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The detection of surface defects in metal materials has been a challenging issue in the industrial domain. The existing algorithms for metal surface defect detection are limited to a few specific types of defects and exhibit low performance with detection of defects of varying scales. A novel detection method based on the Information Enhancement YOLOv5 Network (IE-YOLOv5) for surface defects in metal parts is proposed, to realize efficient detection, which introduces a lightweight Federated Fusion Slim Neck module (FF-Slim-Neck) and a Parameter-free Spatial Attention mechanism (PSA) in YOLOv5 network. Comparative experiments were conducted using the NEU-DET dataset. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm for detecting defects on metal surfaces achieves an average precision of 96.7% when identifying six different types of surface imperfections: crazing, inclusions, patches, pitting, scaling, and scratches. This represents a 2.4% enhancement in precision compared to the YOLOv5 algorithm. The measured processing velocity of this approach stands at 46.17 frames per second (FPS), highlighting its remarkable qualities of resilience, precision, and real-time capability.

An acoustic black hole (ABH) has been applied in the regulation of structural performance to form the aggregation effect of elastic waves in the local area of the structure, which has been used in energy harvesting in recent years. The piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (VEH) integrated with the beam of a bilateral periodic 1D ABH is proposed in this study. The theoretical model of the proposed VEH is established and analyzed based on the transfer matrix method. The performance of the VEHs is numerically simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulation results show that the performance of the bilateral ABH beam is higher than its traditional counterpart. Finally, the performance of the proposed VEH is validated in an experimental system. The experimental results show that the peak output voltage of the VEH Model 3 can reach 169.16 V, which is 1.9 times that of the traditional one. In the optimal impedance matching, the output power of the third bilateral VEH is 2.7 times that of the traditional ABH, which can reach 91.52 mW.