7-H3 receptor, as validated by ex vivo immunofluorescence analyses. We have successfully synthesized a novel MBB7-H3 via microfluidic device, which allows us to produce on demand TMBs for clinical applications. This clinically translatable MBB7-H3 showed significant binding affinity to vascular endothelial cells expressing B7-H3 both in vitro and in vivo, which shows its potential for clinical translation as a molecular ultrasound contrast agent for human applications.
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- 2023
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12. Analysis of Electric Field Stimulation in Blue Light Stressed 661W Cells
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Sharanya Bola, Pallavi Subramanian, Daniela Calzia, Andreas Dahl, Isabella Panfoli, Richard H. W. Funk, and Cora Roehlecke
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electrical stimulation ,photoreceptors ,blue light ,membrane potential ,unfolded protein response ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Though electrical stimulation is used as a therapeutic approach to treat retinal and spinal injuries, many protective mechanisms at cellular level have not been elucidated. We performed a detailed analysis of cellular events in blue light (Li) stressed 661W cells, which were subjected to direct current electric field (EF) stimulation. Our findings revealed that EF stimulation induced protective effects in 661W cells from Li-induced stress by multiple defense mechanisms, such as increase in mitochondrial activity, gain in mitochondrial potential, increase in superoxide levels, and the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, all leading to an enhanced cell viability and decreased DNA damage. Here, our genetic screen results revealed the UPR pathway to be a promising target to ameliorate Li-induced stress by EF stimulation. Thus, our study is important for a knowledgeable transfer of EF stimulation into clinical application.
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- 2023
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13. Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of New Quinoline-Based Panx-1 Channel Blockers
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Letizia Crocetti, Maria Paola Giovannoni, Gabriella Guerrini, Silvia Lamanna, Fabrizio Melani, Gianluca Bartolucci, Marco Pallecchi, Paola Paoli, Martina Lippi, Junjie Wang, and Gerhard Dahl
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pannexins ,panx-1 blockers ,quinolones ,quinolines ,molecular modeling ,chemical stability ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Pannexins are an interesting new target in medicinal chemistry, as they are involved in many pathologies such as epilepsy, ischemic stroke, cancer and Parkinson’s disease, as well as in neuropathic pain. They are a family of membrane channel proteins consisting of three members, Panx-1, Panx-2 and Panx-3, and are expressed in vertebrates. In the present study, as a continuation of our research in this field, we report the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new quinoline-based Panx-1 blockers. The most relevant compounds 6f and 6g show an IC50 = 3 and 1.5 µM, respectively, and are selective Panx-1 blockers. Finally, chemical stability, molecular modelling and X-ray crystallography studies have been performed providing useful information for the realization of the project.
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- 2023
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14. Formation and Transformation of Colloidal Metal Halide Nanoparticles
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Dahl, Jakob C
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Chemistry ,2 D Materials ,Kinetics ,Machine Learning ,Nanocrystals ,Perovskite ,Synthesis - Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals are miniscule pieces (< 100 nm or ∼ 1/1000th the width of a humanhair) of solid materials suspended in a liquid. Semiconductor nanocrystals have controllableoptical properties like color, which make them appealing for use in displays, LEDs, solarcells and many other devices that rely on the interaction of matter with light or electricity.The color and other optical properties are related to the size and composition of the crystals,which makes control over these properties crucial to any application.Creating these crystals is often more of an art than a science, with large differences inresults arising between chemicals sourced from different suppliers, laboratories, practitionersand any (even slight) changes in the process of making them. The work in this thesis ispart of a broader scientific movement aimed at a more scientific understanding and rationalcontrol of the synthesis process. To keep the nanocrystals small and stable requires the useof surfactants or ligands, which are chemicals that can interact both with a charged or polarenvironment such as the nanocrystal and a non-polar environment such as the surroundingmedium. The metal halide nanocrystals we focus on here are particularly sensitive to theseligands and the surrounding medium, as they are more similar in nature to salt, whereas mostother materials used to make nanocrystals are more similar to rocks. As a result, changingthe environment around the nanocrystals can transform the type, shape or composition ofthe crystal. The studies herein investigate the formation of metal halide nanocrystals, howtransformations between them occur and how both processes are interrelated.The rapid development in precision and scale of machine learning (ML) methods capableof predictions based on large sets of data has roused the interest of scientists across manydisciplines. Concurrently, improvements in the automation of chemical synthesis and charac-terization methods now allow for the generation of data on hundreds to thousands of reactionsnecessary to use such data science methods. Due to the complexity of chemical synthesis ingeneral, and nanocrystal synthesis in particular, using ML to predict the outcomes of reac-tions is an attractive proposition. This thesis introduces methods from machine learning anddata science to the synthesis of nanocrystals, and connects them to more physical models ofthis process.In this thesis, Chapter 1 outlines the important concepts related to nanocrystals, theirproperties, characterization methods and reactions. We then briefly introduce current trendsof using machine learning and data science to understand synthesis. In Chapter 2, weuse high-throughput synthesis experiments coupled to automated deconvolution of opticalabsorption spectra to gain an overview of the reaction landscape around one well-studiedmetal halide nanocrystal material, CsPbBr3. In Chapter 3, we investigate in more detailthe formation and transformation processes of one material we found of central importancein the overview, the atomically thin nanosheets of OLA2PbBr4 using in-situ absorptionspectroscopy and joint fits of spectral and kinetic models, as well as more traditional kineticanalysis where appropriate. Further analysis of precursor reactions is provided in Chapter 4.We then examine synthesis and properties of a family of cesium silver metal halide doubleperovskites in Chapter 5. Finally in Chapter 6, we discuss the implications of this work ondifferent scientific fields.
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- 2022
15. AKAP18δ Anchors and Regulates CaMKII Activity at Phospholamban-SERCA2 and RYR
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William E. Louch, Geir Christensen, Pimthanya Wanichawan, Hilde Jarstadmarken, Enno Klussmann, Marie C. Moutty, Ivar Sjaastad, Viacheslav O. Nikolaev, Cathrine R. Carlson, Per Kristian Lunde, Laetitia Pereira, Anna Bergan-Dahl, Ole M. Sejersted, Jan Magnus Aronsen, Marianne Lunde, Terje R Selnes Kolstad, Susanne Hille, Donald M. Bers, Bjørn Dalhus, Hariharan Subramanian, Oliver Müller, and Xin Shen
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calmodulin ,Calmodulin ,cardiac ,Physiology ,Cells ,Clinical Sciences ,Wistar ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ,Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ,ryanodine receptor ,Animals ,Humans ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,Calcium Signaling ,Rats, Wistar ,Cells, Cultured ,phospholamban ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Myocytes ,Cultured ,Binding Sites ,biology ,Chemistry ,Activator (genetics) ,Kinase ,Ryanodine receptor ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,Signal Transducing ,Adaptor Proteins ,Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ,calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2 ,musculoskeletal system ,Rats ,Phospholamban ,Cell biology ,HEK293 Cells ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases ,cardiovascular system ,biology.protein ,Phosphorylation ,Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Background: The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ -ATPase 2 (SERCA2) mediates Ca 2+ reuptake into SR and thereby promotes cardiomyocyte relaxation, whereas the ryanodine receptor (RYR) mediates Ca 2+ release from SR and triggers contraction. Ca 2+ /CaMKII (CaM [calmodulin]-dependent protein kinase II) regulates activities of SERCA2 through phosphorylation of PLN (phospholamban) and RYR through direct phosphorylation. However, the mechanisms for CaMKIIδ anchoring to SERCA2-PLN and RYR and its regulation by local Ca 2+ signals remain elusive. The objective of this study was to investigate CaMKIIδ anchoring and regulation at SERCA2-PLN and RYR. Methods: A role for AKAP18δ (A-kinase anchoring protein 18δ) in CaMKIIδ anchoring and regulation was analyzed by bioinformatics, peptide arrays, cell-permeant peptide technology, immunoprecipitations, pull downs, transfections, immunoblotting, proximity ligation, FRET-based CaMKII activity and ELISA-based assays, whole cell and SR vesicle fluorescence imaging, high-resolution microscopy, adenovirus transduction, adenoassociated virus injection, structural modeling, surface plasmon resonance, and alpha screen technology. Results: Our results show that AKAP18δ anchors and directly regulates CaMKIIδ activity at SERCA2-PLN and RYR, via 2 distinct AKAP18δ regions. An N-terminal region (AKAP18δ-N) inhibited CaMKIIδ through binding of a region homologous to the natural CaMKII inhibitor peptide and the Thr17-PLN region. AKAP18δ-N also bound CaM, introducing a second level of control. Conversely, AKAP18δ-C, which shares homology to neuronal CaMKIIα activator peptide (N2B-s), activated CaMKIIδ by lowering the apparent Ca 2+ threshold for kinase activation and inducing CaM trapping. While AKAP18δ-C facilitated faster Ca 2+ reuptake by SERCA2 and Ca 2+ release through RYR, AKAP18δ-N had opposite effects. We propose a model where the 2 unique AKAP18δ regions fine-tune Ca 2+ -frequency-dependent activation of CaMKIIδ at SERCA2-PLN and RYR. Conclusions: AKAP18δ anchors and functionally regulates CaMKII activity at PLN-SERCA2 and RYR, indicating a crucial role of AKAP18δ in regulation of the heartbeat. To our knowledge, this is the first protein shown to enhance CaMKII activity in heart and also the first AKAP (A-kinase anchoring protein) reported to anchor a CaMKII isoform, defining AKAP18δ also as a CaM-KAP.
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- 2022
16. The miR-23a∼27a∼24-2 microRNA Cluster Promotes Inflammatory Polarization of Macrophages
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Andrew Appert, Sridhar Rao, Seok Hee Jang, Richard Dahl, Nathan Klopfenstein, William Morgan Hallas, Kirthi Pulakanti, Karen D. Cowden Dahl, Austin Boucher, and Jennifer Skibbe
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Myeloid ,Immunology ,Macrophage polarization ,Stimulation ,Article ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Mice ,Immune system ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Tumor-Associated Macrophages ,Gene expression ,microRNA ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Progenitor cell ,Inflammation ,Mice, Knockout ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,Chemistry ,Macrophages ,Cell Differentiation ,Neoplasms, Experimental ,Th1 Cells ,Tumor Burden ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,MicroRNAs ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cytokines ,Female - Abstract
Macrophages are critical for regulating inflammatory responses. Environmental signals polarize macrophages to either a proinflammatory (M1) state or an anti-inflammatory (M2) state. We observed that the microRNA (miRNA) cluster mirn23a, coding for miRs-23a, -27a, and -24-2, regulates mouse macrophage polarization. Gene expression analysis of mirn23a-deficient myeloid progenitors revealed a decrease in TLR and IFN signaling. Mirn23a−/− bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) have an attenuated response to LPS, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory phenotype in mature cells. In vitro, mirn23a−/− BMDMs have decreased M1 responses and an enhanced M2 responses. Overexpression of mirn23a has the opposite effect, enhancing M1 and inhibiting M2 gene expression. Interestingly, expression of mirn23a miRNAs goes down with inflammatory stimulation and up with anti-inflammatory stimulation, suggesting that its regulation prevents locking macrophages into polarized states. M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with poor outcome for many tumors, so to determine if there was a functional consequence of mirn23a loss modulating immune cell polarization, we assayed syngeneic tumor growth in wild-type and mirn23a−/− mice. Consistent with the increased anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phenotype in vitro, mirn23a−/− mice inoculated with syngeneic tumor cells had worse outcomes compared with wild-type mice. Coinjecting tumor cells with mirn23a−/− BMDMs into wild-type mice phenocopied tumor growth in mirn23a−/− mice, supporting a critical role for mirn23a miRNAs in macrophage-mediated tumor immunity. Our data demonstrate that mirn23a regulates M1/M2 polarization and suggests that manipulation of mirn23a miRNA can be used to direct macrophage polarization to drive a desired immune response.
