168 results on '"Chi, Peng"'
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2. Potential Protection Effect of ER Homeostasis of N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine Isolated from Cordyceps cicadae in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Stimulated Human Proximal Tubular Cells
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Charng-Cherng Chyau, Huei-Lin Wu, Chiung-Chi Peng, Shiau-Huei Huang, Chin-Chu Chen, Cheng-Hsu Chen, and Robert Y. Peng
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ,oxidative stress ,renal HK–2 cells ,diclofenac ,meloxicam ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to a class of universally and commonly used anti-inflammatory analgesics worldwide. A diversity of drawbacks of NSAIDs have been reported including cellular oxidative stress, which in turn triggers the accumulation of unfolded proteins, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and finally resulting in renal cell damage. Cordyceps cicadae (CC) has been used as a traditional medicine for improving renal function via its anti-inflammatory effects. N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenosine (HEA), a physiologically active compound, has been reported from CC mycelia (CCM) with anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesize that HEA could protect human proximal tubular cells (HK–2) from NSAID-mediated effects on differential gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels. To verify this, we first isolated HEA from CCM using Sephadex® LH–20 column chromatography. The MTT assay revealed HEA to be nontoxic up to 100 µM toward HK–2 cells. The HK–2 cells were pretreated with HEA (10–20 µM) and then insulted with the NSAIDs diclofenac (DCF, 200 µM) and meloxicam (MXC, 400 µM) for 24 h. HEA (20 µM) effectively prevented ER stress by attenuating ROS production (p < 0.001) and gene expression of ATF–6, PERK, IRE1α, CDCFHOP, IL1β, and NFκB within 24 h. Moreover, HEA reversed the increase of GRP78 and CHOP protein expression levels induced by DCF and MXC, and restored the ER homeostasis. These results demonstrated that HEA treatments effectively protect against DCF- and MXC-induced ER stress damage in human proximal tubular cells through regulation of the GRP78/ATF6/PERK/IRE1α/CHOP pathway.
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- 2021
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3. Nifedipine Exacerbates Lipogenesis in the Kidney via KIM-1, CD36, and SREBP Upregulation: Implications from an Animal Model for Human Study
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Yen-Chung Lin, Jhih-Cheng Wang, Mai-Szu Wu, Yuh-Feng Lin, Chang-Rong Chen, Chang-Yu Chen, Kuan-Chou Chen, and Chiung-Chi Peng
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chronic kidney disease ,calcium channel blocker ,lipid ,SREBP ,CD36 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Dysregulation of fatty acid oxidation and accumulation of fatty acids can cause kidney injury. Nifedipine modulates lipogenesis-related transcriptional factor SREBP-1/2 in proximal tubular cells by inhibiting the Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which nifedipine (NF) modulates lipotoxicity in vivo are unclear. Here, we examined the effect of NF in a doxorubicin (DR)-induced kidney injury rat model. Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into control, DR, DR+NF, and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. The DR, DR+NF, and HFD groups showed hypertension and proteinuria. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis showed that NF significantly induced TNF-α, CD36, SREBP-1/2, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression and renal fibrosis, and reduced fatty acid synthase and AMPK compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, 18 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who received renal transplants were enrolled to examine their graft fibrosis and lipid contents via transient elastography. Low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with CKD strongly correlated with lipid contents and fibrosis in grafted kidneys (p < 0.05). Thus, NF may initiate lipogenesis through the SREBP-1/2/AMPK pathway and lipid uptake by CD36 upregulation and aggravate renal fibrosis in vivo. Higher low-density lipoprotein levels may correlate with renal fibrosis and lipid accumulation in grafted kidneys of patients with CKD.
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- 2020
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4. Bicalutamide Elicits Renal Damage by Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction via ROS Damage and Upregulation of HIF-1
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Kuan-Chou Chen, Chang-Rong Chen, Chang-Yu Chen, Kai-Yi Tzou, Chiung-Chi Peng, and Robert Y. Peng
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bicalutamide (Bic) ,rat mesangial cell (RMC) line ,mitochondrial dysfunction ,HIF-1 ,oxygen consumption rate (OCR) ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Combined androgen blockade using bicalutamide (Bic) is a therapeutic choice for treating prostate cancer (PCa). However, even at regular clinical dosages, Bic frequently shows adverse effects associated with cardiovascular and renal damage. Previously, we found that Bic selectively damaged mesangial cells compared to tubular cells and in an in vivo rat model, we also found renal damage caused by Bic. In the present study, a rat mesangial cell model was used to further the investigation. Results indicated that Bic enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lysosome population and kidney injury molecule-1 and decreased N-cadherin. Bic elicited mitochondrial swelling and reduced the mitochondrial potential, resulting in severe suppression of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), maximum respiration and ATP production. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 transcriptional activity and messenger RNA were significantly upregulated in dose-dependent manners. The HIF-1 protein reached a peak value at 24 h then rapidly decayed. BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein-interacting protein 3 and cleaved caspase-3 were dose-dependently upregulated by Bic (60 M) and that eventually led to cell apoptosis. It is suggested that Bic induces renal damage via ROS and modulates HIF-1 pathway and clinically, some protective agents like antioxidants are recommended for co-treatment.
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- 2020
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5. Nifedipine Upregulates ATF6-α, Caspases -12, -3, and -7 Implicating Lipotoxicity-Associated Renal ER Stress
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Chiung-Chi Peng, Chang-Rong Chen, Chang-Yu Chen, Yen-Chung Lin, Kuan-Chou Chen, and Robert Y. Peng
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chronic kidney disease ,nifedipine ,ER stress ,ATF6α ,lipotoxicity ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Nifedipine (NF) is reported to have many beneficial effects in antihypertensive therapy. Recently, we found that NF induced lipid accumulation in renal tubular cells. Palmitic acid-induced renal lipotoxicity was found to be partially mediated by endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, while it can also be elicited by NF in kidney cells; we examined the induction of suspected pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models. NRK52E cells cultured in high-glucose medium were treated with NF (30 µM) for 24–48 h. ER stress-induced lipotoxicity was explored by staining with thioflavin T and Nile red, transmission electron microscopy, terminal uridine nick-end labeling, and Western blotting. ER stress was also investigated in rats with induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) fed NF for four weeks. NF induced the production of unfolded protein aggregates, resulting in ER stress, as evidenced by the upregulation of glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and caspases-12, -3, and -7. In vitro early apoptosis was more predominant than late apoptosis. Most importantly, ATF6α was confirmed to play a unique role in NF-induced ER stress in both models. CKD patients with hypertension should not undergo NF therapy. In cases where it is required, alleviation of ER stress should be considered to avoid further damaging the kidneys.
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- 2020
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6. Effects of combined soil amendments on Cd accumulation, translocation and food safety in rice: a field study in southern China
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Peng Zeng, Wenli Feng, Zhaohui Guo, Hongzhen Ran, Xiyuan Xiao, Chi Peng, Shuaixia Liu, and Lei Shi
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Cadmium ,Environmental Engineering ,Oryza sativa ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,engineering.material ,Straw ,complex mixtures ,Soil conditioner ,Animal science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Soil water ,engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Fertilizer ,Organic fertilizer ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Lime - Abstract
Excessive Cd content and high Cd/Zn ratio in rice grains threaten human health. To study the reduction effects of combined soil amendments on Cd content and Cd/Zn ratio in rice planting in soils with different Cd contamination levels, we conducted field trials in three regions of Hunan province, China. Six field treatments were designed in each study area, including control (CK), lime alone (L), lime combined with sepiolite (LS), phosphate fertilizer (LP), organic fertilizer (LO) and phosphate fertilizer + organic fertilizer (LPO). The application of the combined amendments reduced the Cd content in rice grains to less than the Food Health Standard of China (0.2 mg/kg) and the Cd/Zn ratio to less than the safety threshold of 0.015. The average reduction rates of grain Cd content under the combined treatments among the three regions increased with the increase in Cd content in the soil. Meanwhile, the amendments also decreased the soil available Cd and Zn concentration significantly. The LO had the highest efficiency on decreasing Cd content in rice grains among these amendments, which is ranged from 44.6% to 52.8% in the three regions compared with CK. Similarly, high reduction rates of Cd/Zn ratio were found in the LO treatment, with an average value of 57.3% among the three regions. The grain Cd contents and Cd/Zn ratios were significantly correlated with the soil available Cd concentrations, plant uptake factor and the straw to rice grain translocation factor (TFgs) (P
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- 2021
7. High-Throughput Screening and Quantification of Pesticides in Paprika by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS
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Xuan Liu, Chih-Kang Lo, Chi-Peng Chang, Xu Wang, and Yan-hong Fan
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Detection limit ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Chromatography ,Pesticide residue ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Pesticide ,Mass spectrometry ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Sample preparation ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Safety Research ,Quantitative analysis (chemistry) ,Food Science - Abstract
In this study, a multi-component analytical method for the detection of pesticide residues in paprika by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed and validated. The sample preparation is based on an extraction step with acetonitrile followed by a cleanup step using dispersive solid-phase extraction. Mass accuracies with errors of less than 5 ppm and a retention time tolerance of 0.2 min were observed for all selected pesticides. The UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method was validated according to linearity, limit of quantification, and recovery. Applying the developed method to real samples, 22.8 μg kg−1 of triazophos was found in one of the paprika sample, which was beyond the maximum residue levels. The results showed that the developed method could be routinely used for the screening and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in paprika.
