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143,934 results on '"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"'

1. The ozone–climate penalty over South America and Africa by 2100

Author: Flossie Brown, Gerd A. Folberth, Stephen Sitch, Susanne Bauer, Marijin Bauters, Pascal Boeckx, Alexander W. Cheesman, Makoto Deushi, Inês Dos Santos, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, James Haywood, James Keeble, Lina M. Mercado, Fiona M. O'Connor, Naga Oshima, Kostas Tsigaridis, Hans Verbeeck, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, TROPOSPHERIC OZONE, AIR-QUALITY, MODEL, SULFUR-DIOXIDE, DRY DEPOSITION, Meteorology and Climatology, CHEMISTRY, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Environmental Sciences, cavelab, SURFACE OZONE, ISOPRENE EMISSIONS, VEGETATION, FUTURE CLIMATE
Abstract: Climate change has the potential to increase surface ozone (O3) concentrations, known as the “ozone–climate penalty”, through changes to atmospheric chemistry, transport and dry deposition. In the tropics, the response of surface O3 to changing climate is relatively understudied but has important consequences for air pollution and human and ecosystem health. In this study, we evaluate the change in surface O3 due to climate change over South America and Africa using three state-of-the-art Earth system models that follow the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 3-7.0 emission scenario from CMIP6. In order to quantify changes due to climate change alone, we evaluate the difference between simulations including climate change and simulations with a fixed present-day climate. We find that by 2100, models predict an ozone–climate penalty in areas where O3 is already predicted to be high due to the impacts of precursor emissions, namely urban and biomass burning areas, although on average, models predict a decrease in surface O3 due to climate change. We identify a small but robust positive trend in annual mean surface O3 over polluted areas. Additionally, during biomass burning seasons, seasonal mean O3 concentrations increase by 15 ppb (model range 12 to 18 ppb) in areas with substantial biomass burning such as the arc of deforestation in the Amazon. The ozone–climate penalty in polluted areas is shown to be driven by an increased rate of O3 chemical production, which is strongly influenced by NOx concentrations and is therefore specific to the emission pathway chosen. Multiple linear regression finds the change in NOx concentration to be a strong predictor of the change in O3 production, whereas increased isoprene emission rate is positively correlated with increased O3 destruction, suggesting NOx-limited conditions over the majority of tropical Africa and South America. However, models disagree on the role of climate change in remote, low-NOx regions, partly because of significant differences in NOx concentrations produced by each model. We also find that the magnitude and location of the ozone–climate penalty in the Congo Basin has greater inter-model variation than that in the Amazon, so further model development and validation are needed to constrain the response in central Africa. We conclude that if the climate were to change according to the emission scenario used here, models predict that forested areas in biomass burning locations and urban populations will be at increasing risk of high O3 exposure, irrespective of any direct impacts on O3 via the prescribed emission scenario.
Published: 2022

2. High resolution assimilation of IASI ozone data with a global CTM

Author: B. Pajot, Sebastien Massart, Daniel Hurtmans, W. A. Lahoz, Andrea Piacentini, Cathy Clerbaux, Daniel Cariolle, P.-F. Coheur, Olivier Pannekoucke, Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Météo-France, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ozone, Pixel, Meteorology, High resolution, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, Standard deviation, Microwave Limb Sounder, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Data assimilation, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], symbols, Environmental science, Gaussian grid, Remote sensing
Abstract: The pixel size of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) remote sensor is much smaller than the horizontal grid size of current Chemical Transport Models (CTMs). In order to assimilate the maximum of information from the IASI retrievals, we have increased the horizontal resolution of our model MOCAGE to be consistent with the IASI pixel size. Experiments are carried out with the Valentina data assimilation system using the standard and the high resolution versions of the model. Two resolutions of the horizontal Gaussian grid have been used for the model: with a T42 and a T170 triangular truncations. Our study is based on the combination of data from the IASI instrument and from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), since this latter dataset allows the information to be spread through the whole atmospheric columns at a low computational cost. Two datasets of ozone super-observations have been constructed by averaging the IASI data on the two model grids. Direct model simulations without data assimilation first show that the increase of the horizontal resolution modifies the ozone smallest scale structures as well as the ozone meridional distribution. This modification results from a better representation of the vertical velocity with the T170 configuration. When the ozone assimilation is performed there is less influence of the horizontal resolution of the model. Nevertheless, in a general way, comparisons with independent data show large reductions of the ozone standard deviations when the resolution is increased. When the ozone assimilation is performed with the high resolution dataset, the high resolution model does not improve the ozone analysis compared to the one obtained with the same model resolution but with the low resolution IASI dataset. This result is due to the difficulty to combine IASI data and MLS data. For assimilating IASI data at high resolution the horizontal correlation length-scale has to be decreased to catch the small scale structures present in the dataset. By doing so the influence of the coarser resolution MLS data is decreased and part of the information brought on the vertical shape of the ozone profile is lost. It is concluded that it is essential to add information on the vertical distribution of ozone column when the IASI data is assimilated at a resolution close to the pixel size. Using IASI averaging kernels would likely improve the simulations, but the computational cost would be much higher. Alternatively, better results might be obtained by a careful tuning of the horizontal correlation length-scale.
Published: 2023