- Published
- 2021
17. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein ADAMTSL2 is increased in heart failure and inhibits TGFβ signalling in cardiac fibroblasts
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Sheryl Palmero, A. Olav Melleby, Dirk Hubmacher, Christen P. Dahl, Suneel S. Apte, Geir Christensen, Deborah E. Seifert, Vibeke M. Almaas, Theis Tønnessen, Mari E. Strand, Ida G. Lunde, Pugazendhi M. Erusappan, and Karoline B. Rypdal
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Cell biology ,Molecular biology ,Science ,Cardiology ,Platelet membrane glycoprotein ,Article ,Extracellular matrix ,Mice ,Medical research ,ADAMTS Proteins ,Fibrosis ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,medicine ,Extracellular ,Animals ,Humans ,Osteopontin ,Heart Failure ,Thrombospondin ,Extracellular Matrix Proteins ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Molecular medicine ,Chemistry ,Cell Differentiation ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Extracellular Matrix ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Gene Expression Regulation ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Disease Susceptibility ,Myofibroblast ,Biomarkers ,Transforming growth factor ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Fibrosis accompanies most heart diseases and is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Transforming growth factor (TGF)β drives extracellular matrix remodelling and fibrosis in the failing heart. Some members of the ADAMTSL (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin type 1 motifs-like) family of secreted glycoproteins bind to matrix microfibrils, and although their function in the heart remains largely unknown, they are suggested to regulate TGFβ activity. The aims of this study were to determine ADAMTSL2 levels in failing hearts, and to elucidate the role of ADAMTSL2 in fibrosis using cultured human cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs). Cardiac ADAMTSL2 mRNA was robustly increased in human and experimental heart failure, and mainly expressed by fibroblasts. Over-expression and treatment with extracellular ADAMTSL2 in human CFBs led to reduced TGFβ production and signalling. Increased ADAMTSL2 attenuated myofibroblast differentiation, with reduced expression of the signature molecules α-smooth muscle actin and osteopontin. Finally, ADAMTSL2 mitigated the pro-fibrotic CFB phenotypes, proliferation, migration and contractility. In conclusion, the extracellular matrix-localized glycoprotein ADAMTSL2 was upregulated in fibrotic and failing hearts of patients and mice. We identified ADAMTSL2 as a negative regulator of TGFβ in human cardiac fibroblasts, inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation and pro-fibrotic properties.
- Published
- 2021
18. Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies
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Zernotti, Luo, Zhang, Nanshan, Zhong, Mihaela, Zidarn, Torsten, Zuberbier, Celia, Zubrinich, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Humboldt University Of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] 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E.-C., Bergmann K.-C., Bernardini R., Bernstein D., Bewick M., Bialek S., Bialoszewski A., Bieber T., Billo N.E., Bilo M.-B., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bjermer L., Bobolea I., Bochenska Marciniak M., Bond C., Boner A., Bonini M., Bonini S., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Botskariova S., Bouchard J., Boulet L.-P., Bourret R., Bousquet P., Braido F., Briggs A., Brightling C.E., Brozek J., Brussino L., Buhl R., Bumbacea R., Buquicchio R., Burguete Cabanas M.-T., Bush A., Busse W.W., Buters J., Caballero-Fonseca F., Calderon M.A., Calvo M., Camargos P., Camuzat T., Canevari F., Cano A., Canonican G.W., Capriles-Hulett A., Caraballo L., Cardona V., Carlsen K.-H., Carmona Pirez J., Caro J., Carr W., Carreiro-Martins P., Carreon-Asuncion F., Carriazo A.-M., CarrionyRibas C., Casale T., Castor M.-A., Castro E., Caviglia A.G., Cecchi L., Cepeda Sarabia A., Chalubinski M., Chandrasekharan R., Chang Y.-S., Chato-Andeza V., Chatzi L., Chatzidaki C., Chavannes N.H., Chaves Loureiro C., Chavez Garcia A.-A., Chelninska M., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chinthrajah S., Chivato T., Chkhartishvili E., Christoff G., Chrystyn H., Chu D.K., Chua A., Chuchalin A., Chung K.F., Ciceran A., Cingi C., Ciprandi G., Cirule I., Coelho A.-C., Compalati E., Constantinidis J., Correia de Sousa J., Costa E.M., Costa D., del Carmen Costa Dominguez M., Coste A., Cottini M., Cox L., Crisci C., Crivellaro M.A., Cruz A.A., Cullen J., Custovic A., Cvetkovski B., D'Amato G., da Silva J., Dahl R., Dahlen S.-E., Daniilidis V., Darjazini Nahhas L., Darsow U., Davies J., de Blay F., De Feo G., De Guia E., De la Torre Navarrete J.-R., De los Santos C., De Manuel Keenoy E., De Vries G., Deleanu D., Demoly P., Denburg J., Devillier P., Didier A., Dimic Janjic S., Dimou M., Dinh-Xuan A.T., Djukanovic R., Do Ceu Texeira M., Dokic D., Dominguez Silva M.G., Douagui H., Douladiris N., Doulaptsi M., Dray G., Dubakiene R., Dupas E., Durham S., Duse M., Dykewicz M., Ebo D., Edelbaher N., Eiwegger T., Eklund P., El-Gamal Y., El-Sayed Z.A., El-Sayed S.S., El-Seify M., Emuzyte R., Enecilla L., Erhola M., Espinoza H., Espinoza Contreras J.G., Farrell J., Fernandez L., Fimbres Jimenez P., Fink Wagner A., Fokkens W.J., Folletti L., Fontaine J.-F., Forastiere F., Fuentes Perez J.M., Gaerlan-Resureccion E., Gaga M., Galvez Romero J.L., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia A., Garcia Cobas C.Y., de la Luz Hortensia Garcia Cruz M., Ortiz V.G., Gayraud J., Gelardi M., Gemicioglu B., Gennimata D., Genova S., Gereda J., Gerth van Wijk R., Giuliano A., Gomez R.-M., Gonzalez Ballester M.-A., Gonzalez Diaz S., Gotua M., Grigoreas C., Grisle I., Guidacci M., Guldemond N., Gutter Z., Guzman A., Halloum R., Halpin D., Hamelmann E., Hammadi S., Harvey R., Heffler E., Heinrich J., Hejjaoui A., Hellquist-Dahl B., Hernandez Velazquez L., Hew M., Hossny E., Howarth P., Hrubisko M., Huerta Villalobos Y.R., Humbert M., Husain S., Hyland M., Ibrahim M., Ilina N., Illario M., Incorvaia C., Infantino A., Irani C., Ispayeva Z., Ivancevich J.C., Jares E.E., Jarvis D., Jassem E., Jenko K., Jimeneracruz Uscanga R.D., Johnston S.L., Joos G., Jost M., Julge K., Jung K.-S., Just J., Jutel M., Kaidashev I., Kalayci O., Kalyoncu F., Kapsali J., Kardas P., Karjalainen J., Kasala C.A., Katotomichelakis M., Kavaliukaite L., Bennoor K.S., Keil T., Keith P., Khaitov M., Khaltaev N., Kim Y.-Y., Kirenga B., Kleine-Tebbe J., Klimek L., Ko F.W., Koffi N'Goran B., Kompoti E., Kopac P., Koppelman G., Koren Jeverica A., Koskinen S., Kosnik M., Kostka T., Kostov K.V., Kowalski M.L., Kralimarkova T., Kramer Vrscaj K., Kraxner H., Kreft S., Kritikos V., Kudlay D., Kuitunen M., Kull I., Kuna P., Kupczyk M., Kvedariene V., Kyriakakou M., Lalek N., Landi M., Lane S., Larenas-Linnemann D.E., Lau S., Laune D., Lavrut J., Le L., Lenzenhuber M., Leo G., Lessa M., Levin M., Li J., Lieberman P., Liotta G., Lipworth B., Liu X., Lobo R., Lodrup Carlsen K.C., Lombardi C., Louis R., Loukidis S., Lourenco O., Luna Pech J.A., Madjar B., Maggi E., Magnan A., Mahboub B., Mair A., Maitland van der Zee A.-H., Makela M., Makris M., Malling H.-J., Mandajieva M., Manning P., Manousakis M., Maragoudakis P., Marseglia G., Marshall G., Masjedi M.R., Maspero J.F., Matta Campos J.J., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Meco C., Melen E., Melioli G., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E.O., Menditto E., Menzies-Gow A., Merk H., Michel J.-P., Micheli Y., Miculinic N., Midao L., Mihaltan F., Mikos N., Milanese M., Milenkovic B., Mitsias D., Moalla B., Moda G., Mogica Martinez M.D., Mohammad Y., Moharra F.-M., Moin M., Molimard M., Momas I., Mommers M., Monaco A., Montefort S., Montenegro L.-E., Monti R., Mora D., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mostafa B.E., Mullol J., Munter L., Muraro A., Murray R., Musarra A., Mustakov T., Naclerio R., Nadeau K.C., Nadif R., Nakonechna A., Namazova-Baranova L., Navarro-Locsin G., Neffen H., Nekam K., Neou A., Nettis E., Neuberger D., Nicod L., Nicola S., Niederberger-Leppin V., Niedoszytko M., Nieto A., Novellino E., Nunes E., Nyembue D., O'Hehir R.E., Odjakova C., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Oliver B., Onorato G.L., Orru M.P., Ouedraogo S., Ouoba K., Padilla F.-J., Paggiaro P.L., Pagkalos A., Pajno G., Pala G., Palaniappan S., Pali-Scholl I., Palkonen S., Palmer S., Panaitescu Bunu C., Panzner P., Papadopoulos N.G., Papanikolaou V., Papi A., Paralchev B., Paraskevopoulos G., Park H.