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- 2021
8. Nifedipine Modulates Renal Lipogenesis via the AMPK-SREBP Transcriptional Pathway
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Yen-Chung Lin, Mai-Szu Wu, Yuh-Feng Lin, Chang-Rong Chen, Chang-Yu Chen, Chang-Jui Chen, Che-Chou Shen, Kuan-Chou Chen, and Chiung-Chi Peng
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nifedipine ,renal lipotoxicity ,AMPK ,calcium channel blockers ,lipin-1 ,sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1/2 (SREBP1/2) ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Lipid accumulation in renal cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease, and lipotoxicity in the kidney can be a surrogate marker for renal failure or renal fibrosis. Fatty acid oxidation provides energy to renal tubular cells. Ca2+ is required for mitochondrial ATP production and to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, how nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker) affects lipogenesis is unknown. We utilized rat NRK52E cells pre-treated with varying concentrations of nifedipine to examine the activity of lipogenesis enzymes and lipotoxicity. A positive control exposed to oleic acid was used for comparison. Nifedipine was found to activate acetyl Coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, long chain fatty acyl CoA elongase, ATP-citrate lyase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, suggesting elevated production of cholesterol and phospholipids. Nifedipine exposure induced a vast accumulation of cytosolic free fatty acids (FFA) and stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, upregulated CD36 and KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1) expression, inhibited p-AMPK activity, and triggered the expression of SREBP-1/2 and lipin-1, underscoring the potential of nifedipine to induce lipotoxicity with renal damage. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating nifedipine-induced lipid accumulation in the kidney.
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- 2019
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9. Physiological responses, tolerance efficiency, and phytoextraction potential of Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba under Cd stress in hydroponic condition
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Zhaohui Guo, Peng Zeng, Chi Peng, Ataa Fosua Bridget, Xiyuan Xiao, and Cong Zhou
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0106 biological sciences ,Cadmium ,biology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Physiological responses ,Hylotelephium spectabile ,Phytoremediation ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A sand hydroponic experiment with different concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg L−1 Cd was used to study the growth and physiological response of Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba. and it...
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- 2020
10. Physiological responses of Morus alba L. in heavy metal(loid)–contaminated soil and its associated improvement of the microbial diversity
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Zhaohui Guo, Xiyuan Xiao, Chi Peng, Peng Zeng, and Fenglian Huang
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Environmental remediation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Microorganism ,Root system ,010501 environmental sciences ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Metals, Heavy ,Mycorrhizae ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecotoxicology ,Soil Microbiology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Rhizosphere ,Bacteria ,Chemistry ,fungi ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Horticulture ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Soil water ,Morus - Abstract
Woody plants have considerable application potential in the phytoremediation schemes, owing to their long-lived large biomass and prosperous root systems in heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soil. Under greenhouse conditions, the physiological response characteristics and phytoremediation possibility of Morus alba L. and its associated improvement of the bacterial and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversities in heavy metal(loid) co-contaminated soils were investigated. The results showed that the cultivated M. alba L. plant exhibited significant tolerance against the heavy metal(loid)s in co-contaminated soil and that the microbial diversities were improved notably. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in M. alba L. leaves decreased with cultivation from 90 to 270 days, while the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities were maintained at normal levels to eliminate the production of lipid peroxides. The chemical compositions (e.g. amino acids, carbohydrates and proteins) in the root of M. alba L. fluctuated slightly throughout the cultivation period. Meanwhile, Cd, Pb and Zn were majorly concentrated in the M. alba L. roots, and the maximum contents were 23.4, 7.40 and 615.5 mg/kg, respectively. According to the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis results, the influence of M. alba L. on the rhizosphere AMF community was greater than that on the bacteria community. Meanwhile, the bacterial and AMF Shannon diversity indexes in the contaminated soil were enhanced by 18.7-22.0% and 7.14-16.4%, respectively, with the presence of M. alba L. Furthermore, the correlations between the availability of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn and Shannon diversity indexes of the bacterial and AMF communities were significantly (p < 0.05) positive with the phytoremediation of M. alba L. Therefore, M. alba L. can be suggested as a potential plant candidate for ecological remediation and for simultaneously improving the activity and diversity of microorganisms in contaminated soils.
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- 2019
11. Extraction of Cd and Pb from contaminated-paddy soil with EDTA, DTPA, citric acid and FeCl3 and effects on soil fertility
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Peter Christie, Zhaohui Guo, Chi Peng, Xiyuan Xiao, Shu-hui Men, Longhua Wu, and Fang Liang
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,Extraction (chemistry) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Metals and Alloys ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Soil pH ,Environmental chemistry ,medicine ,Cation-exchange capacity ,Ferric ,Organic matter ,Soil fertility ,Citric acid ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Potentially toxic metals, Cd and Pb in paddy soil, have important meanings for safety of rice. A comparison extraction of Cd and Pb with EDTA, DTPA, citric acid, and FeCl3 and effects on soil fertility was studied. Results indicate that about 59% and 63% of soil Cd and Pb were simultaneously removed by 10 g/L EDTA at pH 5 with a soil/extractant ratio of 1:10 (W/V) for 30 min while 52% and 51% by 5 g/L DTPA. Acid extractable and reducible Cd by EDTA and DTPA contributed 58% and 53% of the removals and acid extractable and reducible Pb were about 49% and 41%, respectively. Slight changes of soil fertility, including pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and soil extractable phosphorus, were observed. Extractions of citric acid and ferric chloride, however, were only efficient for Cd and the soil pH was decreased significantly. This study suggests that EDTA and DTPA can be considered as suitable agents to clean up the paddy soils contaminated with potentially toxic metals.
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- 2019
12. A Modular Approach to the Antifungal Sphingofungin Family: Concise Total Synthesis of Sphingofungin A and C
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Marcel Kaiser, Chia-Chi Peng, Christine Beemelmanns, Helmar Görls, and Luka Raguž
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Double bond ,010405 organic chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Antiparasitic ,medicine.drug_class ,Total synthesis ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Stereocenter ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biosynthesis ,Yield (chemistry) ,Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ,Tartaric acid ,Salt metathesis reaction ,medicine ,Amino Acids - Abstract
Sphingofungins are fungal natural products known to inhibit the biosynthesis of sphingolipids which play pivotal roles in various cell functions. Here, we report a short and flexible synthetic approach towards the sphingofungin family. Key step of the synthesis was a decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction of chiral sulfinyl imines with a functionalized tartaric acid derivative, which yielded the core motive of sphingofungins carrying four consecutive stereocenters and a terminal double bond. Subsequent metathesis reaction allowed for the introduction of different side chains of choice resulting in a total of eight sphingofungins, including for the first time sphingofungin C (eight steps from commercially available protected tartaric acid with an overall yield of 6%) and sphingofungin A (ten steps). All newly synthesized derivatives were tested for their antifungal, cell proliferative and antiparasitic activity unraveling their structure-activity relations.
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- 2021
13. Phytoextraction Potential of Arsenic And Cadmium And Response of Rhizosphere Microbial Community By Intercropping With Two Types of Hyperaccumulators
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Xiaoyan Wang, Chi Peng, Xiao Xiyuan, Xiaohui Wang, Guo Zhaohui, and Cong Zhou
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Rhizosphere ,Cadmium ,Microbiota ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Intercropping ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Arsenic ,Phytoremediation ,Microbial population biology ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hyperaccumulator - Abstract
Intercropping with hyperaccumulators/accumulators is a promising alternative to enhance phytoextraction of heavy metal(loid)s in contaminated soil. In this research, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of intercropping As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. with Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance or accumulator Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba on the plant growth, As and Cd phytoextraction, and rhizosphere bacterial microbiota. The results indicated that intercropping can promote the growth of plants. The total biomass of P. vittata, S. alfredii and H. spectabile in intercropping systems was significantly improved by 19.9% - 34.1%, 16.8% and 11.5%, respectively in comparison with corresponding plant monoculture. The As content in rhizoid and frond of P. vittata when intercropped with S. alfredii was increased by 28.3% and 19.0% (P < 0.05), respectively as compared with P. vittata monoculture, and this treatment acquired the maximum As and Cd accumulation with 2032 and 397 µg∙pot-1, respectively. Intercropping enhanced the soil bacterial community diversity. The genera of Lysobacter in S. alfredii rhizosphere soil and Massilia in P. vittata rhizosphere soil had higher abundance in the intercropping system of P. vittata and S. alfredii. And the significantly positive correlation relationships were found between Massilia, Lysobacter and plant As content, and Arthrobacter with plant Cd content, indicating that they may play important roles in As and Cd phytoextraction. The results suggested that intercropping P. vittata with S. alfredii could be a potential strategy for phytoextraction of As and Cd from co-contaminated soil.
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- 2021
14. Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells
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Ming-Kai Chen, Shuan-Ying Lin, Chiu-Lan Hsieh, Shang-Ming Huang, and Chiung-Chi Peng
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muscle atrophy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,geniposidic acid ,Bioengineering ,TP1-1185 ,Muscle hypertrophy ,geniposide ,Atrophy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Myocyte ,Protein kinase B ,QD1-999 ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Chemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Chemical technology ,fluoxetine ,Muscle weakness ,medicine.disease ,Muscle atrophy ,Endocrinology ,medicine.symptom ,Signal transduction - Abstract
Fluoxetine, an antidepressant known as a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), can cause side effects such as muscle atrophy with long-term use, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Geniposide (GPS) and geniposidic acid (GPSA), the main components of Gardenia jasminoides fruit, have been shown to have biological activity in disease prevention, but their role in preventing FXT-related side effects such as muscle atrophy remains unclear. The process of muscle atrophy is a complex physiological mechanism involving the balance of protein synthesis and catabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that FXT may suppress hypertrophy signaling and activate the atrophy mechanisms, resulting in proteolysis and reduced protein synthesis, while geniposide (GPS) and geniposide acid (GPSA) may be beneficial in improving muscle weakness caused by FXT. The C2C12 cell model was used to examine the expression of hypertrophy signaling (PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) and protein break signals (FOXO, MuRF-1, and MyHC). Our data indicated that FXT inhibited MyHC and promoted MuRF-1 protein expression by downregulating the signaling pathways of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-FOXO, resulting in a decrease in differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 muscle cells, which further resulted in muscle atrophy. However, GPS and GPSA can positively regulate the atrophy mechanism induced by FXT in muscle cells, thereby ameliorating the imbalance in muscle synthesis. In conclusion, GPS and GPSA have the potential to attenuate the muscle loss caused by long-term FXT administration, diseases, or the aging process.