3. Mid-21st century air quality at the urban scale under the influence of changed climate and emissions: case studies for Paris and Stockholm

Author: Myrto Valari, Magnuz Engardt, Robert Vautard, Gwendoline Lacressonnière, Konstantinos Markakis, Camilla Andersson, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), UN-HABITAT, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health impact, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 11. Sustainability, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global warming, Miljövetenskap, lcsh:QC1-999, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Homogeneous, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Urban scale, lcsh:Physics, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Ozone, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations over Paris, France and Stockholm, Sweden were modeled at 4 and 1 \unit{km} horizontal resolutions respectively for the present and 2050 periods employing decade-long simulations. We account for large-scale global climate change (RCP-4.5) and fine resolution bottom-up emission projections developed by local experts and quantify their impact on future pollutant concentrations. Moreover, we identify biases related to the implementation of regional scale emission projections over the study areas by comparing modeled pollutant concentrations between the fine and coarse scale simulations. We show that over urban areas with major regional contribution (e.g., the city of Stockholm) the bias due to coarse emission inventory may be significant and lead to policy misclassification. Our results stress the need to better understand the mechanism of bias propagation across the modeling scales in order to design more successful local-scale strategies. We find that the impact of climate change is spatially homogeneous in both regions, implying strong regional influence. The climate benefit for ozone (daily average and maximum) is up to -5 % for Paris and -2 % for Stockholm city. The joined climate benefit on PM2.5 and PM10 in Paris is between -10 and -5 % while for Stockholm we observe mixed trends up to 3 % depending on season and size class. In Stockholm, emission mitigation leads to concentration reductions up to 15 % for daily average and maximum ozone and 20 % for PM and through a sensitivity analysis we show that this response is entirely due to changes in emissions at the regional scale. On the contrary, over the city of Paris (VOC-limited photochemical regime), local mitigation of NOx emissions increases future ozone concentrations due to ozone titration inhibition. This competing trend between the respective roles of emission and climate change, results in an increase in 2050 daily average ozone by 2.5 % in Paris. Climate and not emission change appears to be the most influential factor for maximum ozone concentration over the city of Paris, which may be particularly interesting in a health impact perspective.
Published: 2023

4. A Genome-Wide Evolutionary Simulation of the Transcription-Supercoiling Coupling

Author: Sam Meyer, Théotime Grohens, Guillaume Beslon, Artificial Evolution and Computational Biology (BEAGLE), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chromatine et Régulation de la Pathogénie bactérienne (CRP), Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie (MAP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lyon, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Transcription, Genetic, Computational biology, Biology, Genome, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transcription (biology), Artificial Intelligence, Gene expression, evolution, Computer Science (miscellaneous), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Promoter Regions, Genetic, Gene, genome, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], DNA, Superhelical, Promoter, DNA, Phenotype, DNA supercoiling, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), DNA supercoiling gene transcription genome evolution, gene transcription, transcription-supercoiling coupling, chemistry, DNA supercoil, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: DNA supercoiling, the level of under- or overwinding of the DNA polymer around itself, is widely recognized as an ancestral regulation mechanism of gene expression in bacteria. Higher levels of negative supercoiling facilitate the opening of the DNA double helix at gene promoters and thereby increase gene transcription rates. Different levels of supercoiling have been measured in bacteria exposed to different environments, leading to the hypothesis that variations in supercoiling could be a response to changes in the environment. Moreover, DNA transcription has been shown to generate local variations in the supercoiling level and, therefore, to impact the transcription rate of neighboring genes. In this work, we study the coupled dynamics of DNA supercoiling and transcription at the genome scale. We implement a genome-wide model of gene expression based on the transcription-supercoiling coupling. We show that, in this model, a simple change in global DNA supercoiling is sufficient to trigger differentiated responses in gene expression levels via the transcription-supercoiling coupling. Then, studying our model in the light of evolution, we demonstrate that this non-linear response to different environments, mediated by the transcription-supercoiling coupling, can serve as the basis for the evolution of specialized phenotypes.
Published: 2022