-S., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Pavord I., Pawankar R., Pedersen S., Peleve S., Pellegino S., Pereira A., Pereira M., Perez T., Perna A., Peroni D., Pfaar O., Pham-Thi N., Pigearias B., Pin I., Piskou K., Pitsios C., Plavec D., Poethig D., Pohl W., Poplas Susic A., Popov T.A., Portejoie F., Potter P., Poulsen L., Prados-Torres A., Prarros F., Price D., Prokopakis E., Puggioni F., Puig-Domenech E., Puy R., Rabe K., Rabotti S., Raciborski F., Ramos J., Recalcati C., Recto M.T., Reda S.M., Regateiro F.S., Reider N., Reitsma S., Repka-Ramirez S., Ridolo E., Rimmer J., Rivero Yeverino D., Rizzo J.A., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Roberts G., Robles K., Roche N., Rodriguez Gonzalez M., Rodriguez Zagal E., Rolla G., Rolland C., Roller-Wirnsberger R., Roman Rodriguez M., Romano A., Romantowski J., Rombaux P., Romualdez J., Rosado-Pinto J., Rosario N., Rosenwasser L., Rossi O., Rottem M., Rouadi P.W., Rovina N., Rozman Sinur I., Ruiz M., Ruiz Segura L.T., Ryan D., Sagara H., Sakai D., Sakurai D., Saleh W., Salimaki J., Samitas K., Samolinski B., Sanchez Coronel M.G., Sanchez-Borges M., Sanchez-Lopez J., Sansonna M., Sarafoleanu C., Sarquis Serpa F., Sastre J., Savi E., Savonyte A., Sawaf B., Scadding G.K., Scheire S., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Schuhl J.F., Schunemann H., Schvalbova M., Schwarze J., Scichilone N., Senna G., Sepulveda C., Serrano E., Shamai S., Shields M., Shishkov V., Siafakas N., Simeonov A., Simons E.F., Sisul J.C., Sitkauskiene B., Skrindo I., Soklic Kosak T., Sole D., Sondermann M., Sooronbaev T., Soto-Martinez M., Soto-Quiros M., Pinto B.S., Sova M., Soyka M., Specjalski K., Sperl A., Spranger O., Stamataki S., Stefanaki L., Stellato C., Stelmach R., Strandberg T., Stute P., Subramaniam A., Suppli Ulrik C., Sutherland M., Sylvestre S., Syrigou A., Taborda Barata L., Takovska N., Tan R., Tan F., Tan V., Tang I.P., Taniguchi M., Tannert L., Tantilipikorn P., Tattersall J., Tesi F., Thieme U., Thijs C., Thomas M., To T., Todo-Bom A.M., Togias A., Tomazic P.-V., Tomic-Spiric V., Toppila-Salmi S., Torres Jaen M.-J., Toskala E., Triggiani M., Triller N., Triller K., Tsiligianni I., Uberti M., Ulmeanu R., Urbancic J., Urrutia Pereira M., Vachova M., Valdes F., Valenta R., Valentin Rostan M., Valero A., Valiulis A., Vallianatou M., Valovirta E., Van Eerd M., Van Ganse E., van Hage M., Vandenplas O., Vasankari T., Vassileva D., Velasco Munoz C., Ventura M.T., Vera-Munoz C., Viart F., Vicheva D., Vichyanond P., Vidgren P., Viegi G., Vogelmeier C., Von Hertzen L., Vontetsianos T., Vourdas D., Tran Thien Quan V., Wagenmann M., Walker S., Wallace D., De Wang Y., Waserman S., Wehner K., Wickman M., Williams S., Williams D., Wilson N., Wong G., Woo K., Wozniak L., Wright J., Wroczynski P., Xepapadaki P., Yakovliev P., Yamaguchi M., Yan K., Yap Y.Y., Yassin M., Yawn B., Yiallouros P., Yorgancioglu A., Yoshihara S., Young I., Yusuf O.B., Zaidi A., Zaitoun F., Zalud P., Zar H., Zedda M.T., Zernotti M.E., Zhang L., Zhong N., and Zidarn M.
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MAPK/ERK pathway ,ARIA group ,Allergy ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,NF-KAPPA-B ,debelost ,Review ,Pharmacology ,Resveratrol ,PROTECTS ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS ,ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,OXIDATIVE STRESS ,COVID-19 ,Foods ,Insulin resistance ,Nrf2 ,Nutrients ,Obesity ,TRPA1 ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,RESPIRATORY ,INSULIN-RESISTANCE ,Muscle cell proliferation ,SULFORAPHANE ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,SIGNALING PATHWAY ,Signal transduction ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,NRF2 ACTIVATORS ,MUSCLE-CELL PROLIFERATION ,Immunology ,610 Medicine & health ,Lung injury ,Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio ,ACUTE LUNG INJURY ,03 medical and health sciences ,COVID-19, Foods, Insulin resistance, Nrf2, Nutrients, Obesity, TRPA1 ,udc:616.9 ,odpornost proti inzulinu ,SULFORAPHANE PROTECTS ,Transcription factor ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,030304 developmental biology ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,food ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,hranila ,SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS ,business ,hrana ,GREEN TEA - Abstract
There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.
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- 2020
19. 57 th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
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Ian Kellar, Rodis Paparodis, Erkka Valo, Moritz Liebmann, Johan Røikjer, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Flemming Dela, Kamilla Miskowiak, Anna Syreeni, Morten Hasselstrøm Jensen, Judy Wright, Erika Parente, Sarah Alderson, Suganthiya S. Croosu, Jonathan Mertens, Mads Thomsen, Andreas Andersen, Marek Brabec, Carsten Dahl Mørch, Kari Kalliokoski, Bolette Hartmann, Ole Hejlesen, Matthew Gillum, Tine Hansen, Anna K Kirjavainen, Kirsi Laitinen, Hindrik Mulder, Julie Forman, Pirjo Nuutila, Gerrit Van Hall, Peter Rossing, Stefan Mutter, Rula Bany Bakar, Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg, and LENA THORN
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Abstracts ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Chemistry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Pancreatic islets ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,Microfluidics ,Internal Medicine ,Extracellular ,medicine ,Insulin secretion ,Sensing system ,Cell biology - Published
- 2021
20. Progression-free survival by investigator versus blinded independent central review in newly diagnosed patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer: Analysis of the VELIA/GOG-3005 trial
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Aikou Okamoto, Carol Aghajanian, Karina Dahl Steffensen, Gini F. Fleming, Robert L. Coleman, Michael A. Bookman, Elizabeth M. Swisher, Michael Friedlander, Camille Gunderson Jackson, Christine K. Ratajczak, and Danielle Sullivan
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Paclitaxel ,Veliparib ,Concordance ,Population ,Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial ,Phase 3 ,BICR ,Carboplatin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ovarian cancer ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Progression-free survival ,education ,neoplasms ,Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,VELIA ,BRCA mutation ,Hazard ratio ,Reproducibility of Results ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Progression-Free Survival ,Confidence interval ,PARP inhibitor ,030104 developmental biology ,GOG-3005 ,chemistry ,Research Design ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Benzimidazoles ,Female ,Neoplasm Grading ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In the phase 3 VELIA/GOG-3005 trial, veliparib added to carboplatin-paclitaxel and continued as maintenance improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to carboplatin-paclitaxel alone in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian carcinoma. Primary analysis of PFS was by investigator (INV) assessment, with a supplemental analysis of PFS by blinded independent central review (BICR).METHODS: Patients received veliparib or placebo with carboplatin-paclitaxel (6 cycles) and as maintenance (30 additional cycles). The primary analysis compared PFS in the veliparib-throughout arm to the carboplatin-paclitaxel only arm in the BRCA mutation (BRCAm), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and intention-to-treat (ITT) populations. Exploratory analyses of PFS in BRCA wildtype (BRCAwt), homologous recombination proficient (HRP), and HRD + BRCAwt populations were also performed. PFS per BICR and overall concordance rates between INV and BICR assessments were analyzed.RESULTS: Hazard ratios for PFS by INV and BICR were consistent in each of the primary analysis and exploratory populations. In the ITT population, median PFS per INV was 23.5 months in the veliparib-throughout arm versus 17.3 months in the control arm (hazard ratio [HR] 0.683, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.562-0.831; P CONCLUSIONS: Hazard ratios for PFS per BICR and per INV were consistent, with no suggestion of investigator bias. These findings support the reliability of PFS by INV in ovarian cancer trials.
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- 2021
21. Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue
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Kirsten Raun, Eva Johansson, Morten Schlein, Ulrich Sensfuss, Christian Poulsen, Simone Fulle, Kirsten Dahl, Lauge Schäffer, Ann Maria Kruse Hansen, Trine R. Clausen, Jakob Lerche Hansen, Charlotta Dornonville de la Cour, Rikke Bjerring Skyggebjerg, Thomas Kruse, and Claus Bekker Jeppesen
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Models, Molecular ,Drug ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Amylin ,macromolecular substances ,Pharmacology ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Drug Development ,Weight loss ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Amylin analogue ,Pancreatic hormone ,media_common ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Insulin ,Semaglutide ,Pramlintide ,Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ,Molecular Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A hallmark of the pancreatic hormone amylin is its high propensity toward the formation of amyloid fibrils, which makes it a challenging drug design effort. The amylin analogue pramlintide is commercially available for diabetes treatment as an adjunct to insulin therapy but requires three daily injections due to its short half-life. We report here the development of the stable, lipidated long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide (23) and some of the structure-activity efforts that led to the selection of this analogue for clinical development with obesity as an indication. Cagrilintide is currently in clinical trial and has induced significant weight loss when dosed alone or in combination with the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide.