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- 2021
15. A Novel Rapid Test to Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N Protein IgG Based on Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW)
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Takashi Kogai, Chia-Hsuan Cheng, Shih-Jen Liu, Yu-Chi Peng, Hiromi Yatsuda, Chen-Yen Kuo, Robert Wang, and Szu-Heng Liu
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Medicine (General) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Chemistry ,Viral culture ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,in vitro diagnostic (IVD) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Nucleic acid test ,macromolecular substances ,Molecular biology ,Article ,R5-920 ,Antigen ,Shear horizontal ,Immunoassay ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,surface acoustic wave (SAW) ,Biosensor - Abstract
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, many methods have been used to detect antigens or antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including viral culture, nucleic acid test, and immunoassay. The shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) biosensor is a novel pathogen detection platform with the advantages of high sensitivity and short detection time. The objective of this study is to develop a SH-SAW biosensor to detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody. The rabbit sera collected from rabbits on different days after SARS-CoV-2 N protein injection were evaluated by SH-SAW biosensor and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the SH-SAW biosensor achieved a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.9997) with different concentrations (34.375–1100 ng/mL) of the “spike-in” anti-N protein antibodies. Compared to ELISA, the SH-SAW biosensor has better sensitivity and can detect anti-N protein IgG signals earlier than ELISA on day 6 (p <, 0.05). Overall, in this study, we demonstrated that the SH-SAW biosensor is a promising platform for rapid in vitro diagnostic (IVD) testing, especially for antigen or antibody testing.
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- 2021
16. Cherbonolides M and N from a Formosan Soft Coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri
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Jyh-Horng Sheu, Tsong-Long Hwang, Chiung-Yao Huang, Tzu-Yin Huang, and Chia-Chi Peng
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Sarcophyton cherbonnieri ,Stereochemistry ,Cytochalasin B ,Neutrophils ,QH301-705.5 ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Taiwan ,isosarcophine derivatives ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Phenylalanine ,tetrahydrooxepane ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Superoxides ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Biology (General) ,Cytotoxicity ,anti-inflammatory activity ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ,Cell Proliferation ,Pancreatic Elastase ,Superoxide ,Circular Dichroism ,Elastase ,Absolute configuration ,Anthozoa ,N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,cytotoxicity ,Diterpenes ,Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Abstract
Two new isosarcophine derivatives, cherbonolides M (1) and N (2), were further isolated from a Formosan soft coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri. The planar structure and relative configuration of both compounds were established by the detailed analysis of the IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR data. Further, the absolute configuration of both compounds was determined by the comparison of CD spectra with that of isosarcophine (3). Notably, cherbonolide N (2) possesses the unique cembranoidal scaffold of tetrahydrooxepane with the 12,17-ether linkage fusing with a γ-lactone. In addition, the assay for cytotoxicity of both new compounds revealed that they showed to be noncytotoxic toward the proliferation of A549, DLD-1, and HuCCT-1 cell lines. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities of both metabolites were carried out by measuring the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced generation of superoxide anion and elastase release in the primary human neutrophils. Cherbonolide N (2) was found to reduce the generation of superoxide anion (20.6 ± 6.8%) and the elastase release (30.1 ± 3.3%) in the fMLF/CB-induced human neutrophils at a concentration of 30 μM.
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- 2021
17. Atmospheric deposition as a source of cadmium and lead to soil-rice system and associated risk assessment
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Zhaohui Guo, Lei Shi, Wenli Feng, Wenxuan Xu, Chi Peng, Xiyuan Xiao, and Hongzhen Ran
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Biological Availability ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Human health ,Metals, Heavy ,Humans ,Soil Pollutants ,Suburban area ,Health risk ,Rice plant ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Air Pollutants ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Oryza ,Heavy metals ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Deposition (aerosol physics) ,Lead ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Brown rice - Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals is widely documented and has been connected to adverse ecological and health impacts. The influence of atmospheric deposition on the soil–rice system in a typical urban agglomeration region was studied continuously through a field contrast experiment for two years. The results showed that the Cd and Pb in rice grains is mainly from soil, but Cd and Pb from the atmospheric deposition should be a focus of attention. The bioavailable content of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition is higher than that in corresponding surface soil. Atmospheric deposition contributed 10.8–47.7% of the Cd and Pb in brown rice, and 13.7–60.3% of the Cd and Pb in rice leaves was from atmospheric deposition. In the traffic area, a high deposition site, the contributions of atmospheric depositions to heavy metals in rice plants were higher than those from abandoned mine area and suburban area. Atmospheric deposition also consistently decreased the pH (0.17–0.66) and increased the exchangeable Cd (27.1–62.1%) and Pb (3.3–26.1%) in surface soil. In addition, the health risk index (HRI) of rice consumption was also increased as a result of the different atmospheric depositions of heavy metals, which accounted for 40.0% and 35.5% of Cd and Pb at the high deposition site, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential influences of atmospheric deposition on the soil–crop system and human health, and can also provide a useful reference for developing the emission control strategies.
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- 2019
18. Dynamic response of enzymatic activity and microbial community structure in metal(loid)-contaminated soil with tree-herb intercropping
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Zhaohui Guo, Chi Peng, Peng Zeng, and Xiyuan Xiao
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food.ingredient ,biology ,Urease ,Chemistry ,Soil Science ,Arundo donax ,Intercropping ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Soil contamination ,Horticulture ,food ,Microbial population biology ,Herb ,Pteris vittata ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,biology.protein ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Tree-herb intercropping was proposed for use in remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soil. Changes in the enzymatic activities and microbial communities in contaminated soil during tree-herb intercropping were studied through dynamic sampling in a greenhouse experiment. Two herb plants, Pteris vittata L. (W) and Arundo donax L. (L), and two tree plants, Morus alba L. (S) and Broussonetia papyrifera L. (G), were selected for tree-herb intercropping, namely SL, GL, GW, SW, and GSLW intercropping. The activities of four enzymes, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), urease activity (UA), sucrase activity (SA) and acid phosphatase activity (APA), are involved in N, C, P cycling and were measured colorimetrically, while the bacterial and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community structures were determined using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that tree-herb intercropping could effectively recover enzymatic activity, and bacterial and AM fungal diversity in metal(loid)-contaminated soil. Compared with treatment without plants, the SA and APA activity after the five tree-herb intercropping treatments were significantly (p
- Published
- 2019
19. Chelator-assisted phytoextraction of arsenic, cadmium and lead by Pteris vittata L. and soil microbial community structure response
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Yuqin Liang, Chi Peng, Peng Zeng, Zhaohui Guo, Jun Yang, Xiaohui Wang, Cong Zhou, and Xiyuan Xiao
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0106 biological sciences ,Cadmium ,biology ,Environmental remediation ,fungi ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Phytoremediation ,chemistry ,Microbial population biology ,Environmental chemistry ,Pteris vittata ,Environmental Chemistry ,Chelation ,Arsenic ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Using biodegradable chelators to assist in phytoextraction may be an effective approach to enhance the heavy-metal remediation efficiencies of plants. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate ...
- Published
- 2019
20. Immobilization of cadmium and improvement of bacterial community in contaminated soil following a continuous amendment with lime mixed with fertilizers: A four-season field experiment
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Zhaohui Guo, Lei Shi, Wenli Feng, Chi Peng, Bo Huang, Hongzhen Ran, and Xiyuan Xiao
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DNA, Bacterial ,Chemical Phenomena ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Field experiment ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Amendment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Soil pH ,Proteobacteria ,Soil Pollutants ,Biomass ,Fertilizers ,Soil Microbiology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,Bacteria ,biology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Oryza ,Oxides ,Chloroflexi ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Calcium Compounds ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Soil quality ,Acidobacteria ,Manure ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,engineering ,Seasons - Abstract
The effects of the continuous amendments with lime (L), lime mixed with organic manure (LO), or phosphate fertilizer (LP) on the soil bacterial community, soil available cadmium (Cd) content, and Cd accumulation in rice planted in a Cd contaminated paddy soil were determined through a four-season field experiment. The results showed that with continuous application of amendments during the four seasons, the soil pH increased significantly compared with the control, while the soil available Cd content significantly decreased by 12.9–18.2%, 13.1–17.3% and 0.09–23.2% under the L, LO, or LP treatments, and the Cd content of rice was significantly reduced by 28.5–56.2%, 37.6–53.4%, and 31.2–44.6%, respectively. The rice Cd content in each season at amendment treatments was lower than the National Food Safety Standard of China (maximum level of Cd in grains is 0.2 mg/kg). The diversity and richness of soil bacteria significantly increased after the continuous amendments in soil for four-season cropping. Soil pH and available Cd content were important factors for soil bacterial community. Lime mixed with phosphate fertilizer or organic manure had been characterized by a significant increase of Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi and a decrease of Acidobacteria based on an Illumina Miseq sequencing analysis. The results indicate that the continuous application of lime mixed with organic manure or phosphate fertilizer is a very important measure to ensure the quality safety of rice and improve soil quality in a Cd-contaminated paddy.