5. Insight into the structure of black coatings of ancient Egyptian mummies by advanced electron magnetic resonance of vanadyl complexes

Author: Océane Anduze, Hervé Vezin, Laurent Binet, Charles E. Dutoit, Agnès Lattuati-Derieux, Didier Gourier, Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris [IRCP], Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE) - UMR 8516, Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France [C2RMF], Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-CE29-0002,ESCULAPE,Le spin électronique: un nouvel outil pour l'héritage culturel et la protection de la population(2017)
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Electron magnetic resonance
Abstract: Ancient Egyptian mummies from the Late Period to the Greco–Roman Period were covered by a black coating consisting of complex and heterogeneous mixtures of conifer resins, wax, fat and oil with variable amounts of bitumen. Natural bitumen always contains traces of vanadyl porphyrin complexes that we used here as internal probes to explore the nanoscale environment of V4+ ions in these black coatings by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and hyperfine sub-level correlation spectroscopy (HYSCORE). Four types of vanadyl porphyrin complexes were identified from the analysis of 14N hyperfine interactions. Three types (referred to as VO-P1, VO-P2 and VO-P3) are present in natural bitumen from the Dead Sea, among which VO-P1 and VO-P2 are also present in black coatings of mummies. The absence of VO-P3 in mummies, which is replaced by another complex, VO-P4, may be due to its transformation during preparation of the black matter for embalming. Analysis of 1H hyperfine interaction shows that bitumen and other natural substances are intimately mixed in these black coatings, with aggregate sizes of bitumen increasing with the bitumen content but not exceeding a few nanometres.
Published: 2022

6. Multiple Surface Site Three-Dimensional Structure Determination of a Supported Molecular Catalyst

Author: Ribal Jabbour, Marc Renom-Carrasco, Ka Wing Chan, Laura Völker, Pierrick Berruyer, Zhuoran Wang, Cory M. Widdifield, Moreno Lelli, David Gajan, Christophe Copéret, Chloé Thieuleux, Anne Lesage, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs de Lyon (CRMN), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catalyse, Polymérisation, Procédés et Matériaux (CP2M), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences [ETH Zürich] (D-CHAB), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Regina (UR), Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and ANR-17-CE29-0006,SEQUANS,Spectroscopie RMN Quadripolaire de Surface Exaltée par DNP(2017)
Subjects: Molecular Structure, spatial-distribution, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, General Chemistry, chemistry, Iridium, Ligands, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Heterocyclic Compounds, dynamic nuclear-polarization, metal-catalysts, screening model, Organometallic Compounds, solid-state nmr, dnp, solvation, organic functional-groups, approximation
Abstract: International audience; The structural characterization of supported molecular catalysts is challenging due to the low concentration of surface sites and the presence of several organic/organometallic surface groups resulting from the often complex surface chemistry associated with support functionalization. Here, we provide a complete atomic-scale description of all surface sites in a silica-supported iridium-N-heterocyclic carbene (Ir-NHC) catalytic material, at all stages of its synthesis. By combining a suitable isotope labelling strategy with the implementation of multi-nuclear dipolar recoupling DNP enhanced NMR experiments, the 3D structure of the Ir-NHC sites, as well as that of the synthesis intermediates were determined. As a significant fraction of parent surface fragments does not react during the multi-step synthesis, site-selective experiments were implemented to specifically probe proximities between the organometallic groups and the solid support. The NMR-derived structure of the iridium sites points to a well-defined conformation. By interpreting extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and chemical analysis data augmented by computational studies, the presence of two coordination geometries is demonstrated: Ir-NHC fragments coordinated by a 1,5-cyclooctadiene and one Cl ligand, as well as, more surprisingly, a fragment coordinated by two NHC and two Cl ligands. This study demonstrates a unique methodology to disclose individual surface structures in complex, multi-site environments, a long-standing challenge in the field of heterogeneous/supported catalysts, while revealing new, unexpected structural features of metallo-NHC supported substrates. It also highlights the potentially large diversity of surface sites present in functional materials prepared by surface chemistry, an essential knowledge to design materials with improved performances.
Published: 2022