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- 2021
22. Acute exposition to Roundup Transorb® induces systemic oxidative stress and alterations in the expression of newly sequenced genes in silverside fish (Odontesthes humensis)
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Gustavo M. Somoza, Antonio Sergio Varela Junior, Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo, Tony Silveira, Eduardo N. Dellagostin, William Borges Domingues, Carine Dahl Corcini, Mariana H. Remião, Adalto Bianchini, Patrícia Gomes Costa, Vinicius Farias Campos, and Amanda Weege Da Silveira Martins
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GENE EXPRESSION ,DNA damage ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,GLYPHOSATE ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Lipid peroxidation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,parasitic diseases ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ,HERBICIDE ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Cell damage ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Molecular biology ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,OXIDATIVE DAMAGE ,Hepatopancreas ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Roundup Transorb® (RDT) is a glyphosate-based herbicide commonly used in agricultural practices worldwide. This herbicide exerts negative effects on the aquatic ecosystem and affects bioenergetic and detoxification pathways, oxidative stress, and cell damage in marine organisms. These effects might also occur at the transcriptional level; however, the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress has not been studied well. Odontesthes humensis is a native Brazilian aquatic species naturally distributed in the habitats affected by pesticides, including Roundup Transorb® (RDT). This study evaluated the toxic effects of short-term exposure to RDT on O. humensis. Moreover, the genes related to oxidative stress were sequenced and characterized, and their expressions in the gills, hepatopancreas, kidneys, and brain of the fish were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The animals were exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations of RDT (2.07 and 3.68 mg L−1) for 24 h. Lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and apoptosis in erythrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. The expression of the target genes was modulated in most tissues in the presence of the highest tested concentration of RDT. In erythrocytes, the levels of lipid peroxidation, ROS, and DNA damage were increased in the presence of both the concentrations of RDT, whereas cell apoptosis was increased in the group exposed to 3.68 mg L−1 RDT. In conclusion, acute exposure to RDT caused oxidative stress in the fish, induced negative effects on cells, and modulated the expression of genes related to the enzymatic antioxidant system in O. humensis. Fil: Martins, Amanda Weege S.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil Fil: Silveira, Tony L. R.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasil Fil: Remião, Mariana H.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil Fil: Domingues, William Borges. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil Fil: Dellagostin, Eduardo N.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil Fil: Varela Junior, Antônio Sergio. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil Fil: Corcini, Carine D.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil Fil: Costa, Patrícia G.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasil Fil: Bianchini, Adalto. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasil Fil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina Fil: Robaldo, Ricardo B.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil Fil: Campos, Vinicius Farias. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil
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- 2021
23. Direct observation of heterogeneous formation of amyloid spherulites in real-time by super-resolution microscopy
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Min Zhang, Soeren S-R Bohr, Henrik Dahl Pinholt, Vito Foderà, Xin Zhou, Alessio Zaccone, Nikos S. Hatzakis, and Luca Banneta
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Amyloid ,Kinetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Amyloidogenic Proteins ,Protein aggregation ,BLENDS ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia ,FIBRILS ,DEPENDENCE ,Microscopy ,Insulin ,Humans ,GROWTH-KINETICS ,Super-resolution microscopy ,Chemistry ,Amyloidosis ,Energy landscape ,IN-VITRO ,Spherulite (polymer physics) ,Photobleaching ,BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN ,Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici ,Biophysics ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Real-time super-resolution microscopy analysis reveals the growth kinetics, morphology, and abundance of human insulin amyloid spherulites with different growth pathways.Protein misfolding in the form of fibrils or spherulites is involved in a spectrum of pathological abnormalities. Our current understanding of protein aggregation mechanisms has primarily relied on the use of spectrometric methods to determine the average growth rates and diffraction-limited microscopes with low temporal resolution to observe the large-scale morphologies of intermediates. We developed a REal-time kinetics via binding and Photobleaching LOcalization Microscopy (REPLOM) super-resolution method to directly observe and quantify the existence and abundance of diverse aggregate morphologies of human insulin, below the diffraction limit and extract their heterogeneous growth kinetics. Our results revealed that even the growth of microscopically identical aggregates, e.g., amyloid spherulites, may follow distinct pathways. Specifically, spherulites do not exclusively grow isotropically but, surprisingly, may also grow anisotropically, following similar pathways as reported for minerals and polymers. Combining our technique with machine learning approaches, we associated growth rates to specific morphological transitions and provided energy barriers and the energy landscape at the level of single aggregate morphology. Our unifying framework for the detection and analysis of spherulite growth can be extended to other self-assembled systems characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, disentangling the broad spectrum of diverse morphologies at the single-molecule level.
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- 2022
24. One‐Pot Synthesis of 11 C‐Labelled Primary Benzamides via Intermediate [ 11 C]Aroyl Dimethylaminopyridinium Salts
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Mélodie Ferrat, Magnus Schou, and Kenneth Dahl
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Primary (chemistry) ,010405 organic chemistry ,Aryl ,Organic Chemistry ,One-pot synthesis ,Halide ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Electrophile ,Benzamide ,Carbonylation ,Carbon monoxide - Abstract
Electrophilic 11 C-labelled aroyl dimethylaminopyridinium salts, obtained by carbonylative cross-coupling of aryl halides with [11 C]carbon monoxide, were prepared for the first time and shown to be valuable intermediates in the synthesis of primary [11 C]benzamides. The methodology furnished a set of benzamide model compounds, including the two poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors niraparib and veliparib, in moderate to excellent radiochemical yields. In addition to providing a convenient and practical route to primary [11 C]benzamides, the current method paves the way for future application of [11 C]aroyl dimethylaminopyridinium halide salts in positron emission tomography (PET) tracer synthesis.
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- 2021
25. Fully automated production of the fibroblast activation protein radiotracer [ 18 F]FAPI‐74
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Lovisa Bylund, Kenneth Dahl, Thuy A. Tran, Erik Samén, Emma Jussing, and Mohammad Mahdi Moein
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Aluminum fluoride ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Radiosynthesis ,Radiochemistry ,Pet imaging ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fully automated ,Fibroblast activation protein, alpha ,Yield (chemistry) ,Drug Discovery ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
We report herein an efficient and fully automated protocol for the radiosynthesis of [18 F]FAPI-74, a new positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical for in vivo detection of the fibroblast activation protein. [18 F]FAPI-74 was synthesized via a rapid [18 F]aluminum fluoride coordination reaction, which was first developed on the flexible GE TRACERLab FX2N (FXN) platform and later translated to the cassette-based module Trasis AllInOne (AIO). The results obtained with both modules were comparable in terms of yield and reproducibility. Automation of [18 F]FAPI-74 radiosynthesis on the FXN was carried out in 35 min with a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 18.5 ± 2.5% (n = 5, relative to starting [18 F]fluoride). Method transfer to the AIO platform following minor optimizations allowed for the production of [18 F]FAPI-74 in an isolated RCY of 20 ± 2.5% [n = 3] with an overall synthesis time of 40 min. The radiochemical purity was greater than 95% for [18 F]FAPI-74, obtained from both modules. Overall, the protocol reliably provides a sterile and pyrogen-free good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliant product of [18 F]FAPI-74 suitable for clinical PET imaging.
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- 2021
26. Cl-Amidine Improves Survival and Attenuates Kidney Injury in a Rabbit Model of Endotoxic Shock
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Yui Koike, Umar F. Bhatti, Jun Song, Zhenyu Wu, Yongqing Li, Julia Dahl, Yuzi Tian, Ali Z. Siddiqui, Ben E. Biesterveld, Jifeng Zhang, Qiufang Deng, Aaron M. Williams, Hasan B. Alam, Baoling Liu, and Jie Xu
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Lipopolysaccharides ,Ornithine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Lipopolysaccharide ,Pharmacology ,Kidney ,Extracellular Traps ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Peptidylarginine Deiminase ,Animals ,030212 general & internal medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Acute kidney injury ,Citrullination ,medicine.disease ,Shock, Septic ,Infectious Diseases ,Enzyme ,Histone ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Surgery ,Cl-amidine ,Rabbits ,business - Abstract
Objective: Sepsis causes millions of deaths on a global scale annually. Activation of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes in sepsis causes citrullination of histones, which results in neutroph...
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- 2021
27. Melittin-induced metabolic changes on the Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cell line
- Author
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Cristina Mendes Peter, Antonio Sergio Varela, Carine Dahl Corcini, Geferson Fischer, Lariane da Silva Barcelos, G.A. Vargas, Matheus Gomes Lopes, Marcelo de Lima, Tony Picoli, and S.O. Hübner
- Subjects
Necrosis ,medicine.disease_cause ,SF1-1100 ,Melittin ,Flow cytometry ,necrosis ,Lipid peroxidation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,veneno de abelha ,medicine ,membrana ,membrane ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,apoptose ,General Veterinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,apoptosis ,citotoxicidade ,Molecular biology ,bee venom ,Animal culture ,necrose ,Apoptosis ,Cell culture ,DNA fragmentation ,cytotoxicity ,medicine.symptom ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
In this study, the toxic effects of melittin on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells (MDBK) were analyzed with respect to mitochondrial functionality by reduction of MTT and flow cytometry, apoptosis potential, necrosis, oxygen reactive species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry and cell membrane destabilization by confocal microscopy. The toxicity presented dose-dependent characteristics and mitochondrial activity was inhibited by up to 78.24 ±3.59% (P
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- 2021
28. Monitoring for seismological and geochemical groundwater effects of high-volume pumping of natural gas at the Stenlille underground gas storage facility, Denmark
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Christian Nyrop Albers, Rasmus Jakobsen, Trine Dahl-Jensen, Peter H. Voss, Tina B. Bech, Carsten M. Nielsen, and Tine B. Larsen
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geography ,Natural gas storage ,QE1-996.5 ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,QC801-809 ,carbon capture ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,geochemical monitoring ,Geology ,co2 storage ,Anoxic waters ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,natural gas storage ,chemistry ,Natural gas ,Environmental chemistry ,Anaerobic oxidation of methane ,induced earthquakes ,Environmental science ,Microcosm ,business ,Groundwater ,Water well - Abstract
The large natural gas storage facility at Stenlille, Denmark, has been monitored to investigate the effect of pumping large amounts of gas into the subsurface. Here, we present a new dataset of microseismicity at Stenlille since 2018. We compare these data with methane in groundwater, which has been monitored since gas storage was established in 1989. Further, we conducted a controlled 172 day microcosm experiment of methane oxidation on an isolated microbial community under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. For this experiment, water was filtered from a well at Stenlille with elevated levels of thermogenic methane and ethane. No microseismic activity was detected in the gas storage area above an estimated detection level of ML 0.0 for the established network. The long-term monitoring for methane in groundwater has still only detected one leak, in 1995, related to a technical problem during injection. The microcosm experiment revealed that oxidation of methane occurred only under aerobic conditions during the experiment, as compared to anaerobic conditions, even though the filtered water was anoxic
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- 2021
29. Kidney function and markers of renal damage after renal denervation. Does method of measurement matter? The Reshape CV‐Risk Study
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Jon Viljar Norvik, A. Miroslawska, Marit Dahl Solbu, Terje K. Steigen, and Bjørn Odvar Eriksen
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Urinary system ,Urology ,Renal function ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Kidney ,urologic and male genital diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,urinary biomarkers ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Original Paper ,glomerular filtration rate ,Creatinine ,biology ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710 ,Middle Aged ,Denervation ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Basic medical, dental and veterinary science disciplines: 710 ,Renal Denervation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Cystatin C ,Hypertension ,Ambulatory ,biology.protein ,Albuminuria ,Biomarker (medicine) ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Data suggest that renal denervation (RDN) in treatment-resistant hypertension (TRHT) is safe in terms of renal function. However, most studies report kidney function as creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which may be biased by non-renal factors. Damage markers other than albuminuria have never been evaluated after RDN. In this non-randomized RDN trial, we studied changes in kidney function, assessed as measured GFR (mGFR) and various GFR estimates, six months and two years after RDN. We also examined changes in albuminuria and a biomarker of tubular dysfunction. Adult non-diabetic patients with TRHT and eGFR ≥45 ml/min/1.73 m2 were recruited from hypertension clinics. Before bilateral RDN, mGFR was measured by iohexol clearance. We estimated eGFR from serum creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcrea, eGFRcys, and eGFRcreacys), and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)-creatinine ratio (NAG-CR) were measured in spot urines. All measurements were repeated after six and twenty-four months. Twenty patients, mean age 54 (±9) years and baseline mGFR 83 (±20) ml/min/1.73 m2 underwent RDN. After six months, mGFR fell, eGFRcrea remained unchanged, whereas eGFRcys and eGFRcreacys increased. At 2 years’ follow-up, eGFRcreacys was significantly lower than at baseline. mGFR was 78 (±28) ml/min/1.73 m2. Change in ambulatory systolic BP predicted change in eGFRcrea. Urinary NAG-CR, but not ACR, increased during follow-up. Different GFR assessments gave diverging results after RDN. Therefore, care should be taken to method when evaluating kidney function after RDN. Increases in a tubular dysfunction biomarker suggest that kidney damage may occur. Long-term renal follow-up is needed after RDN.