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- 2019
21. Complementarity of co-planting a hyperaccumulator with three metal(loid)-tolerant species for metal(loid)-contaminated soil remediation
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Chi Peng, Zhaohui Guo, Bo Huang, Xiyuan Xiao, Wenli Feng, and Peng Zeng
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Environmental remediation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Metals, Heavy ,Soil Pollutants ,Hyperaccumulator ,Metalloids ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,biology ,Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Arundo donax ,Pteris ,General Medicine ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Environmental chemistry ,Pteris vittata - Abstract
Co-planting with multiple plant species has great value for the remediation of soil co-contaminated with metal(loid)s. A pot experiment has been conducted to study the growth, phytoextraction of metal(loid) and complementarity by co-planting Pteris vittata L. with three metal(loid)-tolerant species with large biomass (namely Arundo donax L., Morus alba L., and Broussonetia papyrifera L.) on soil co-contaminated with As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The results showed that the co-planting can favor the growth and uptake of As in hyperaccumulator P. vittata L., and improve comprehensive extraction of metal(loid). The total biomass and content of As in the roots of P. vittata L. under the co-planting system were significantly (p 0.05) improved by 117.5% and 122.0%, respectively, compared with that in monoculture, while the content of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in the tissues of A. donax L., M. alba L. and B. papyrifera L. was slightly increased. The comprehensive accumulation amounts for As, Cd, Pb, and Zn by the four plants co-planting in contaminated soil were higher than that in part of plant's monoculture. Moreover, availability of As, Cd, and Zn in the contaminated soil was decreased in the co-planting system, meanwhile soil urease and acid phosphatase activities in soil significantly (p 0.05) promoted as compared to the monocultures. The results suggested that positive interaction between hyperaccumulator and three metal(loid)-tolerant species can effectively enhance the growth of P. vittata L., regulate the comprehensive metal(loid)s accumulation capacity, and improve the environmental quality of contaminated soil, which drives high phytoremediation potential for metal(loid)s-contaminated soil by the co-planting.
- Published
- 2019
22. Soluble peptidoglycan production from the waste peels of pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr
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Kuan Chou Chen, Robert Y. Peng, Yi Shan Chen, Chiung Chi Peng, Kun Hung Shen, and Yaw Bee Ker
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,biology ,Chemistry ,Food science ,Peptidoglycan ,Horticulture ,Ananas ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Published
- 2019
23. Phytoextraction potential of Pteris vittata L. co-planted with woody species for As, Cd, Pb and Zn in contaminated soil
- Author
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Chi Peng, Wenli Feng, Xiyuan Xiao, Zhi Xu, Peng Zeng, Liqing Xin, and Zhaohui Guo
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Chlorophyll ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,Arsenic ,Soil ,Metals, Heavy ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hyperaccumulator ,Biomass ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cadmium ,biology ,Pteris ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Zinc ,Horticulture ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Lead ,chemistry ,Broussonetia ,Shoot ,Pteris vittata ,Morus ,Monoculture ,Woody plant - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the phytoextraction potential of a hyperaccumulator co-planted with a large biomass of woody plant in metal(loid)-contaminated soil. A pot experiment was conducted for 270 days (d) to study the growth, physiological responses, and metal(loid)s accumulation characteristics of plants, which included a shade-requiring, As-hyperaccumulator perennial herb, Pteris vittata L., co-planted with a woody tree, namely Morus alba L. or Broussonetia papyrifera L., for soil contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The results showed that the biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, and uptake of As in P. vittata L. were significantly enhanced by co-planting with M. alba L. or B. papyrifera L. Especially, the uptake of As by P. vittata L. was significantly (p
- Published
- 2019
24. Mn (OH)2 electrodeposited on secondary porous Ni nano-architecture foam as high-performance electrode for supercapacitors
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Anping Tang, Guo-rong Xu, Haishen Song, Ya Wen, and Chi-peng Xie
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Supercapacitor ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Capacitance ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nickel ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Electrode ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Current density ,Power density - Abstract
The preparation and capacitance performances of Mn (OH)2@ secondary porous Ni nano-architecture foam (Mn (OH)2@SPNiNF) hybrids are systematically studied. The SPNiNF structure is simply obtained via a NiC2O4·2H2O in situ growing process on Ni foam surface, combined with a thermally treated process under Ar gas. Then, a layer of Mn (OH)2 film was electrodeposited onto the above SPNiNF sheet by applying a galvanostatical technique. It is shown that the SPNiNF sheet is composed of interconnected nanoparticles with a diameter range of 100–200 nm. The fabricated Mn (OH)2@SPNiNF electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 532.7 F g−1 and an areal capacitance of 906 m F cm−2 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The Mn (OH)2@SPNiNF electrode also exhibited a low ions diffusion resistance and a good cycling performance along with 85.7% specific capacitance retained after 5000 cycles. An asymmetric Mn (OH)2@SPNiNF //AC super capacitor exhibited an energy density of 69.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.6 kW kg−1. These results demonstrated that the Mn (OH)2@SPNiNF was a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
- Published
- 2018
25. Integrated Omics Strategy Reveals Cyclic Lipopeptides Empedopeptins from
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Han-Jung Lee, Shang-Tse Ho, Chia-Chi Peng, Wei-Chen Hsu, Chih Lin, Han-Tan Cheng, Yu-Liang Yang, and Ying-Ning Ho
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Proteomics ,Massilia ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Secondary Metabolism ,01 natural sciences ,Peptides, Cyclic ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lipopeptides ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Biosynthesis ,Bacterial Proteins ,Nonribosomal peptide ,Dioxygenase ,Oxalobacteraceae ,Drug Discovery ,Gene cluster ,genome mining ,Data Mining ,Metabolomics ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Gene ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Comparative genomics ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Molecular Structure ,010405 organic chemistry ,Computational Biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Amino acid ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Multigene Family ,Protein Biosynthesis ,biosynthesis ,Oligopeptides ,Bacteria - Abstract
Empedopeptins—eight amino acid cyclic lipopeptides—are calcium-dependent antibiotics that act against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. However, to date, the biosynthetic mechanism of the empedopeptins has not been well identified. Through comparative genomics and metabolomics analysis, we identified empedopeptin and its new analogs from a marine bacterium, Massilia sp. YMA4. We then unveiled the empedopeptin biosynthetic gene cluster. The core nonribosomal peptide gene null-mutant strains (ΔempC, ΔempD, and ΔempE) could not produce empedopeptin, while dioxygenase gene null-mutant strains (ΔempA and ΔempB) produced several unique empedopeptin analogs. However, the antibiotic activity of ΔempA and ΔempB was significantly reduced compared with the wild-type, demonstrating that the hydroxylated amino acid residues of empedopeptin and its analogs are important to their antibiotic activity. Furthermore, we found seven bacterial strains that could produce empedopeptin-like cyclic lipopeptides using a genome mining approach. In summary, this study demonstrated that an integrated omics strategy can facilitate the discovery of potential bioactive metabolites from microbial sources without further isolation and purification.
- Published
- 2021
26. Potential Protection Effect of ER Homeostasis of N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine Isolated from Cordyceps cicadae in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Stimulated Human Proximal Tubular Cells
- Author
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Chin Chu Chen, Robert Y. Peng, Chiung Chi Peng, Cheng Hsu Chen, Huei Lin Wu, Shiau Huei Huang, and Charng Cherng Chyau
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adenosine ,renal HK–2 cells ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Protective Agents ,Catalysis ,Article ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Kidney Tubules, Proximal ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,MTT assay ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Cell damage ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP ,Spectroscopy ,meloxicam ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Chemistry ,ATF6 ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Organic Chemistry ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,Computer Science Applications ,endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ,diclofenac ,Meloxicam ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Gene Expression Regulation ,endoplasmic reticulum (ER), oxidative stress ,Cordyceps ,Unfolded protein response ,renal HK−2 cells ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to a class of universally and commonly used anti-inflammatory analgesics worldwide. A diversity of drawbacks of NSAIDs have been reported including cellular oxidative stress, which in turn triggers the accumulation of unfolded proteins, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and finally resulting in renal cell damage. Cordyceps cicadae (CC) has been used as a traditional medicine for improving renal function via its anti-inflammatory effects. N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenosine (HEA), a physiologically active compound, has been reported from CC mycelia (CCM) with anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesize that HEA could protect human proximal tubular cells (HK−2) from NSAID-mediated effects on differential gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels. To verify this, we first isolated HEA from CCM using Sephadex® LH−20 column chromatography. The MTT assay revealed HEA to be nontoxic up to 100 µM toward HK−2 cells. The HK−2 cells were pretreated with HEA (10–20 µM) and then insulted with the NSAIDs diclofenac (DCF, 200 µM) and meloxicam (MXC, 400 µM) for 24 h. HEA (20 µM) effectively prevented ER stress by attenuating ROS production (p <, 0.001) and gene expression of ATF−6, PERK, IRE1α, CDCFHOP, IL1β, and NFκB within 24 h. Moreover, HEA reversed the increase of GRP78 and CHOP protein expression levels induced by DCF and MXC, and restored the ER homeostasis. These results demonstrated that HEA treatments effectively protect against DCF- and MXC-induced ER stress damage in human proximal tubular cells through regulation of the GRP78/ATF6/PERK/IRE1α/CHOP pathway.