7. Identification of the three zinc-binding sites on tau protein

Author: Pascale Barbier, François Devred, Françoise Guerlesquin, Diane Allegro, Malesinski Soazig, Romain La Rocca, Andrey V. Golovin, Philipp O. Tsvetkov, Institut de neurophysiopathologie (INP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gene isoform, Zinc binding, Binding sites, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Tau protein, chemistry.chemical_element, tau Proteins, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Zinc, Microtubules, Biochemistry, Dynamic light scattering, Structural Biology, Humans, Binding site, Cytoskeleton, Molecular Biology, biology, Isothermal titration calorimetry, General Medicine, NMR, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, chemistry, Tauopathies, biology.protein, Biophysics, Tau, Protein Binding
Abstract: Tau protein has been extensively studied due to its key roles in microtubular cytoskeleton regulation and in the formation of aggregates found in some neurodegenerative diseases. Recently it has been shown that zinc is able to induce tau aggregation by interacting with several binding sites. However, the precise location of these sites and the molecular mechanism of zinc-induced aggregation remain unknown. Here we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to identify zinc binding sites on hTau40 isoform. These experiments revealed three distinct zinc binding sites on tau, located in the N-terminal part (H14, H32, H94, and H121), the repeat region (H299, C322, H329 and H330) and the C-terminal part (H362, H374, H388 and H407). Further analysis enabled us to show that the C-terminal and the N-terminal sites are independent of each other. Using molecular simulations, we modeled the structure of each site in a complex with zinc. Given the clinical importance of zinc in tau aggregation, our findings pave the way for designing potential therapies for tauopathies.HighlightsZinc is known to induce tau aggregation in neurodegenerative diseasesZinc binding locations and mechanism are not yet clearUsing NMR we localized 3 zinc binding site on tauBy molecular simulations, we proposed a modeled structure of each siteOur findings pave the way for designing potential therapies for tauopathies
Published: 2022

8. Scale Issue for Organic and Inorganic Carbon Exports to Oceans: Case Study in the Sub-Tropical Thukela River Basin, South Africa

Author: Macdex Mutema, Sandiswa Figlan, Vincent Chaplot, Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa (UNISA), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and European Project: 266360,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-AFRICA-2010,WHATER(2011)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], organic compounds, river, chemistry, Africa, landscapes, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: Despite carbon (C) exports from continents being crucial in the connection between terrestrial, atmospheric, and oceanic C, there is still limited understanding of the dynamics of C within river basins. The objective of this work was to assess the changes in particulate (POC) and dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic C (PIC: particulate inorganic carbon, DIC: dissolved inorganic carbon) content, quality, and fluxes within a river basin from its headwaters to its exit at the ocean. A survey was designed in the Thukela basin (from 2012 to 2013 and at six nested catchments ranging from ~10 to ~30,000 km2) in the east of South Africa to evaluate the content, fluxes, and quality (UV spectral slope, 13C, CO2 effluxes from runoff) of the transported C in conjunction with chemical elements (Si, Na) for discriminating between the water sources and estimating C dynamics during low flows. Total carbon exports decreased continuously from 9.75 km2 in the headwater (31.9 kg C km−2 y−1) to ocean (4.7 kg C km−2 y−1) with the highest decrease occurring between the catchment (7614 km2) and large catchment (14,478 km2). About 80% of C exports from the headwaters were POC, followed by DIC (10%) and DOC (10%), while at the ocean, the proportions were 31% (POC), 45% (DIC), 23% (DOC), and 0.7% (PIC). Moreover, there was a sharp decrease in the dissolved organic matter aromaticity from the headwater to ocean and for both DOC and POC that did not correspond to changes in water sources along the river (as indicated by a relatively constant Si/Na ratio). This pointed to the decomposition in the river of the dissolved organic matter originating from soils and to the within-stream organic production. Further in situ investigations need to be performed to quantify the within-stream inputs.
Published: 2023

9. Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich domains of Lysyl Oxidase-Like2 regulate endothelial ECM and angiogenesis through non-catalytic scaffolding mechanisms