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- 2021
30. AutoDetect-mNP: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithm for Automated Analysis of Transmission Electron Microscope Images of Metal Nanoparticles
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A. Paul Alivisatos, Xingzhi Wang, Teresa Head-Gordon, Jakob C. Dahl, Ivan A. Moreno-Hernandez, Jie Li, Justin C. Ondry, and Hyun Dong Ha
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Materials science ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,unsupervised learning ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Automated data ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,image analysis ,transmission electron microscopy ,Nanotechnology ,Metal nanoparticles ,QD1-999 ,Cadmium selenide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,Chemistry ,machine learning ,chemistry ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Quantum dot ,Unsupervised learning ,nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,Algorithm - Abstract
The synthesis quality of artificial inorganic nanocrystals is most often assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for which high-throughput advances have dramatically increased both the quantity and information richness of metal nanoparticle (mNP) characterization. Existing automated data analysis algorithms of TEM mNP images generally adopt a supervised approach, requiring a significant effort in human preparation of labeled data that reduces objectivity, efficiency, and generalizability. We have developed an unsupervised algorithm AutoDetect-mNP for automated analysis of TEM images that objectively extracts morphological information on convex mNPs from TEM images based on their shape attributes, requiring little to no human input in the process. The performance of AutoDetect-mNP is tested on two data sets of bright field TEM images of Au nanoparticles with different shapes and further extended to palladium nanocubes and cadmium selenide quantum dots, demonstrating that the algorithm is quantitatively reliable and can thus serve as a generalizable measure of the morphology distributions of any mNP synthesis. The AutoDetect-mNP algorithm will aid in future developments of high-throughput characterization of mNPs and the future advent of time-resolved TEM studies that can investigate reaction mechanisms of mNP synthesis and reactivity.
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- 2021
31. On the Effect of Water-Induced Degradation of Thin-Film Piezoelectric Microelectromechanical Systems
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Thomas Tybell, Paul Wittendorp, Jon Vedum, Jo Gjessing, Andreas Vogl, Frode Tyholdt, and Runar Plunnecke Dahl-Hansen
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Dielectric strength ,Mechanical Engineering ,Analytical chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Lead zirconate titanate ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Ferroelectricity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology ,Leakage (electronics) - Abstract
Lifetime and reliability in realistic operating conditions are important parameters for the application of thin-film piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (piezoMEMS) based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Humidity can induce time-dependent dielectric breakdown at a higher rate compared to dry conditions, and significantly alter the dynamic behavior of piezoMEMS-devices. Here we assess the lifetime and reliability of PZT-based micromirrors with and without humidity barriers operated at 23°C in an ambient of 0 and 95 % relative humidity. The correlation of the dynamic response, as well as the ferroelectric, dielectric, and leakage properties, with degradation time was investigated. In humid conditions, the median time-to-failure was increased from ${2.7\times }{10}^{4}{[1.9\times }{10}^{4}{-4.0\times }{10}^{4}{]}$ s to ${1.1\times }{10}^{6}{[0.9\times }{10}^{6}{-1.5\times }{10}^{6}{]}$ s at 20 $\text{V}_{{\mathrm {AC}}}$ continuous unipolar actuation, by using a 40 nm thick Al2O3 humidity barrier. However, the initial maximum angular deflection, polarization, and dielectric permittivity decreased by about 6, 11, and 12 %, respectively, for Al2O3 capped devices. For both bare and encapsulated devices, the onset of electrothermal breakdown-events was the dominant cause of degradation. Severe distortions in the device’s dynamic behavior, together with failure from loss of angular deflection, preceded time-dependent dielectric breakdown in 95% relative humidity. Moreover, due to the film-substrate stress transfer sensitivity of thin-film devices, water-induced degradation affects the reliability of thin-film piezoMEMS differently than bulk piezoMEMS. [2020-0228]
- Published
- 2021
32. Effects of Two Weekly Servings of Cod for 16 Weeks in Pregnancy on Maternal Iodine Status and Infant Neurodevelopment: Mommy's Food, a Randomized-Controlled Trial
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Maria Wik Markhus, Synnøve Næss, Lisa Kolden Midtbø, Marian Kjellevold, Ive Nerhus, Ingrid Kvestad, Mari Hysing, Lisbeth Dahl, and Inger Aakre
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Male ,Pediatrics ,Time Factors ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Recommended Dietary Allowances ,Nervous System ,law.invention ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Child Development ,Cognition ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Iodine and Endemic Goiter ,Pregnancy ,Medicine ,neurodevelopment ,iodine ,infants ,Norway ,Age Factors ,Fishes ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Nutritive Value ,RCT ,Child Language ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nutritional Status ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Motor Activity ,Iodine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,thyroid hormones ,business.industry ,Infant ,Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,medicine.disease ,Iodine deficiency ,Diet ,chemistry ,Seafood ,Thyroid hormones ,Observational study ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is still present in many countries, particularly in pregnant women. Observational studies suggest that mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy may be associated with impaired thyroid function and child neurodevelopment. Randomized-controlled food trials to increase iodine status are scarce. We assessed the impact of an increased intake of cod during pregnancy on maternal iodine status and infant neurodevelopment. Methods: In this randomized-controlled trial, pregnant women in Bergen, Norway, recruited through Haukeland University Hospital, were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention of 200 g of cod twice a week for 16 weeks (gestational week 20–36) or to continue with their standard diet (control group). Randomization was done by lottery. Primary outcome was urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (spot samples from six consecutive days) measured postintervention. Secondary outcome was infant neurodevelopment assessed by the cognitive, language, and motor scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Developmental third edition (Bayley-III) at 11 months of age. In addition, maternal thyroid function was measured (thyrotropin [TSH], free triiodothyronine [fT3], free thyroxine [fT4]) at baseline and postintervention. Results: Between January 2016 until February 2017, 137 women were recruited. Postintervention UIC was higher in the intervention group (n = 61) [median (interquartile range, IQR) 98 (64–145) μg/L], compared with control (n = 61) [median (IQR) 73 (52–120) μg/L] (p = 0.028), also after adjusting for baseline UIC (p = 0.048). Infants of mothers in the intervention group had a lower cognitive composite score on the Bayley-III compared with the control group (p = 0.045). There were no group differences in the Bayley III language- or motor composite scores. Maternal thyroid hormones (TSH, fT3, fT4) did not differ between the groups postintervention. Conclusions: Increased cod intake during pregnancy improved the iodine status in women with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, however, did not affect thyroid function. The negative effect on cognition should be followed up to assess whether this is a stable effect over time. More studies are warranted to enable good health advice on iodine nutrition in pregnancy. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02610959. Registered November 20, 2015.
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- 2021
33. Endogenous anti-streptavidin antibodies causing erroneous laboratory results more common than anticipated
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Ellen M Haave, Finn Erik Aas, Sandra Rinne Dahl, Per Medbøe Thorsby, and Louise K. Dahll
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Adult ,Streptavidin ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Endogeny ,Thyroid Function Tests ,Interference (genetic) ,Antibodies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biotin ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged, 80 and over ,Immunoassay ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Thyroid ,General Medicine ,Laboratory results ,Microspheres ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,Laboratories, Clinical - Abstract
All immunological methods are vulnerable to different kinds of interference. The purpose of this work was to study the cause and frequency of method-dependent interference in the Roche thyroid immunoassays. Serum samples with discordant thyroid function tests (TFT) were selected from samples sent to the Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital from June 2013 to September 2018. We identified 93 patients with discordant pathological TFT when analysed with the Roche methods and normal results when analysed with alternative methods. 42 of these samples were sent to Roche Diagnostics (Germany) for investigation of the interfering substance. Roche found interference to be caused by the presence of endogenous anti-streptavidin antibodies (ASA) (34 of 42 patients), ruthenium or the idiotype of the ruthenium labelled antibody (3 of 42 patients) and mouse antigens (1 of 42 patients). Method-dependent interference was estimated to affect 0.37% of the patients investigated in our laboratory. Interference due to the presence of endogenous ASA were further explored in other (non-thyroid) immunoassays by comparing analyte levels before and after pre-adsorption of the patients’ sera with streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. An underestimation of hormone levels was observed in sandwich immunoassays, while an overestimation was found in competitive assays. Method-dependent interference in Roche thyroid immunoassays is caused mainly by ASA and is not a very rare phenomenon. Misleading results may lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate medical treatment. The supplier of the assay should be alerted when the available alternative methodology reveals method-dependent errors.
- Published
- 2021
34. Expression of immunoreactive inducible nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic islet cells from newly diagnosed and long-term type 1 diabetic donors is heterogeneous and not disease-associated
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Knut Dahl-Jørgensen, Shiva Reddy, Lars Krogvold, Owen Martin, Charlton Martin, Kevin Xueying Sun, and Aamenah Al-Ani
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Adolescent ,endocrine system diseases ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Nitric Oxide ,Glucagon ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Nitric oxide ,Islets of Langerhans ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Beta (finance) ,Cells, Cultured ,Type 1 diabetes ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Islet ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Beta cell ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Exposure of isolated human islets to proinflammatory cytokines leads to up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), raised NO, and beta cell toxicity. These findings have led to increasing interest in the clinical utility of iNOS blockade to mitigate beta cell destruction in human type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, recent studies show that iNOS-derived NO may also confer beta cell protection. To investigate this dichotomy, we compared islet cell distributions and intensity of iNOS immunostaining in pancreatic sections, co-stained for insulin and glucagon, from new-onset T1D donors (group 1), with non-diabetic autoantibody-negative (group 2), non-diabetic autoantibody-positive (group 3) and long-term diabetic donors (group 4). The cellular origins of iNOS, its frequency and graded intensities in islets and number in peri-islet, intra-islet and exocrine regions were determined. All donors showed iNOS positivity, irrespective of disease and presence of beta cells, had variable labelling intensities, without significant differences in the frequency of iNOS-positive islets among study groups. iNOS was co-localised in selective beta, alpha and other endocrine cells, and in beta cell-negative islets of diabetic donors. The number of peri- and intra-islet iNOS cells was low, being significantly higher in the peri-islet area. Exocrine iNOS cells also remained low, but were much lower in group 1. We demonstrate that iNOS expression in islet cells is variable, heterogeneous and independent of co-existing beta cells. Its distribution and staining intensities in islets and extra-islet areas do not correlate with T1D or its duration. Interventions to inactivate the enzyme to alleviate disease are currently not justified.