- Published
- 2021
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27. Co-application of indole-3-acetic acid/gibberellin and oxalic acid for phytoextraction of cadmium and lead with Sedum alfredii Hance from contaminated soil
- Author
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Yuqin Liang, Zhaohui Guo, Xiaoyan Wang, Chi Peng, Xiyuan Xiao, and Peng Zeng
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Oxalic acid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Roots ,Sedum ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Soil ,Environmental Chemistry ,Soil Pollutants ,Hyperaccumulator ,Cadmium ,biology ,Indoleacetic Acids ,Chlorophyll A ,Oxalic Acid ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Gibberellins ,Horticulture ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Lead ,Sedum alfredii ,Shoot ,Gibberellin ,Indole-3-acetic acid - Abstract
Exogenous application of plant-growth promoting substances in combination with chelators is a common way to enhance the phytoextraction of heavy metals. A pot experiment was used to explore the influences of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)/gibberellin (GA3) alone or together with oxalic acid (OA) on the growth, physiological response, and nutrient contents of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance, and cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) phytoextraction efficiency. The results showed that a foliar spray of IAA/GA3 alone or together with OA increased plant growth. The largest shoot biomass with increase by 29.7% was produced by the 50 μmol L−1 IAA combined with 2.5 mmol kg−1 OA (50I+2.5OA) treatment as compared with the control treatment (CK). The presence of IAA and GA3 enhanced the chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and potassium contents in leaves and decreased the malondialdehyde content. The Cd content in leaf and the translocation factor (TFshoot) value from 50I+2.5OA treatment was increased by 4.29% and 21.4%, and the Pb content in stem and shoot, and the TFshoot of Pb after applying 50 μmol L-1 GA3 combined with 2.5 mmol kg−1 OA was enhanced by 32.5%, 13.4%, and 57.6%, compared with CK, respectively. The optimal Cd and Pb phytoextraction efficiency occurred from 50I+2.5OA treatment with increase by 82.4% and 79.3% as compared with CK, respectively. Therefore, the results showed that a combined application of 50 μmol L−1 IAA and 2.5 mmol kg−1 OA could effectively enhance S. alfredii Hance phytoremediation of Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil.
- Published
- 2021
28. Anti-Inflammatory Cembranoids from a Formosa Soft Coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri
- Author
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Atallah F. Ahmed, Chiung-Yao Huang, Chia-Chi Peng, Jyh-Horng Sheu, and Tsong-Long Hwang
- Subjects
Adult ,Sarcophyton cherbonnieri ,Stereochemistry ,medicine.drug_class ,Neutrophils ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Phenylalanine ,Anti-inflammatory ,Article ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Young Adult ,Superoxides ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Triphenylphosphine ,anti-inflammatory activity ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Cytochalasin B ,superoxide anion generation ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Superoxide ,Elastase ,elastase release ,Anthozoa ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Diterpenes ,Leukocyte Elastase ,cembranoid ,Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Abstract
The present investigation on chemical constituents of the soft coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri resulted in the isolation of seven new cembranoids, cherbonolides F&ndash, L (1&ndash, 7). The chemical structures of 1&ndash, 7 were determined by spectroscopic methods, including infrared, one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS experiments, and a chemical reduction of hydroperoxide by triphenylphosphine. The anti-inflammatory activities of 1&ndash, 7 against neutrophil proinflammatory responses were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory ability toward N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in primary human neutrophils. The results showed that all isolates exhibited moderate activities, while cherbonolide G (2) and cherbonolide H (3) displayed a more active effect than others on the inhibition of elastase release (48.2% ±, 6.2%) and superoxide anion generation (44.5% ±, 4.6%) at 30 µ, M, respectively.
- Published
- 2020
29. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: an Industry Perspective
- Author
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Xiaojun Ren, Sumit Basu, Filippos Kesisoglou, Varsha Dhamankar, Yuan Chen, Phil Bransford, Xavier Pepin, Christian Wagner, Richard Lloyd, Christophe Tistaert, Chi-Chi Peng, Arian Emami Riedmaier, James Huckle, Andrés Olivares-Morales, Thuy Thanh Tran, Cordula Stillhart, Kevin DeMent, Ravindra V Alluri, Neil Parrott, Priyanka Kulkarni, Stephanie Kay Dodd, and Tycho Heimbach
- Subjects
Drug ,PBPK ,Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling ,FOOD EFFECT ,Chemistry ,Moderate confidence ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pharmacology toxicology ,Pharmaceutical Science ,drug-food interaction ,Pharmacology ,PBBM ,modeling and simulation ,Pharmacokinetics ,food effect ,Fluid volume ,Research Article ,media_common - Abstract
The effect of food on pharmacokinetic properties of drugs is a commonly observed occurrence affecting about 40% of orally administered drugs. Within the pharmaceutical industry, significant resources are invested to predict and characterize a clinically relevant food effect. Here, the predictive performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) food effect models was assessed via de novo mechanistic absorption models for 30 compounds using controlled, pre-defined in vitro, and modeling methodology. Compounds for which absorption was known to be limited by intestinal transporters were excluded in this analysis. A decision tree for model verification and optimization was followed, leading to high, moderate, or low food effect prediction confidence. High (within 0.8- to 1.25-fold) to moderate confidence (within 0.5- to 2-fold) was achieved for most of the compounds (15 and 8, respectively). While for 7 compounds, prediction confidence was found to be low (> 2-fold). There was no clear difference in prediction success for positive or negative food effects and no clear relationship to the BCS category of tested drug molecules. However, an association could be demonstrated when the food effect was mainly related to changes in the gastrointestinal luminal fluids or physiology, including fluid volume, motility, pH, micellar entrapment, and bile salts. Considering these findings, it is recommended that appropriately verified mechanistic PBPK modeling can be leveraged with high to moderate confidence as a key approach to predicting potential food effect, especially related to mechanisms highlighted here. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1208/s12248-020-00508-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2020
30. Bicalutamide Elicits Renal Damage by Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction via ROS Damage and Upregulation of HIF-1
- Author
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Kai Yi Tzou, Chang Yu Chen, Chiung Chi Peng, Robert Y. Peng, Kuan Chou Chen, and Chang Rong Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Population ,Pharmacology ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,lcsh:Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,In vivo ,Lactate dehydrogenase ,Lysosome ,rat mesangial cell (RMC) line ,mitochondrial dysfunction ,medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,education ,Molecular Biology ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,education.field_of_study ,Mesangial cell ,bicalutamide (Bic) ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,HIF-1 ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,oxygen consumption rate (OCR) - Abstract
Combined androgen blockade using bicalutamide (Bic) is a therapeutic choice for treating prostate cancer (PCa). However, even at regular clinical dosages, Bic frequently shows adverse effects associated with cardiovascular and renal damage. Previously, we found that Bic selectively damaged mesangial cells compared to tubular cells and in an in vivo rat model, we also found renal damage caused by Bic. In the present study, a rat mesangial cell model was used to further the investigation. Results indicated that Bic enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lysosome population and kidney injury molecule-1 and decreased N-cadherin. Bic elicited mitochondrial swelling and reduced the mitochondrial potential, resulting in severe suppression of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), maximum respiration and ATP production. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 transcriptional activity and messenger RNA were significantly upregulated in dose-dependent manners. The HIF-1 protein reached a peak value at 24 h then rapidly decayed. BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein-interacting protein 3 and cleaved caspase-3 were dose-dependently upregulated by Bic (60 M) and that eventually led to cell apoptosis. It is suggested that Bic induces renal damage via ROS and modulates HIF-1 pathway and clinically, some protective agents like antioxidants are recommended for co-treatment.
- Published
- 2020
31. Nifedipine Upregulates ATF6-α, Caspases -12, -3, and -7 Implicating Lipotoxicity-Associated Renal ER Stress
- Author
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Robert Y. Peng, Chang Rong Chen, Kuan Chou Chen, Yen Chung Lin, Chang Yu Chen, and Chiung Chi Peng
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Kidney ,lcsh:Chemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Caspase 12 ,Spectroscopy ,Caspase ,Caspase 7 ,biology ,Caspase 3 ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,lipotoxicity ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,ATF6α ,Computer Science Applications ,nifedipine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lipotoxicity ,Caspases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,ER stress ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.medical_specialty ,ATF6α, lipotoxicity ,Article ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,ATF6 ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Organic Chemistry ,Lipid Metabolism ,Activating Transcription Factor 6 ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Apoptosis ,biology.protein ,Unfolded protein response ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Biomarkers ,chronic kidney disease - Abstract
Nifedipine (NF) is reported to have many beneficial effects in antihypertensive therapy. Recently, we found that NF induced lipid accumulation in renal tubular cells. Palmitic acid-induced renal lipotoxicity was found to be partially mediated by endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, while it can also be elicited by NF in kidney cells, we examined the induction of suspected pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models. NRK52E cells cultured in high-glucose medium were treated with NF (30 µ, M) for 24&ndash, 48 h. ER stress-induced lipotoxicity was explored by staining with thioflavin T and Nile red, transmission electron microscopy, terminal uridine nick-end labeling, and Western blotting. ER stress was also investigated in rats with induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) fed NF for four weeks. NF induced the production of unfolded protein aggregates, resulting in ER stress, as evidenced by the upregulation of glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6&alpha, (ATF6&alpha, ), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and caspases-12, -3, and -7. In vitro early apoptosis was more predominant than late apoptosis. Most importantly, ATF6&alpha, was confirmed to play a unique role in NF-induced ER stress in both models. CKD patients with hypertension should not undergo NF therapy. In cases where it is required, alleviation of ER stress should be considered to avoid further damaging the kidneys.