Author: Marion Marchand, Jérémie Teillon, Stéphane Germain, Claudia Umana-Diaz, Florence Ruggiero, Corinne Ardidie-Robouant, Marilyne Malbouyres, Christophe Guilluy, A. Barret, Catherine Monnot, Laurent Muller, Romain Salza, Sylvie Ricard-Blum, Yoann Atlas, Cathy Pichol-Thievend, Philippe Girard, Pathologie et virologie moléculaire (PVM (UMR_7151)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie (CIRB), Labex MemoLife, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pathologie vasculaire et endocrinologie rénale - Chaire de médecine expérimentale (INSERM U36), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assemblages Supramoléculaires Péricellulaires et Extracellulaires (ASPE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inflammasome NLRP3 – NLRP3 Inflammasome, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Collagen Type IV, 0301 basic medicine, Angiogenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neovascularization, Physiologic, Lysyl oxidase, Cell Line, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein Domains, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, medicine, Animals, Humans, Scavenger receptor, Molecular Biology, Zebrafish, Basement membrane, Binding Sites, LOXL2, biology, Chemistry, Dermis, Fibroblasts, Zebrafish Proteins, Extracellular Matrix, Fibronectins, Cell biology, Fibronectin, Surface coating, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, biology.protein, Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
Abstract: International audience; Lysyl oxidases are major actors of microenvironment and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. These cross-linking enzymes are thus involved in many aspects of physiopathology, including tumor progression, fibrosis and cardiovascular diseases. We have already shown that Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 (LOXL2) regulates collagen IV deposition by endothelial cells and angiogenesis. We here provide evidence that LOXL2 also affects deposition of other ECM components, including fibronectin, thus altering structural and mechanical properties of the matrix generated by endothelial cells. LOXL2 interacts intracellularly and directly with collagen IV and fibronectin before incorporation into ECM fibrillar structures upon exocytosis, as demonstrated by TIRF time-lapse microscopy. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance experiments using recombinant scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains truncated for the catalytic domain demonstrated their direct binding to collagen IV. We thus used directed mutagenesis to investigate the role of LOXL2 catalytic domain. Neither enzyme activity nor catalytic domain were necessary for collagen IV deposition and angiogenesis, whereas the SRCR domains were effective for these processes. Finally, surface coating with recombinant SRCR domains restored deposition of collagen IV by LOXL2-depleted cells. We thus propose that LOXL2 SRCR domains orchestrate scaffolding of the vascular basement membrane and angiogenesis through interactions with collagen IV and fibronectin, independently of the enzymatic crosslinking activity.
Published: 2023

10. PECATI: A Multicentric, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib in Pretreated B3-Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Patients

Author: Laurence Bigay-Game, Miguel Sampayo, Nicolas Girard, Laurent Greillier, Benjamin Besse, Javier de Castro, Jordi Remon, Sophie Cousin, R. Bernabé, Oscar Juan, Joaquin Mosquera, Silvia Novello, Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut Curie [Paris], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Service de pneumologie [Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío [Sevilla], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe = University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), and Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Thymoma, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Second-line, Pembrolizumab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Immunotherapy, Lenvatinib, Pembrolizumab, Second-line, Thymic epithelial tumors, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Lenvatinib, Humans, Medicine, Thymic epithelial tumors, Lung cancer, Survival rate, Thymic carcinoma, business.industry, Phenylurea Compounds, Standard treatment, Cancer, Thymus Neoplasms, medicine.disease, chemistry, Quinolines, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunotherapy, business
Abstract: International audience; Thymic epithelial tumors are rare neoplastic proliferations of thymic epithelial cells. The aggressiveness of these malignancies increases as higher is the histologic subtype, being thymic carcinoma the most aggressive subtype, with a greater tendency to metastatic spread. In metastatic setting, there is no standard treatment after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy. In this scenario, monotherapy treatment either with lenvatinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic properties, or pembrolizumab, an immune-checkpoint inhibitor, has reported clinical activity. Potential combination of both agents may have synergistic activity as reported in other cancer types. PECATI trial is a single-arm, investigator-initiated phase II study aiming to assess the activity and safety of the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in 43 patients with advanced B3-thymoma or thymic carcinoma who progressed on or after at least one previous line of platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint of the trial is 5-month progression-free survival rate and the secondary endpoints include overall response rate, duration of response, and overall survival.
Published: 2022

11. Deconvoluting the impacts of the active material skeleton and the inactive phase morphology on the performance of lithium ion battery electrodes