- Published
- 2021
35. SAR study of 4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazoles: identification of small molecules that induce dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
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Louise Dahl Hultqvist, Martin Nilsson, Thomas E. Nielsen, Tim Tolker-Nielsen, Tim Holm Jakobsen, Charlotte Uldahl Jansen, Jens Bo Andersen, Michael Givskov, Jesper Uhd, and Katrine Qvortrup
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Stereochemistry ,Aryl ,Organic Chemistry ,Biofilm ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Ring (chemistry) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Small molecule ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,heterocyclic compounds ,Pharmacophore ,Anti biofilm - Abstract
By screening of a collection of 50 000 small-molecule compounds, we recently identified 4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazoles as a novel group of anti-biofilm agents. Here, we report a SAR study based on 60 analogues by examining ways in which the pharmacophore can be further optimized, for example, via substitutions in the aryl ring. The SAR study revealed the very potent anti-biofilm compound 4-(2-(2-fluorophenyl)hydrazineylidene)-5-imino-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (2).
- Published
- 2021
36. The Effect of Organics on Particle Formation and Growth from Methanesulfonic Acid, Amines and Water
- Author
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Arquero, Kristine Dahl
- Subjects
Atmospheric chemistry ,Chemistry ,Aerosol ,Amine ,Methanesulfonic Acid ,Organics ,Particle Formation - Abstract
Atmospheric particles negatively affect human health, limit visibility and impact climate. Their deleterious effects are known, but the mechanism of how particles form and grow in the atmosphere is not fully understood. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a large contributor to particle formation, but nucleation of H2SO4-H2O cannot explain atmospheric observations. Ammonia (NH3) can form particles with sulfuric acid, yet the ternary nucleation of H2SO4-NH3-H2O still does not match measurements, indicating the participation of other precursors. Amines have been shown to enhance particle formation and, despite their lower concentrations in air, can displace NH3 in clusters. As the use of sulfur-based fossil fuels is phased out, and consequently H2SO4 concentrations are reduced, methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is expected to become a more important source of particles. MSA does not form particles efficiently with water alone, but does so with amines and water. The reaction of MSA and ammonia/amines is dependent on relative humidity, basicity and amine structure. In this dissertation, the effect of four organic compounds on the reaction of methanesulfonic acid, amines and water is investigated. Experiments are conducted in a small volume aerosol flow reactor at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure (294 K, 1 atm). Early experiments show that the aerosol flow reactor is sensitive to order of addition of reactants. Laboratory results are interpreted along with results of theoretical calculations of initial clusters completed by the Gerber group. Results show that particle formation is influenced by proton transfer, hydrogen bonding capacity and basicity. Molecular structure can also impact particle formation and growth by influencing how initial clusters grow to detectable particles. Particle formation from organics and amines with and without water is inefficient in this system. Results show that, in the atmosphere, water likely overwhelms the effect of organics. Theoretical calculations give insight on how experimentally unobservable initial clusters of these systems correlates with detectable particles. The results of this work could aid atmospheric models in more accurately predicting the impact of particles on a regional and global level.
- Published
- 2017
37. Assessment of Four Studies on Developmental Neurotoxicity of Bisphenol A
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Jan Erik Paulsen, Mona-Lise Binderup, Tore Sanner, Knut Helkåas Dahl, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Edel Holene, Jan Alexander, Trine Husøy, Ragna Bogen Hetland, and Vibeke Thrane
- Subjects
Developmental neurotoxicity ,Bisphenol A ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Pharmacology ,business - Abstract
The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has on the request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) assessed four studies on developmental neurotoxicity following low dose exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) (Adriani et al., 2003; Carr et al., 2003; Negishi et al., 2004; Ryan and Vandenbergh, 2006). The background for the request is uncertainties related to developmental neurotoxcity of BPA raised by the Nordic environmental agencies in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. VKM was asked to consider if these studies provide sufficient evidence to set a lower no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in the hazard characterisation of BPA. Further, a Norwegian exposure scenario based on available exposure data should be performed. The task has been assessed by the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids, Materials in Contact with Food and Cosmetics (Panel 4). Bisphenol A (CAS number 80-05-7) is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polycarbonate, which is used to make food containers, such as beverage bottles, baby bottles, tableware and storage containers. It is also used as a precursor of certain epoxy resins used for protective coatings for food and beverage cans. BPA is permitted for use in food contact materials in the European Union (EU) with a specific migration limit (SML) of 0.6 mg/kg food. The migration limit in the EU regulations has yet to be modified according to an opinion from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) from 2006 where a new established tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.05 mg BPA/kg body weight (bw) was derived from a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg bw/day. A European Union Risk Assessment Report (RAR) of BPA produced in accordance with Council Regulation (EEC) 793/93 has recently been updated (April 2008) reviewing a previously requested 2-generation study in mice (Tyl et al., 2007) and new data on human exposure and effects of BPA. A NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw/day was suggested in this report. The Nordic environmental agencies (Norway, Sweden and Denmark) have participated in the discussions on this updated EU RAR of BPA and they strongly disagreed that this NOAEL also covers developmental neurotoxicity. According to the Nordic environmental agencies, the four above mentioned studies indicate a possible risk for developmental neurotoxicity of BPA at very low exposure levels (0.1-0.25 mg/kg bw/day). The position of the Nordic environmental agencies has been included as a footnote in the revised EU RAR. Recently, in April 2008, the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP), Health Canada and Environment Canada have published draft reports on effects of BPA, including developmental effects (neural and behavioural effects) and expressed some concern for neural and behavioural effects in fetuses, infants and children at current human exposures. The European Commission has therefore asked EFSA to further assess possible age dependent toxicokinetics of BPA in animals and humans and their implications for hazard and risk assessment of BPA taken into account the most recent information and data available. The present opinion from VKM Panel 4 is based on an evaluation of the design, conduct (or accomplishment) and the results in the four above mentioned studies. The study design has been evaluated in light of international recommendations given in relevant guidelines dealing with developmental neurotoxicity testing in animals. The recent international developments on BPA in the U.S. and Canada are not addressed in this opinion. The report by Tyl and co-workers was central in the EFSA opinion from 2006 and the updated EU RAR from 2008. The Tyl study is a GLP compliant 2-generation reproductive toxicity evaluation in mice performed according to a modified OECD 416 guideline. However, the study did not include functional tests for developmental neurotoxicity. VKM has reviewed the four above mentioned studies on neurodevelopmental toxicity of BPA as requested by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. Although the design and reporting of these studies suffer from major and serious shortcomings, the overall findings may raise some concern. It is the opinion of the VKM Panel 4 that the four studies do not provide sufficient evidence for setting a robust lower NOAEL for BPA than the current EFSA NOAEL of 5 mg/kg bw/day. The Panel is aware that the EU Commission recently has requested EFSA to re-evaluate the information available on BPA. In order to eliminate any uncertainty regarding potential developmental effects of BPA at low doses, it is recommended that a GLP compliant study is carried out according to OECD guideline 426. Such a study should utilize a broad concentration range from the very low doses up to those with known maternal effects. A Norwegian exposure scenario based on available data on exposure to BPA from food and beverages and via the environment was performed. In general, exposure levels of BPA in Norway are low. The estimated exposure of infants and children is in the range of 3.5 – 13.2 μg/kg bw/day, whereas the estimated aggregated exposure of adults is 1.5 μg/kg bw/day. As a result of the current use of BPA in food contact materials and other consumer products, infants and children are exposed to higher levels of BPA per kg body weight than the rest of the population.
- Published
- 2021
38. Apamin-induced alterations in J774 1.6 macrophage metabolism
- Author
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Matheus Gomes Lopes, Geferson Fischer, Lariane da Silva Barcelos, Carine Dahl Corcini, A. S. Varela Junior, S.O. Hübner, Cristina Mendes Peter, Marcelo de Lima, Tony Picoli, and Gilberto D'Ávila Vargas
- Subjects
função mitocondrial ,macrófago ,0301 basic medicine ,DNA damage ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,macrophage ,02 engineering and technology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Apamin ,SF1-1100 ,Lipid peroxidation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,citometria de fluxo ,mitochondrial function ,021105 building & construction ,medicine ,Inner mitochondrial membrane ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,General Veterinary ,flow cytometry ,citotoxicidade ,ROS ,Molecular biology ,Animal culture ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,cytotoxicity ,DNA fragmentation ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Among the immune system cells, macrophages have an important role. Apamin, a bee venom constituent, is important in the defense of these insects. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the metabolism of J774 1.6 macrophage cell line when exposed to isolated and purified apamin, using cytotoxicity tests by MTT reduction and analysis by flow cytometry (apoptosis / necrosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), membranous lipoperoxidation (LPO), electrical potential of the mitochondrial membrane (mMP) and DNA fragmentation). None of the tested concentrations (10 to 100μg/mL) were cytotoxic according to MTT reductions. Apoptosis rates decreased at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0μg/mL (P0.05). Apamin did not alter ROS, LPO, or DNA fragmentation. Therefore, all analyzed concentrations (1.25 to 10μg/mL) decreased mMP. Such decrease in apoptosis might be due to a suppression of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic messengers, as this peptide causes no oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Highly sensitive techniques are majorly important for proper interpretation of cellular toxicity mechanisms, combined with routine laboratory methods. RESUMO Das células do sistema imunológico, macrófagos desempenham um papel fundamental. Apamina, constituinte do veneno de abelhas, é importante na defesa destas. Objetivou-se avaliar o metabolismo da linhagem de macrófagos J774 1.6 expostos à apamina isolada e purificada, avaliando-se citotoxicidade por redução de MTT e análise por citometria de fluxo (apoptose / necrose, produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), lipoperoxidação membranosa (LPO), potencial elétrico da membrana mitocondrial (MMP) e fragmentação do DNA). Nenhuma concentração testada (10 a 100μg / mL) foi citotóxica. As taxas de apoptose diminuíram nas concentrações 2,5, 5,0 e 10,0μg / mL (P0,05). A apamina não alterou as ERO, a LPO nem a fragmentação do DNA. Portanto, todas as concentrações analisadas (1,25 a 10μg / mL) diminuíram a mMP. Tal diminuição na apoptose pode ser por uma supressão de mensageiros pró-apoptóticos mitocondriais, já que este peptídeo não causa estresse oxidativo, peroxidação lipídica nem dano ao DNA. Técnicas altamente sensíveis são importantes para adequada interpretação dos mecanismos de citotoxicidade.