- Published
- 2020
32. Release of cadmium in contaminated paddy soil amended with NPK fertilizer and lime under water management
- Author
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Ye-hua Xie, Xiaoqing Han, Chi Peng, Xiyuan Xiao, Huiwen Zhu, Yuqin Liang, and Zhaohui Guo
- Subjects
Nitrogen ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Soil Pollutants ,Sulfate ,Fertilizers ,Water content ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,Cadmium ,Water Pollution ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Agriculture ,Oryza ,Oxides ,Phosphorus ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Calcium Compounds ,Pollution ,Floods ,chemistry ,Soil water ,Potassium ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Fertilizer ,Surface runoff ,Surface water - Abstract
Agricultural soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd) pose a risk to receiving surface water via drainage or runoff. A 90-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the release characteristics and transformation of Cd from contaminated paddy soil amended with agrochemical (NPK fertilizer) and lime (L) under water management regimes of continuous flooding (F) and drying-wetting cycles (DW). The result showed that the dissolved Cd concentrations in overlying water of the fertilizer treatment under flooding (NPK+F) and drying-wetting (NPK+DW) reached up to 81.0 μg/L and 276 μg/L, and were much higher than that from the corresponding controls without NPK fertilizer addition at the end of experiment. The Cd concentration showed significantly negative correlation with overlying water pH, but positive correlation with soil redox potential and concentrations of dissolved total nitrogen, sulfate and manganese in overlying water (P 0.05), indicating that drying-wetting cycles and N fertilizer addition may enhance soil Cd release. The Cd concentrations in overlying water from all treatments except NPK+L+F treatment exceeded the Cd threshold limit of Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (10 μg/L Grade V) and poses potential risk to surface water quality. Meanwhile, the proportion of Cd in the acid-soluble fraction from all incubated soil except NPK+L+F treatment increased compared to before incubation. The results indicated that continuous flooding was a reasonable water management candidate coupled with lime addition for immobilizing soil Cd.
- Published
- 2018
33. Assessing cadmium exposure risks of vegetables with plant uptake factor and soil property
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Yang Yang, Chi Peng, Andrew C. Chang, Weiping Chen, and Meie Wang
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Food Contamination ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Vegetables ,Humans ,Soil Pollutants ,Organic matter ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,Environmental Exposure ,General Medicine ,Environmental exposure ,Lettuce ,Pollution ,CADMIUM EXPOSURE ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Plant species ,Environmental science ,Food contaminant - Abstract
Plant uptake factors (PUFs) are of great importance in human cadmium (Cd) exposure risk assessment while it has been often treated in a generic way. We collected 1077 pairs of vegetable-soil samples from production fields to characterize Cd PUFs and demonstrated their utility in assessing Cd exposure risks to consumers of locally grown vegetables. The Cd PUFs varied with plant species and pH and organic matter content of soils. Once normalized PUFs against soil parameters, the PUFs distributions were log-normal in nature. In this manner, the PUFs were represented by definable probability distributions instead of a deterministic figure. The Cd exposure risks were then assessed using the normalized PUF based on the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. Factors affecting the extent of Cd exposures were isolated through sensitivity analyses. Normalized PUF would illustrate the outcomes for uncontaminated and slightly contaminated soils. Among the vegetables, lettuce was potentially hazardous for residents due to its high Cd accumulation but low Zn concentration. To protect 95% of the lettuce production from causing excessive Cd exposure risks, pH of soils needed to be 5.9 and above.
- Published
- 2018
34. High-Temperature, High-Pressure Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability, and Solid State NMR Spectroscopy of an Aluminum Borate, Ba[AlB4O8(OH)]
- Author
-
Hsin Kuan Liu, Kwang Hwa Lii, and Chun Chi Peng
- Subjects
Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Crystal structure ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrothermal circulation ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Crystallography ,Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ,Hydrothermal synthesis ,Thermal stability ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrate ,Monoclinic crystal system - Abstract
A new aluminum borate, Ba[AlB4O8(OH)], has been synthesized under high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal conditions at 550 °C and 1400 bar and its structure characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, and MAS 11B, and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 7.0695(5) A, b = 15.108(1) A, c = 7.0746(5) A, β = 93.593(2)°, and Z = 4. Its 2D layer structure is formed of corner-sharing B4O8(OH) clusters and AlO4 tetrahedra with the charge-compensating Ba2+ cations between the layers. While the same in the framework composition, the title compound and the hydrate, Ba[AlB4O8(OH)]·H2O, differ greatly in structure. Although the title compound contains an OH group, it is thermally stable up to 740 °C and then decomposes into Ba2Al2B8O17, as indicated by high-temperature DSC/TG analysis and powder X-ray diffraction.
- Published
- 2018
35. Modelling mass balance of cadmium in paddy soils under long term control scenarios
- Author
-
Zhaohui Guo, Lei Shi, Hongzhen Ran, Chi Peng, Wenli Feng, Xiaoqing Han, and Xiyuan Xiao
- Subjects
China ,Agricultural Irrigation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Groundwater ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,Air Pollutants ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Oryza ,Oxides ,General Medicine ,Calcium Compounds ,Models, Theoretical ,Contamination ,Straw ,Deposition (aerosol physics) ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,engineering ,Paddy field ,Environmental science ,Environmental Pollution ,Monte Carlo Method - Abstract
A simple mathematical model on the basis of the mass balance principle was developed to simulate the long-term changes of Cd in paddy soils. The model predicted the dynamics of cadmium concentration in soils under six alternative control scenarios, including rice straw incorporation into fields (A), removing straw from fields (B), irrigating paddies with groundwater (C), reducing atmospheric Cd deposition (D), liming (E), and integrating measures (F), which were used for Cd contaminated paddy fields in the central subtropical areas of China. The uncertainty of parameters was analyzed using Monte Carlo methods. Scenario simulation results showed that atmospheric deposition was the main external source of Cd, contributing 70% of the total inputs, and plant uptake was an important output pathway, responsible for 92% of the total outputs. Removing straw from fields was more effective than other single control scenarios, and integrating measures were more effective in lowering Cd concentration in contaminated paddy soils. The Cd concentration in soils can meet the critical value (0.3 mg kg-1) in a low-level Cd contaminated paddy field (0.68 mg kg-1) with integrating measures through 40 years of cultivation. In the same case, a high-level Cd contaminated field (1.48 mg kg-1) was converted to a low-level Cd contaminated field (0.54 mg kg-1). However, long term use of lime can increase the Cd concentration in paddy soils. Controllable factors that affected Cd accumulation in paddy soils were plant uptake factors, and the atmospheric deposition flux and irrigation water flux of Cd. Therefore, integrating measures including removing rice straw and preventing the emission of Cd into the atmosphere and irrigation water was the optimal approach to lower Cd concentration in contaminated paddy soils.
- Published
- 2018
36. Cleanup of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the soil from a smelting site using N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid combined with ascorbic acid: A lab-scale experiment
- Author
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An-di Yang, Yulian Hu, Yalei He, Demei Yan, Zhihui Li, Xiaoyan Wang, Chi Peng, Zhaohui Guo, and Xiyuan Xiao
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Glutamic Acid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ascorbic Acid ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Ferric Compounds ,complex mixtures ,Arsenic ,Metal ,Soil ,Metals, Heavy ,Soil Pollutants ,Chelation ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Dissolution ,Cadmium ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Ascorbic acid ,Lead ,visual_art ,Smelting ,Soil water ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Chemical washing has been carried out to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, the appropriate washing conditions for N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid (GLDA) combined with ascorbic acid were determined to remove As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site. The mechanism of heavy metal removal by the washing agent was also clarified. The results showed that heavy metals in the soil from the smelting site can be effectively removed. The removal percentages of As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site were found to be 34.49%, 63.26%, and 62.93%, respectively, under optimal conditions (GLDA and ascorbic acid concentration ratio of 5:20, pH of 3, washing for 60 min, and the liquid-to-solid ratio of 10). GLDA combined with ascorbic acid efficiently removes As, Cd, and Pb from the soil through synergistic proton obstruction, chelation, and reduction. GLDA can chelate with iron and aluminum oxides while directly chelate with Cd and Pb. Ascorbic acid can reduce both Fe(III) to Fe(II) and As(III) to As0. The dissolution of As was promoted by indirectly preempting the binding sites of iron and aluminum in the soil while those of Cd and Pb were improved by directly interrupting the binding sites. This study suggested that GLDA combined with ascorbic acid is an effective cleanup technology to remove As, Cd, and Pb simultaneously from contaminated smelting site soils.
- Published
- 2021
37. Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil
- Author
-
Chi Peng, Peng Zeng, Xiyuan Xiao, and Zhaohui Guo
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Heavy metals ,General Medicine ,Photosynthetic pigment ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Plant Leaves ,Transcriptome ,Soil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Stress, Physiological ,Transcriptome profiling ,Morus ,Cadmium ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p 0.05) increased by 37.85%-40.87% and 36.63%-53.06% in 37.0-55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil.
- Published
- 2021
38. The Prophylactic Effects of Glutamine on Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Rats with Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage
- Author
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Yi Hsiu Chen, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Suh Ching Yang, Qian Xiao, Hsiang Chi Peng, Satwika Arya Pratama, and Ya Ling Chen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Glutamine ,Muscle Proteins ,Inflammation ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,microbiota composition ,muscle protein degradation ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,TX341-641 ,Liver damage ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Rats, Wistar ,glutamine ,muscle protein synthesis ,gut permeability ,ethanol-induced liver injury ,Wistar rats ,Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ,Liver injury ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Intestinal permeability ,Ethanol ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemistry ,Hyperammonemia ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Dietary Supplements ,Proteolysis ,Liver function ,medicine.symptom ,Food Science - Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the prophylactic effects of glutamine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury. For the first 2 weeks, Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed a control (n = 16) or glutamine-containing diet (n = 24). For the following 6 weeks, rats fed the control diet were further divided into two groups (n = 8 per group) according to whether their diet contained no ethanol (CC) or did contain ethanol (CE). Rats fed the glutamine-containing diet were also further divided into three groups (n = 8 per group), including a GG group (glutamine-containing diet without ethanol), GE group (control diet with ethanol), and GEG group (glutamine-containing diet with ethanol). After 6 weeks, results showed that hepatic fatty change, inflammation, altered liver function, and hyperammonemia had occurred in the CE group, but these were attenuated in the GE and GEG groups. Elevated intestinal permeability and a higher plasma endotoxin level were observed in the CE group, but both were lower in the GE and GEG groups. The level of a protein synthesis marker (p70S6K) was reduced in the CE group but was higher in both the GE and GEG groups. In conclusion, glutamine supplementation might elevate muscle protein synthesis by improving intestinal health and ameliorating liver damage in rats with chronic ethanol intake.