Author: Mehdi Chouchane, Alejandro A. Franco, Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Work (thermodynamics), Morphology (linguistics), Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, chemistry.chemical_element, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Lithium-ion battery, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Agglomerate, Electrode, General Materials Science, Particle size, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; In order to extract the most capacity out of Li-ion battery (LIB) active materials, the optimization of the electrodes architectures at the mesoscale is essential. This work focuses on the morphology of the inactive phase (carbon additives and binder) through a 3-D modeling approach based on stochastic generation of electrode mesostructures with realistic LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 particle size distributions. It was found that having the inactive phase as a film spread on the active material results in poorer performance in part due to the loss of active surface area when compared to an agglomerate-like morphology.
Published: 2022

12. ERRα coordinates actin and focal adhesion dynamics

Author: Martial Balland, Violaine Tribollet, Alain Géloën, Julien Courchet, E. Danty-Berger, Catherine Cerutti, Jean-Marc Vanacker, Christelle Forcet, R. De Mets, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université de Lyon
Subjects: Cancer Research, RHOA, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, macromolecular substances, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Focal adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Movement, Humans, Gene silencing, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell adhesion, Molecular Biology, Actin, 030304 developmental biology, Focal Adhesions, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Cell migration, Cofilin, Actin cytoskeleton, Actins, Cell biology, Actin Depolymerizing Factors, Receptors, Estrogen, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine
Abstract: Cell migration depends on the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton and assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions (FA). However the precise mechanisms coordinating these processes remain poorly understood. We previously identified the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) as a major regulator of cell migration. Here, we show that loss of ERRα leads to abnormal accumulation of actin filaments that is associated with an increase in the level of inactive form of the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin. We further show that ERRα depletion decreases cell adhesion and promotes defective FA formation and turnover. Interestingly, specific inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-cofilin pathway rescues the actin polymerization defects resulting from ERRα silencing, but not cell adhesion. Instead we found that MAP4K4 is a direct target of ERRα and down-regulation of its activity rescues cell adhesion and FA formation in the ERRα-depleted cells. Altogether, our results highlight a crucial role of ERRα in coordinating the dynamic of actin network and focal adhesion through the independent regulation of the RhoA and MAP4K4 pathways.
Published: 2022

13. The search for manganese incorporation in MoSe 2 monolayer epitaxially grown on graphene

Author: Maxime Gay, Minh-Tuan Dau, Céline Vergnaud, Alain Marty, Frédéric Bonell, Hervé Boukari, Colin Paillet, Bérangère Hyot, Hanako Okuno, Pierre Mallet, Jean-Yves Veuillen, Olivier Renault, Matthieu Jamet, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie (QuNES), ANR-18-CE24-0007,MAGICVALLEY,Polarisation de vallée induite par couplage d'échange magnétique dans les matériaux 2D à grande échelle(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0051,LANEF,Laboratory of Alliances on Nanosciences - Energy for the Future(2010), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie (NEEL - QuNES)
Subjects: Materials science, Graphene, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Manganese, 2D materials, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Crystallography, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Magnetic doping, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Scanning tunneling microscopy, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Molecular beam epitaxy, Transmission electron microscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

14. Design of a new yttrium silicate Environmental Barrier Coating (EBC) based on the relationship between microstructure, transport properties and protection efficiency

Author: Sébastien Fourcade, Fabrice Mauvy, Francis Rebillat, S. Arnal, Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux (LCTS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Snecma-SAFRAN group-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by SAFRAN Ceramics., and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Snecma-SAFRAN group-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Environmental barrier, Recession, chemistry.chemical_element, Sintering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Microstructure, Diffusion coefficient, 010302 applied physics, Conductivity, Silicate, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Yttrium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Grain size, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Particle-size distribution, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, Grain boundary, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Yttrium mono- and di-silicates are excellent candidate materials for Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBC), to protect Ceramic-Matrix Composites (CMC). A large distribution of microstructures can be generated by varying the duration of sintering, the particle size distribution of the precursor and/or the deposition method. In the present work, investigations of the corrosion resistance of yttrium silicate coatings with various microstructures in the high temperature range, under different oxidizing environments are reported. An original experimental methodology has allowed quantifying the influence of the microstructure (especially grain size and grain boundary surface area) on properties such as ionic conductivity, resistance to oxygen diffusion, volatilization rate and surface recession, and showing that they directly affect their protection efficiency against oxidation. Based on these results, guidelines for the design of an optimized yttrium silicate EBC featuring microstructural and compositional variations are proposed.
Published: 2022