- Published
- 2020
39. N6-methyladenosine in RNA of atherosclerotic plaques: An epitranscriptomic signature of human carotid atherosclerosis
- Author
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Ida Gregersen, Bente Halvorsen, Ana Quiles-Jiménez, Pål Aukrust, Mona Skjelland, Sverre Holm, Magnar Bjørås, Ingrun Alseth, Azhar Abbas, Tuva B. Dahl, Xiang Yi Kong, Karolina Skagen, and Mirta M. L. Sousa
- Subjects
Carotid Artery Diseases ,0301 basic medicine ,Adenosine ,Methyltransferase ,Biophysics ,Biology ,Methylation ,Biochemistry ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ,Molecular Biology ,Messenger RNA ,RNA ,Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating ,Methyltransferases ,Cell Biology ,Ribosomal RNA ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,Post-transcriptional modification ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,RNA, Ribosomal ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,medicine.symptom ,N6-Methyladenosine ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Background More than 170 post-transcriptional RNA modifications regulate the localization, processing and function of cellular RNAs, and aberrant RNA modifications have been linked to a range of human diseases. The RNA modification landscape in atherosclerosis, the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases, is still largely unknown. Methods We used mass spectrometry to analyse a selection of RNA-modifying enzymes and the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in carotid atherosclerotic lesion samples representing early and advanced stages of atherosclerosis as compared to non-atherosclerotic arteries from healthy controls. Findings (i) the detection of different levels of several enzymes involved in methylations occurring in rRNA and mRNA; (ii) these findings included changes in the levels of methyltransferases (‘writers’), binding proteins (‘readers’) and demethylases (‘erasers’) during atherosclerosis as compared to non-atherosclerotic control arteries, with generally the most prominent differences in samples from early atherosclerotic lesions; and (iii) these changes were accompanied by a marked downregulation of m6A in rRNA, the most abundant and well-studied modification in mRNA with a wide range of effects on cell biology. Interpretation We show for the first time that RNA-modifying enzymes and the well-studied RNA modification m6A are differentially regulated in atherosclerotic lesions, which potentially could help creating new prognostic and treatment strategies.
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- 2020
40. α-Synuclein promotes IAPP fibril formation in vitro and β-cell amyloid formation in vivo in mice
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Helena Edlund, Pär Steneberg, Ulf Dahl, Jurate Straseviciene, Marija Mucibabic, Emma Lindahl, Emmelie Lidh, and Agnieszka Ziolkowska
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Genetically modified mouse ,Amyloid ,endocrine system ,Science ,Peptide ,Substantia nigra ,Mice, Transgenic ,Protein aggregation ,Article ,Mice ,Protein Aggregates ,In vivo ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Animals ,Humans ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Type 2 diabetes ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ,Disease Models, Animal ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,alpha-Synuclein ,Medicine ,Protein folding - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), alike Parkinson’s disease (PD), belongs to the group of protein misfolding diseases (PMDs), which share aggregation of misfolded proteins as a hallmark. Although the major aggregating peptide in β-cells of T2D patients is Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), alpha-synuclein (αSyn), the aggregating peptide in substantia nigra neurons of PD patients, is expressed also in β-cells. Here we show that αSyn, encoded by Snca, is a component of amyloid extracted from pancreas of transgenic mice overexpressing human IAPP (denoted hIAPPtg mice) and from islets of T2D individuals. Notably, αSyn dose-dependently promoted IAPP fibril formation in vitro and tail-vein injection of αSyn in hIAPPtg mice enhanced β-cell amyloid formation in vivo whereas β-cell amyloid formation was reduced in hIAPPtg mice on a Snca −/− background. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that αSyn and IAPP co-aggregate both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a role for αSyn in β-cell amyloid formation.
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- 2020
41. Discovery and Early Clinical Development of Isobutyl 1-[8-Methoxy-5-(1-oxo-3H-isobenzofuran-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate (LEO 39652), a Novel 'Dual-Soft' PDE4 Inhibitor for Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
- Author
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Thomas Vifian, Tatiana G Stilou, Simon Feldbaek Nielsen, Maja Lambert, Jens Christian Højland Larsen, Tine Skak-Nielsen, Anders Soehoel, Pontus Hegardt, Lene M. Hansen, Nina Østergaard Knudsen, Morten Dahl Sørensen, Mogens Larsen, Cecilia Eskilsson, Steen Laursen, Stefan Eirefelt, Henrik Pettersson, and Anna Ollerstam
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0303 health sciences ,Isobenzofuran ,Chemistry ,Drug discovery ,Human skin ,Topical treatment ,Atopic dermatitis ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Target organ ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
We describe the design of a novel PDE4 scaffold and the exploration of the dual-soft concept to reduce systemic side effects via rapid elimination: introducing ester functionalities that can be inactivated in blood as well as by the liver (dual-soft) while being stable in human skin. Compound 40 was selected as a clinical candidate as it was potent and rapidly degraded by blood and liver to inactive metabolites and because in preclinical studies it showed high exposure at the target organ: the skin. Preclinical and clinical data are presented confirming the value of the dual-soft concept in reducing systemic exposure.
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- 2020
42. Discovery of argon in air-hydrate crystals in a deep ice core using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
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Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Kenji Kawamura, Tomoyuki Homma, Fumio Nakazawa, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Wataru Shigeyama, Tsutomu Uchida, and Ikumi Oyabu
- Subjects
Argon ,Scanning electron microscope ,Analytical chemistry ,Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,NEEM ice core ,Air hydrate ,chemistry ,Ice core ,argon ,Hydrate ,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,Geology ,scanning electron microscopy ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Tiny samples of ancient atmosphere in air bubbles within ice cores contain argon (Ar), which can be used to reconstruct past temperature changes. At a sufficient depth, the air bubbles are compressed by the overburden pressure under low temperature and transform into air-hydrate crystals. While the oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) molecules have indeed been identified in the air-hydrate crystals with Raman spectroscopy, direct observational knowledge of the distribution of Ar at depth within ice sheet and its enclathration has been lacking. In this study, we applied scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to five air-hydrate crystals in the Greenland NEEM ice core, finding them to contain Ar and N. Given that Ar cannot be detected by Raman spectroscopy, the method commonly used for O2 and N2, the SEM-EDS measurement method may become increasingly useful for measuring inert gases in deep ice cores.
- Published
- 2022
43. Age differences in diffusivity in the locus coeruleus and its ascending noradrenergic tract
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Shai Porat, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Martin J. Dahl, Josephine Yoon, Ulman Lindenberger, Nils Bodammer, Sandra Düzel, Yonggang Shi, Simone Kühn, Mara Mather, and Francesca Sibilia
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Aging ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Age differences ,Chemistry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Thermal diffusivity ,White Matter ,Arousal ,White matter ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Anisotropy ,Humans ,Locus coeruleus ,Locus Coeruleus ,Nucleus ,Aged - Abstract
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem nucleus that promotes arousal and attention. Recent studies have examined the microstructural properties of the LC using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and found unexpected age-related differences in fractional anisotropy - a measure of white matter integrity. Here, we used three datasets (Berlin Aging Study-II, N = 301, the Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions, N = 220, and Stockholm Sleepy Brain, N = 49), to replicate published findings and expand them by investigating diffusivity in the LC’s ascending noradrenergic bundle. In younger adults, LC fractional anisotropy was significantly lower, compared to older adults. However, in the LC’s ascending noradrenergic bundle, we observed significantly higher fractional anisotropy in younger adults, relative to older adults. These findings indicate that diffusivity in the LC versus the ascending noradrenergic bundle are both susceptible to microstructural changes in aging that have opposing effects on fractional anisotropy.HighlightsFractional anisotropy in the locus coeruleus was lower in younger adultsFractional anisotropy in the noradrenergic bundle was higher in younger adultsSleep deprivation may affect diffusivity in younger adults more than older adults
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- 2022
44. Identification and Quantification of Chemical Forms of Cu and Zn in MSWI Ashes Using XANES
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Jonas Dahl, Konstantin Klementiev, Britt-Marie Steenari, Mar Edo, and Jenny Rissler
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Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Oxide ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Chloride ,XANES ,Incineration ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Fly ash ,Bottom ash ,Environmental chemistry ,medicine ,Carbonate ,0204 chemical engineering ,Hydrozincite ,0210 nano-technology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Incineration is in many countries a common treatment method for municipal solid waste, and utilization of the ash residues has attracted significant interest. The bottom ash is best suited as a secondary construction material, whereas the fly ash is being investigated as a secondary raw material for recovery of, for example, Zn, Cu, and salts. For both types of application, knowledge about the chemical speciation of Zn and Cu in the ashes is valuable. The present work focuses on identifying and quantifying the chemical species of Zn and Cu in 12 samples of fly ash and bottom ash from three waste-to-energy plants using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The XANES spectra of the ash samples showed similar distinctive features, and both in the bottom and fly ash samples, the same chemical forms were identified but in various ratios. Cu and Zn occurred in several chemical forms, with typically 5-7 forms present in the same sample. For Cu, the XANES spectra of the fly ash samples were nearly identical, indicating very similar chemical speciation (same chemical forms and similar ratios). Cu was found to exist in various oxide, hydroxide, chloride, silicate, and metallic forms. The most commonly occurring Zn compounds were the aluminate, ferrite, silicate, and oxide along with chloride, basic carbonate (hydrozincite), and occasionally metallic forms, probably alloyed with Cu in brass. Cu occurred in different oxidation states from zero to +II, with a higher prevalence of the lower oxidation states in bottom ash than in fly ash. Zn occurred mainly in oxidation state +II in all ashes analyzed. Finally, we showed that during outdoor storage of bottom ash, levels of Cu and Zn hydroxycarbonates were increased compared to fresh bottom ash. This carbonate formation aims to make Cu and Zn less leachable.
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- 2020
45. Radiosynthesis of a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, [ 11 C]Tolebrutinib, via palladium‐NiXantphos‐mediated carbonylation
- Author
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Neil Vasdev, Timothy Turner, and Kenneth Dahl
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biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Radiosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acrylamide ,Drug Discovery ,biology.protein ,Bruton's tyrosine kinase ,Moiety ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Amine gas treating ,Carbonylation ,Tyrosine kinase ,Spectroscopy ,Preclinical imaging - Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component in the B-cell receptor signaling pathway and is consequently a target for in vivo imaging of B-cell malignancies as well as in multiple sclerosis (MS) with positron emission tomography (PET). A recent Phase 2b study with Sanofi's BTK inhibitor, Tolebrutinib (also known as [a.k.a.] SAR442168, PRN2246, or BTK'168) showed significantly reduced disease activity associated with MS. Herein, we report the radiosynthesis of [11 C]Tolebrutinib ([11 C]5) as a potential PET imaging agent for BTK. The N-[11 C]acrylamide moiety of [11 C]5 was labeled by 11 C-carbonylation starting from [11 C]CO, iodoethylene, and the secondary amine precursor via a novel palladium-NiXantphos-mediated carbonylation protocol, and the synthesis was fully automated using a commercial carbon-11 synthesis platform (TracerMaker™, Scansys Laboratorieteknik). [11 C]5 was obtained in a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 37 ± 2% (n = 5, relative to starting [11 C]CO activity) in >99% radiochemical purity, with an average molar activity of 45 GBq/μmol (1200 mCi/μmol). We envision that this methodology will be generally applicable for the syntheses of labeled N-acrylamides.