- Published
- 2021
39. Factors influencing the effectiveness of liming on cadmium reduction in rice: A meta-analysis and decision tree analysis
- Author
-
Zhaohui Guo, Linglan Kong, Yalei He, Chi Peng, and Xiyuan Xiao
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Dose ,Amendment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Soil pH ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cultivar ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,Cadmium ,Decision Trees ,Sowing ,Oryza ,Oxides ,Calcium Compounds ,Pollution ,Soil conditioner ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,engineering ,Environmental science - Abstract
Lime is widely applied as a soil amendment to reduce the grain cadmium (Cd) content in rice production. However, the effectiveness of liming on grain Cd reduction is inconsistent and often cannot meet the safety requirements established for rice production. To identify the factors causing the effectiveness of liming to vary, we collected data from peer-viewed articles regarding lime application in paddy soils that were published during the last ten years. The average Cd reduction rates in rice grains after liming were −44% across all the studies considered, which could be broken down into −48% for pot experiments only and −42% for field trials only. The results of a meta-analysis and decision tree analysis indicated that the experiment type (field or pot), lime dosage, lime type (CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, or CaO), soil environment factors (soil pH, soil available Cd content, soil total Cd, and Zn content), and rice cultivar all influenced the effectiveness of liming. Recommendations were made to guide future liming practice, e.g., (1) using a larger lime dosage when applied to soil with pH 1 mg/kg or total Zn > 200 mg/kg; (2) using CaCO3 when applied with large dosages; and (3) planting low-Cd accumulation rice cultivars while applying lime. Capsule A meta-analysis showed that the effectiveness of liming on rice grain Cd reduction was affected by the experiment type (field or pot), lime dosage, lime type, soil pH, rice cultivar, and soil total Cd and Zn content.
- Published
- 2021
40. New horizons in the application of a neglected biomass pyrolysis byproduct: A marked simultaneous decrease in ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions
- Author
-
Jinxia Fan, Wang Hongyan, Xin Quan, Chi Peng, Yu Xing, Wei Zhao, Jianrong Shan, and Yong Chol Ju
- Subjects
Pollution ,Pollutant ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biomass ,Building and Construction ,Pulp and paper industry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,Biochar ,Carbon dioxide ,Environmental science ,Cleaner production ,Pyrolysis ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
During the process of biochar production, large amounts of wood vinegar (WV) are obtained as a byproduct, and the objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of this byproduct in reducing the ammonia (NH3) pollution and greenhouse gas emissions that are associated with animal husbandry. Special attention was given to the potential of WV in bringing about NH3 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions, and the dynamic mean of the concentrations of NH3 and CO2 as well as the effect of WV on several environmental indicators were investigated. For the first time, a positive correlation was observed between the removal efficiencies of NH3 and CO2 and WV concentration. Specifically, when the concentration of WV was 7%, the highest removal efficiencies for NH3 and CO2 were obtained (79.1 ± 1.8 and 54.3 ± 4.9%, respectively). These results confirmed that acidification using WV could be a promising approach for the synergistic mitigation of NH3 and CO2 emission in swine houses. The results of this study also clarify the connection between the products of biomass pyrolysis, livestock sector pollution, and gas emission reduction. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study will generate a global discussion regarding the removal of the pollutants that are associated with animal housing facilities and these three fields to the end of promoting green development and cleaner production globally.
- Published
- 2021
41. PCM based heat sinks of paraffin/nanoplatelet graphite composite for thermal management of IGBT
- Author
-
Zhi Yu Lin, Yiin Kuen Fuh, Shyong Lee, Tien Chan Chang, and Ya Chi Peng
- Subjects
Materials science ,020209 energy ,Bipolar junction transistor ,Composite number ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Heat sink ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Thermal conductivity ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,chemistry ,Aluminium ,Thermal ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Graphite ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This paper reports the development and the thermal investigation of the performance of straight finned heat sink filled with paraffin/graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) composite phase change material (PCM) for thermal management of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). The heat sink made of aluminum has a cavity where the composite PCM is stored. GNPs acts as an effective media of thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE), primarily aims to increase the thermal conductivity of paraffin. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests were done to investigate thermal properties which include melting and solidification temperatures and latent heats. The thermal conductivity of the composite increased by nearly 5-fold by the GNPs loading of 15%.
- Published
- 2017
42. Study on the engineering properties and prediction models of an alkali-activated mortar material containing recycled waste glass
- Author
-
Ya-Chi Peng, Bo-Tsun Chen, Chien-Chih Wang, and Her-Yung Wang
- Subjects
Materials science ,020209 energy ,Metallurgy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Slag ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Alkali metal ,Slump ,Compressive strength ,Thermal conductivity ,chemistry ,visual_art ,021105 building & construction ,Thermal ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Mortar ,Composite material ,Carbon ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
In recent years, the global temperature has risen as greenhouse gases increase. With Taiwan’s limited natural resources and the rise of environmental considerations, energy saving, carbon reduction and waste recycling are universal subjects at the present time. This study combined waste LCD (liquid crystal display) glass with alkali-activated slag mortar as a thermal insulating material and evaluated its engineering properties. Different liquid-solid ratios (L/S = 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60) were used. The alkali equivalent was fixed at 1%, and the slag was replaced by glass sand (0%, 20% and 40%). Various engineering properties were tested at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. The results show that with more glass sand replacement and higher liquid-solid ratio values, the workability is better, and the slump and slump flow are higher. The compressive strength decreases as the liquid-solid ratio increases, and the compressive strength increases when the glass sand replacement is 0–20%. However, in contrast, when the replacement is 20–40%, the compressive strength decreases. The ultrasonic pulse velocity decreases as the glass sand replacement increases. The thermal conductivity increases with age, but the thermal conductivity decreases as the liquid-solid ratio initially increases, and the thermal conductivity is at its minimum when L/S = 0.55. When the L/S increases continuously, the thermal conductivity increases accordingly. The resistance to sulfate attack increases with the replacement and the liquid-solid ratio. The effect is the best when L/S = 0.60 and the glass sand replacement is 20%, meaning that a certain amount of waste LCD glass in the alkali-activated slag mortar can enhance the engineering properties. In addition, the prediction models for the compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and thermal conductivity of alkali-activated slag mortar material with waste LCD glass were deduced in this study. According to the comparison between the prediction analysis values and the test results, the compressive strength mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values are 4.37–5.52%, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) MAPE values are 0.01–1.53%, and the thermal conductivity ( k t ) MAPE values are 0.82–2.68%. All the MAPE values are smaller than 10%, so the analytical models built have good forecasting accuracy.
- Published
- 2017
43. Different Dietary Proportions of Fish Oil Regulate Inflammatory Factors but Do Not Change Intestinal Tight Junction ZO-1 Expression in Ethanol-Fed Rats
- Author
-
Hsiao Yun Wang, Suh Ching Yang, Ya Ling Chen, Hsiao Li Chuang, Hsiang Chi Peng, Man Hui Pai, and Yi Wen Chien
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article Subject ,Immunology ,Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Inflammation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fish Oils ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,lcsh:Pathology ,TBARS ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Ethanol ,Tight junction ,Chemistry ,Body Weight ,Interleukin ,Organ Size ,Cell Biology ,CYP2E1 ,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Fish oil ,Rats ,Intestines ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Zonula Occludens-1 Protein ,Cytokines ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,medicine.symptom ,Oxidative stress ,lcsh:RB1-214 ,Research Article - Abstract
Sixty male Wistar rats were fed a control or an ethanol-containing diet in groups C or E. The fat compositions were adjusted with 25% or 57% fish oil substituted for olive oil in groups CF25, CF57, EF25, and EF57. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, cytochrome P450 2E1 protein expression, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, as well as intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 levels were significantly elevated, whereas plasma adiponectin level was significantly reduced in group E (p<0.05). Hepatic histopathological scores of fatty change and inflammation, in group E were significantly higher than those of group C (p<0.05). Hepatic TBARS, plasma ICAM-1, and hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels were significantly lower, and plasma adiponectin levels were significantly higher in groups EF25 and EF57 than those in group E (p<0.05). The immunoreactive area of the intestinal tight junction protein, ZO-1, showed no change between groups C and E. Only group CF57 displayed a significantly higher ZO-1 immunoreactive area compared to group C (p=0.0415). 25% or 57% fish oil substituted for dietary olive oil could prevent ethanol-induced liver damage in rats, but the mechanism might not be related to intestinal tight junction ZO-1 expression.
- Published
- 2017
44. 氮添加对亚热带次生常绿阔叶林扁刺栲细根生物量、寿命和形态的短期影响
- Author
-
Guan-Tao CHEN, null 陈冠陶, null 彭勇, null 郑军, null 李顺, null 彭天驰, null 邱细容, null 涂利华, Yong PENG, Jun ZHENG, Shun LI, Tian-Chi PENG, Xi-Rong QIU, and Li-Hua TU
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Nitrogen deposition ,Biomass (ecology) ,Morphology (linguistics) ,Ecology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Subtropics ,Castanopsis platyacantha ,Evergreen ,01 natural sciences ,Nitrogen ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2017
45. Active Volatile Constituents in Perilla frutescens Essential Oils and Improvement of Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivity by Fractionation
- Author
-
Chiung-Chi Peng, Robert Y. Peng, Kuan Chou Chen, Li-Yun Lin, Yen Wei Liu, Hui Er Wang, and Kun Hung Shen
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,medicine.drug_class ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030106 microbiology ,Fractionation ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Anti-inflammatory ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Botany ,medicine ,Cultivar ,Essential oil ,Perilla frutescens ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Organic Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,chemistry ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt Labiatae (Pl), known as “Zi-So” and widely grown in China (red cultivar, Rpl) and Japan (green cultivar, Gpl), is frequently served on “Sa-Shi-Mi” dishes. Considering ...