15. Macromolecular crowding limits growth under pressure

Author: Cécile Formosa-Dague, Baptiste Alric, Liam J. Holt, Etienne Dague, Morgan Delarue, Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NYU Cancer Center Support GrantNIH/NCI P30CA016087, French RENATECH network, United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USAR01 GM132447R37 CA240765, and American Cancer Society
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], biology, Cell growth, Chemistry, Mechanism (biology), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, General Physics and Astronomy, biology.organism_classification, Crowding, Protein expression, Article, Coupling (electronics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biophysics, Environmental sensing, Macromolecular crowding, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Cells that grow in confined spaces eventually build up mechanical compressive stress. This growth-induced pressure (GIP) decreases cell growth. GIP is important in a multitude of contexts from cancer[1–3], to microbial infections[4], to biofouling, yet our understanding of its origin and molecular consequences remains limited. Here, we combine microfluidic confinement of the yeast Saccha-romyces cerevisiae[5],with rheological measurements using genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (GEMs)[6] to reveal that growth-induced pressure is accompanied with an increase in a key cellular physical property: macromolecular crowding. We develop a fully calibrated model that predicts how increased macromolecular crowding hinders protein expression and thus diminishes cell growth. This model is sufficient to explain the coupling of growth rate to pressure without the need for specific molecular sensors or signaling cascades. As molecular crowding is similar across all domains of life, this could be a deeply conserved mechanism of biomechanical feedback that allows environmental sensing originating from the fundamental physical properties of cells.
Published: 2022

16. Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Author: Gustaf Hugelius, Benjamin Poulter, Chunjing Qiu, Ana Bastos, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Atul K. Jain, Hui Yang, Ronny Lauerwald, Pierre Regnier, Philippe Ciais, Wouter Peters, Marielle Saunois, Frédéric Chevallier, Anatoli Shvidenko, Celso von Randow, Masayuki Kondo, Hanqin Tian, Robert J. Scholes, Julia Pongratz, Bo Zheng, Prabir K. Patra, Shilong Piao, Xuhui Wang, Roxana Petrescu, Robert B. Jackson, Pep Canadell, Matthew W. Jones, Isotope Research, Earth and Climate, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, Cambridge Conservation Initiative, CCI, CLAND Convergence Institute, and Acknowledgements. Philippe Ciais acknowledges funding from the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute. Ana Bastos, Frédéric Cheval-lier, and Philippe Ciais acknowledge support from the VERIFY H2020 project and the RECCAP2 ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. The authors are very grateful to the many data providers (measurements, models, inventories, atmospheric inversions, hybrid products, etc.) that are directly or indirectly used in this study.
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, QE1-996.5, WIMEK, Carbon accounting, Land use, chemistry.chemical_element, Inversion (meteorology), Geology, Luchtkwaliteit, Atmospheric sciences, Carbon cycle, Air Quality, chemistry, Carbon project, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Life Science, Environmental science, Carbon, Downscaling
Abstract: Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields, or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions due to different definitions and component fluxes being reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definitions and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to a globe scale and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, using the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims to be an update to regional carbon budgets over the last 2 decades based on observations for 10 regions covering the globe with a better harmonization than the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversion results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes, and land use fluxes.
Published: 2022

17. Regulation of Mus81-Eme1 structure-specific endonuclease by Eme1 SUMO-binding and Rad3 ATR kinase is essential in the absence of Rqh1 BLM helicase

Author: gaillard, pierre-henri, Giaccherini, Cédric, Scaglione, S., Coulon, S., Dehé, P.M., Gaillard, P.H.L., Guervilly, Jean-Hugues, Blin, Marion, Laureti, Luisa, Baudelet, Emilie, Audebert, Stéphane, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and gaillard, pierre-henri
Subjects: congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, DNA Repair, DNA repair, Peptide, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, DNA Mismatch Repair, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, law, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Genetics, neoplasms, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Genome integrity, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], Endonucleases, In vitro, digestive system diseases, Cell biology, DNA-Binding Proteins, MutS Homolog 2 Protein, chemistry, [SDV.BBM.MN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, MSH2, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, repair and replication, Suppressor, DNA mismatch repair, Function (biology), Binding domain
Abstract: The tumour suppressor SLX4 plays multiple roles in the maintenance of genome stability, acting as a scaffold for structure-specific endonucleases and other DNA repair proteins. It directly interacts with the mismatch repair (MMR) protein MSH2 but the significance of this interaction remained unknown until recent findings showing that MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3) stimulates in vitro the SLX4-dependent Holliday junction resolvase activity. Here, we characterize the mode of interaction between SLX4 and MSH2, which relies on an MSH2-interacting peptide (SHIP box) that drives interaction of SLX4 with both MutSβ and MutSα (MSH2-MSH6). While we show that this MSH2 binding domain is dispensable for the well-established role of SLX4 in interstrand crosslink repair, we find that it mediates inhibition of MutSα-dependent MMR by SLX4, unravelling an unanticipated function of SLX4.
Published: 2022