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- 2020
46. Analysis of epigenetic aging in vivo and in vitro: Factors controlling the speed and direction
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Evi X. Stavrou, David N. Wald, Mieko Matsuyama, Steve Horvath, Kyuhyeon Kim, Arne Søraas, Shigemi Matsuyama, John Arne Dahl, Marcos deLima, Paolo Caimi, and Sarah Yu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Hematopoietic stem cell ,Hypoxia (medical) ,Biology ,Genome ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,In vivo ,DNA methylation ,medicine ,Epigenetics ,medicine.symptom ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,DNA - Abstract
The mechanism of aging is not yet fully understood. It has been recognized that there are age-dependent changes in the DNA methylation pattern of the whole genome. To date, there are several DNA methylation-based estimators of the chronological age. A majority of the estimators use the DNA methylation data from a single tissue type, such as blood. In 2013, for the first time, Steve Horvath reported the DNA methylation-based age estimator (353 CpGs were used) that could be applied to multiple tissues. A refined, more sensitive version that uses 391 CpGs was subsequently developed and validated in human cells, including fibroblasts. In this review, the age predicted by DNA methylation-based age estimator is referred to as DNAmAge, and the biological process controlling the progression of DNAmAge is referred to as the epigenetic aging in this minireview. The concepts of DNAmAge and epigenetic aging provide us opportunities to discover previously unrecognized biological events controlling aging. In this article, we discuss the frequently asked questions regarding DNAmAge and the epigenetic aging by introducing recent studies of ours and others. We focus on addressing the following questions: (1) Is there any synchronization of DNAmAge between cells in a human body?, (2) Can we use in vitro (cell culture) systems to study the epigenetic aging?, (3) Is there an age limit of DNAmAge?, and (4) Is it possible to change the speed and direction of the epigenetic aging? We describe our current understandings to these questions and outline potential future directions. Impact statement Aging is associated with DNA methylation (DNAm) changes. Recent advancement of the whole-genome DNAm analysis technology allowed scientists to develop DNAm-based age estimators. A majority of these estimators use DNAm data from a single tissue type such as blood. In 2013, a multi-tissue age estimator using DNAm pattern of 353 CpGs was developed by Steve Horvath. This estimator was named “epigenetic clock”, and the improved version using DNAm pattern of 391 CpGs was developed in 2018. The estimated age by epigenetic clock is named DNAmAge. DNAmAge can be used as a biomarker of aging predicting the risk of age-associated diseases and mortality. Although the DNAm-based age estimators were developed, the mechanism of epigenetic aging is still enigmatic. The biological significance of epigenetic aging is not well understood, either. This minireview discusses the current understanding of the mechanism of epigenetic aging and the future direction of aging research.
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- 2020
47. OrthoFRET in Diamantane FRET in Orthogonal Stiff Dyads; Diamond Restriction for Frozen Vibrations
- Author
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Peter Mayer, Christian Dietl, Jeremy E. P. Dahl, Yaw-Terng Chern, Heinz Langhals, and Robert M. K. Carlson
- Subjects
Physics::Biological Physics ,Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules ,Chemistry ,Energy transfer ,Organic Chemistry ,Diamond ,engineering.material ,Quantitative Biology::Other ,Vibration ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Förster resonance energy transfer ,Cubane ,engineering ,Diamantane - Abstract
Energy transfer (FRET) proceeds in orthogonal dyads in contrast to Forster's theory and cannot be prohibited even by rigid interconnecting cage compounds such as cubane or diamantane, respectively.
- Published
- 2020
48. Efficiency and cell viability implications using tip type electroporation in zebrafish sperm cells
- Author
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Leandro S. Nunes, Antonio Sergio Varela, Izani Bonel Acosta, Gabriela T. Rassier, Charles Nunes Froes, William Borges Domingues, Eduardo B. Blödorn, Eliza Rossi Komninou, Eduardo N. Dellagostin, Carine Dahl Corcini, Vinicius Farias Campos, Larissa O. Daneluz, and Amanda Weege Da Silveira Martins
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,animal structures ,Cell Survival ,Fertilization in Vitro ,Semen analysis ,Transfection ,Exogenous DNA ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Viability assay ,Molecular Biology ,Zebrafish ,Danio rerio ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,urogenital system ,Chemistry ,Electroporation ,fungi ,Gene Transfer Techniques ,SMGT ,DNA ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Spermatozoa ,Sperm ,Mitochondria ,Cell biology ,Transgenesis ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,embryonic structures ,Sperm Motility ,Original Article ,Reactive Oxygen Species - Abstract
Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) has a potential use for zebrafish transgenesis. However, transfection into fish sperm cells still needs to be improved. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of tip type electroporation in zebrafish sperm, showing a protocol that provide high transfection efficiency, with minimal side-effects. Sperm was transfected with a Cy3-labelled DNA using tip type electroporation with voltages ranging from 500 to 1500 V. Sperm kinetics parameters were assessed using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) and cell integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial functionality and transfection rate were evaluated by flow cytometry. The transfection rates were positively affected by tip type electroporation, reaching 64.9% ± 3.6 in the lowest voltage used (500 V) and 86.6% ± 1.9 in the highest (1500 V). The percentage of overall motile sperm in the electrotransfected samples was found to decrease with increasing field strength (P 0.05). Overall results indicate that tip type electroporation enhances the internalization of exogenous DNA into zebrafish sperm cells with minimal harmful effects to sperm cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11033-020-05658-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2020
49. Loss of hepatic Mboat7 leads to liver fibrosis
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Judith A. H. Wodke, Oskar Knittelfelder, Jacobo Miranda Ackerman, Eleonora Patsenker, Malte von Bonin, Thomas Berg, Jochen Hampe, Alexander Hendricks, Veera Raghavan Thangapandi, Witigo von Schönfels, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Andreas Dahl, Elmar Aigner, S Nehring, Olga Vvedenskaya, A Herrmann, Andrej Shevchenko, Edda Klipp, Josch K. Pauling, Felix Stickel, Christian Datz, Pallavi Subramanian, Devavrat Ravindra Rekhade, Stephan Buch, Sebastian Hinz, Sebastian Zeissig, Clemens Schafmayer, Madlen Matz-Soja, Klaus Huse, Christoph Röcken, Marina Nati, and Mario Brosch
- Subjects
Male ,Liver Cirrhosis ,0301 basic medicine ,Biopsy ,Pathogenesis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Fibrosis ,Fatty liver ,NASH ,Gastroenterology ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis B ,3. Good health ,Liver ,Disease Progression ,Lysophosphatidylinositol ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Nafld ,Nash ,Liver Fibrosis, Lipidomics ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,liver fibrosis, lipidomics ,Genotype ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,NAFLD ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Aged ,Inflammation ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Membrane Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Haplotypes ,chemistry ,Steatosis ,Hepatic fibrosis ,business ,Acyltransferases - Abstract
ObjectiveThe rs641738C>T variant located near the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) locus is associated with fibrosis in liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-related liver disease, hepatitis B and C. We aim to understand the mechanism by which the rs641738C>T variant contributes to pathogenesis of NAFLD.DesignMice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of MBOAT7 (Mboat7Δhep) were generated and livers were characterised by histology, flow cytometry, qPCR, RNA sequencing and lipidomics. We analysed the association of rs641738C>T genotype with liver inflammation and fibrosis in 846 NAFLD patients and obtained genotype-specific liver lipidomes from 280 human biopsies.ResultsAllelic imbalance analysis of heterozygous human liver samples pointed to lower expression of the MBOAT7 transcript on the rs641738C>T haplotype. Mboat7Δhep mice showed spontaneous steatosis characterised by increased hepatic cholesterol ester content after 10 weeks. After 6 weeks on a high fat, methionine-low, choline-deficient diet, mice developed increased hepatic fibrosis as measured by picrosirius staining (p<0.05), hydroxyproline content (p<0.05) and transcriptomics, while the inflammatory cell populations and inflammatory mediators were minimally affected. In a human biopsied NAFLD cohort, MBOAT7 rs641738C>T was associated with fibrosis (p=0.004) independent of the presence of histological inflammation. Liver lipidomes of Mboat7Δhep mice and human rs641738TT carriers with fibrosis showed increased total lysophosphatidylinositol levels. The altered lysophosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol subspecies in MBOAT7Δhep livers and human rs641738TT carriers were similar.ConclusionMboat7 deficiency in mice and human points to an inflammation-independent pathway of liver fibrosis that may be mediated by lipid signalling and a potentially targetable treatment option in NAFLD.
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- 2020
50. Sex differences in aortic valve calcification in severe aortic valve stenosis: association between computer tomography assessed calcification and valvular calcium concentrations
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Louise Linde, Jordi S. Dahl, Kristian Laursen, Lars Melholt Rasmussen, Jacob E. Møller, Pia Søndergaard Jensen, Rasmus Carter-Storch, Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen, Nicolaj Lyhne Christensen, and Kristian A. Øvrehus
- Subjects
sex differences ,Male ,Aortic valve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Renal function ,aortic valve calcification ,aortic valve stenosis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Calcium ,Severity of Illness Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aortic valve replacement ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sex Characteristics ,Computers ,business.industry ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Echocardiography, Doppler ,Stenosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,computer tomography (CT) ,chemistry ,Aortic Valve ,Aortic valve stenosis ,Cardiology ,Female ,Aortic valve calcification ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Calcification - Abstract
Aims The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation and sex differences between total valve calcium, valve calcium concentration, and aortic valve calcification (AVC) in explanted valves from patients with severe aortic valve stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods and results Sixty-nine patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) scheduled for elective AVR underwent echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT) prior to surgery (AVCin vivo) and CT of the explanted aortic valve (AVCex vivo). Explanted valves were prepared in acid solution, sonicated, and analysed with Arsenazo III dye to estimate total valve calcium and valve calcium concentration. Median AVCex vivo was 2082 (1421–2973) AU; mean valve calcium concentration was 1.43 ± 0.42 µmol Ca2+/mg tissue; median total valve calcium 156 (111–255) mg Ca2+, and valve calcium density 52 (35–81) mg/cm2. AVC displayed a strong correlation with total valve calcium (R2 = 0.98, P Conclusion AVC score provides a strong estimate for total valve calcium but to a lesser degree calcium concentration in the valve tissue of patients with severe AS. Females presented lower valvular calcium concentrations than males irrespective of AS severity, adding evidence and providing support to the important point that sex differences in valvular calcium concentration in AS does not reflect valvular size.
- Published
- 2020
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