- Published
- 2016
46. Slow infusion rate of doxorubicin induces higher pro-inflammatory cytokine production
- Author
-
Yi-Maun Subeq, Ru-Ping Lee, Fwu-Lin Yang, Yi-Chi Peng, and Chin-Chieh Tien
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Time Factors ,Heart Diseases ,Pharmacology ,Kidney ,Toxicology ,Creatine ,Rats, Inbred WKY ,Blood cell ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lactate dehydrogenase ,Animals ,Medicine ,Infusions, Intravenous ,Blood urea nitrogen ,Inflammation ,Creatinine ,Cardiotoxicity ,Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Heart ,General Medicine ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,chemistry ,Doxorubicin ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Toxicity ,Cytokines ,Kidney Diseases ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ,Inflammation Mediators ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Different infusion rates of doxorubicin (DOX) have been used for treating human malignancies. Organ toxicity after DOX infusion is a major issue in treatment disruption. However, whether different DOX infusion rates induce different toxicity is still unknown. In this study, we examined the toxicity effects of different DOX infusion rates in the early phase of organ toxicity. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 5-, 15-, and 30-min infusion rate groups. A single dose of DOX (8.3 mg/kg, I.V.) was administered at different infusion rates. Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h after DOX administration. The blood cell count and blood biochemistry were analyzed. The liver, kidney, and heart were removed for pathological examinations after the rats were sacrificed. Our findings show that the 30-min group had higher injury markers in the liver (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase), kidneys (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), and heart (creatine phosphokinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase), and had higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 levels than did the other groups. The 30-min group also had more severe damage according to the pathological examinations. In conclusion, slower infusion of DOX induced a higher inflammatory response and greater organ damage.
- Published
- 2016
47. Astaxanthin Protects PC12 Cells against Homocysteine- and Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Author
-
Kuan Chou Chen, Chiung Chi Peng, Robert Y. Peng, Chi Huang Chang, and Kuo Chun Liaw
- Subjects
Excitotoxicity ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Apoptosis ,glutamate (Glu) ,Pharmacology ,Xanthophylls ,medicine.disease_cause ,Analytical Chemistry ,homocysteine (Hcy) ,Lipid peroxidation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Discovery ,Homocysteine ,Caspase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Glutamate receptor ,Mitochondria ,astaxanthin (ATX) ,Neuroprotective Agents ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,intrinsic apoptotic pathways ,Glutamic Acid ,Neuroprotection ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,medicine ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,030304 developmental biology ,Reactive oxygen species ,Organic Chemistry ,Neurotoxicity ,PC12 cells ,neuroprotective ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Oxidative Stress ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Calcium ,Lipid Peroxidation ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Memory impairment has been shown to be associated with glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity, homocysteine (Hcy) accumulation, and oxidative stress. We hypothesize that Glu and Hcy could damage neuronal cells, while astaxanthin (ATX) could be beneficial to alleviate the adverse effects. Using PC12 cell model, we showed that Glu and Hcy provoked a huge amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, causing mitochondrial damage at EC50 20 and 10 mm, respectively. The mechanisms of action include: (1) increasing calcium influx, (2) producing ROS, (3) initiating lipid peroxidation, (4) causing imbalance of the Bcl-2/Bax homeostasis, and (5) activating cascade of caspases involving caspases 12 and 3. Conclusively, the damages caused by Glu and Hcy to PC12 cells can be alleviated by the potent antioxidant ATX.
- Published
- 2019
48. Fish oil up-regulates hepatic autophagy in rats with chronic ethanol consumption
- Author
-
Suh Ching Yang, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Ya Ling Chen, Hsiang Chi Peng, Nien Shan Lu, and Wan Chun Chiu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,0302 clinical medicine ,Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog ,Liver injury ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Chemistry ,Alanine Transaminase ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ,CYP2E1 ,Fish oil ,Glutathione ,Up-Regulation ,Cholesterol ,Liver ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Beclin-1 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Aspartate transaminase ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fish Oils ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Aspartate Aminotransferases ,Rats, Wistar ,Molecular Biology ,Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ,Olive Oil ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Triglycerides ,Inflammation ,Ethanol ,Akt/PKB signaling pathway ,medicine.disease ,Lipid Metabolism ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Alanine transaminase ,Dietary Supplements ,biology.protein - Abstract
In this study, we examined the regulation of autophagy by fish oil in rats under ethanol-containing diets. Thirty male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were divided into six groups and fed a control diet or an ethanol-containing diet, which was adjusted with fish oil to replace 25% or 57% of the olive oil. After 8 weeks, rats in the E (ethanol diet) group showed the significantly higher plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, protein expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines. However, all of those items had significantly decreased in the EF25 (ethanol with 25% fish oil) and EF57 (ethanol with 57% fish oil) groups. As to autophagic indicators, protein expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) and p62 were significantly increased in the E group. Conversely, the protein expressions of light chain 3II (LC3II)/LC3I and Beclin1 were significantly decreased in the E group. On the other hand, protein expressions of phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, ULK1, and p62 were down-regulated, protein expressions of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 were conversely up-regulated in the EF25 and EF57 groups. Fish oil activated hepatic autophagy via inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway, which exerted protective effects against ethanol-induced liver injury in rats.
- Published
- 2019
49. Physiological stress responses, mineral element uptake and phytoremediation potential of Morus alba L. in cadmium-contaminated soil
- Author
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Chi Peng, Ling-Qing Liu, Xiyuan Xiao, Yalei He, Zhaohui Guo, Demei Yan, and Peng Zeng
- Subjects
Chlorophyll b ,Chlorophyll ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Photosynthetic pigment ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Plant Roots ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Stress, Physiological ,Malondialdehyde ,Soil Pollutants ,Biomass ,Photosynthesis ,Sugar ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,Minerals ,Chlorophyll A ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,APX ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Plant Leaves ,Phytoremediation ,Horticulture ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Morus ,Woody plant - Abstract
Fast growing woody plants are proposed for potential application for phytoremediation of contaminated soil. In this study, the plant growth, physiological responses, mineral element uptake, and phytoremediation potential of the woody plant Morus alba L. were studied in different levels of Cd-contaminated soil through dynamic sampling (30, 60, 120, and 180 d). The results indicated that M. alba L. had strong physiological coordination, tolerance and detoxification capacity in response to Cd in contaminated soil. Compared with the control, the photosynthetic pigment content in M. alba L. leaves was significantly suppressed during initial cultivation (30–60 d) and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) were increased from 30 to 120 d of cultivation. Furthermore, the uptake of Cu, Mn, and Zn in plant tissues was imbalanced throughout cultivation (30–180 d) under 55 mg·kg−1 Cd stress. However, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in plant leaves, as well as the uptake of macronutrients (K, Ca, and Mg) in plant stems and leaves were maintained at normal levels. Furthermore, the catalase (CAT) activities in plant leaves and the Ca and Mg contents in plant roots were significantly (p
- Published
- 2019
50. Manufacturing technology of banana-assorted breads: The fermentative characteristics affected by different banana cultivars
- Author
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Chun Shen Wang, Hui Er Wang, Kuan Chou Chen, Kun Hung Shen, Chiung Chi Peng, Robert Y. Peng, and Li-Yun Lin
- Subjects
Taste ,food.ingredient ,Pectin ,fermentative characteristics ,Musa sapientum and M. formosana ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Mouthfeel ,food ,Nutrient ,Musa basjoo ,Cultivar ,Food science ,banana breads processing ,Flavor ,Original Research ,pectin ,biology ,soluble sugars ,Chemistry ,textural profile analysis ,hedonic scoring ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Chewiness ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
Taiwan produces large quantities of bananas in the southern area. Recently, due to the export quantity has been greatly reduced, in order to efficiently maintain the banana agriculture and economy, the development of alternate uses of bananas has become urgently in need. Bananas contain a fair amount of nutrients with low glycemic index. Currently, as the bread consumption is increasing, we tried to manufacture banana‐assorted breads. The desiccated powders of Musa sapientum var TC2‐425 Linn [(genomically, called as Musa (AAA) (MA)] and Musa basjoo “Nam Wa” (MB) were separately incorporated at 15%, 20%, and 25% (denoted as MA15‐MA25 and MB15‐MB25). Results indicated that MA exhibited higher contents of moisture, ash, crude protein, and lutein, while with lower crude fat, crude fibers, carbohydrate, sodium, total soluble sugars, and pectin. The contents of taste compounds (name, samples in decreasing order) were as follows: 5′‐CMP (MB25, MB20); 5′‐GMP (MA25, MA20); 5′‐AMP (MB25, MA15); 5′‐XMP (MA25, MA20); 5′‐IMP (MA25, MB20, MB25); and 5′‐UMP (MA20, MA25, MB20). Hedonic scoring (HS) indicated MA15, MA20, MB15, and MB20 were more acceptable. Textural profile analysis (TPA; for 0–6 days, only 0–4 days are shown) revealed that “flavor,” “mouthfeel,” “hardness,” “gumminess,” and “chewiness” were the determinant key roles. Conclusively, due to different chemical constituent of banana, different recipes must be considered. The bread acceptability is affected by the fermentative profile which in turn is governed by the contents of soluble sugars, pectin, taste compounds, and the overall activity of yeast cells., The bread acceptability is affected by the fermentative profile which in turn is governed by the contents of soluble sugars, pectin, and taste compounds. Hence, regarding the use of bananas in making the banana‐assorted breads, the recipes must be carefully designed by considering such factors.
- Published
- 2019
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