18. Design of concentrated colloidal dispersions of iron oxide nanoparticles in ionic liquids: Structure and thermal stability from 25 to 200 °C

Author: J. C. Riedl, T. Fiuza, Régine Perzynski, Jerome Depeyrot, Mitradeep Sarkar, Emmanuelle Dubois, Fabrice Cousin, Véronique Peyre, Guillaume Mériguet, PHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Complex Fluid Group [Brasilia] (CFG), Instituto de Física [Brasilia], Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB)-Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Groupe Diffusion petits angles (GDPA), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS)
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Iron oxide, Ionic bonding, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Dynamic light scattering, Ionic liquid, Bistriflimide, Thermal stability, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Hypothesis Some of the most promising fields of application of ionic liquid-based colloids imply elevated temperatures. Their careful design and analysis is therefore essential. We assume that tuning the structure of the nanoparticle-ionic liquid interface through its composition can ensure colloidal stability for a wide temperature range, from room temperature up to 200 °C. Experiments The system under study consists of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in ethylmethylimidazolium bistriflimide (EMIM TFSI). The key parameters of the solid-liquid interface, tuned at room temperature, are the surface charge density and the nature of the counterions. The thermal stability of these nanoparticle dispersions is then analysed on the short and long term up to 200 °C. A multiscale analysis is performed combining dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Findings Following the proposed approach with a careful choice of the species at the solid-liquid interface, ionic liquid-based colloidal dispersions of iron oxide NPs in EMIM TFSI stable over years at room temperature can be obtained, also stable at least over days up to 200 °C and NPs concentrations up to 12 vol% ( ≈ 30 wt%) thanks to few near-surface ionic layers.
Published: 2022

19. Mixotrophy in aquatic plants, an overlooked ability

Author: Antoine Firmin, Marc-André Selosse, Christophe Dunand, Arnaud Elger, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Gdańsk (UG), Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Heterotroph, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon Cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, mixotrophy, Aquatic plant, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Autotroph, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, heterotrophy, Autotrophic Processes, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, Plants, 15. Life on land, dissolved organic carbon, Carbon, 6. Clean water, aquatic plant, chemistry, Mixotroph
Abstract: International audience; Aquatic plants are crucial for the proper functioning of aquatic environments. So far, mixotrophy, widespread in aquatic microbial communities and in certain terrestrial plants, has been studied rarely in aquatic plants other than carnivorous ones. New evidence, particularly in Lemna and other close genera, suggests that mixotrophy is much more widespread than previously thought. Three processes could be involved, namely biotrophic associations, capture of prey (e.g., in carnivorous plants), and absorbotrophy (uptake of dissolved organic carbon). The latter process seems to be the most probable hypothesis in regard to the physiology of aquatic plants, but further research at both organism and cellular levels is needed to understand and clarify the processes involved and their importance. This opinion opens a new window of opportunity in aquatic ecology, with possible unsuspected applications in water management.
Published: 2022

20. Processes and temperatures of FGR formation in chondrites

Author: C. Le Guillou, Brigitte Zanda, G. Bellino, Roger H. Hewins, Hugues Leroux, P-M. Zanetta, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés [IMPMC], Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides [IMCCE], and Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie [IMPMC]
Subjects: Materials science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], engineering.material, Primitive chondrites, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, Chondrule formation episode, 0103 physical sciences, Texture (crystalline), Fine-grained rims, Matrix, Amorphous silicate, Modal abundances, ACADEMY, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Olivine, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Chondrule, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Grain size, Silicate, Amorphous solid, Meteorite, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], engineering, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In order to understand the nature of the dust that accreted onto chondrules in the nebula and to unravel the conditions of formation of fine grained rims (FGRs), we studied three of the least altered chondrites from different chondrite groups (LL3.00 Semarkona, CO3.0 DOM 08006, CR2.8 QUE 99177) and compared the results with our previous work on the Paris CM chondrite (Zanetta et al., 2021). For each sample, we selected representative rimmed chondrules showing minimal traces of aqueous alteration. We performed high-resolution SEM X-ray chemical mapping to obtain relevant phase abundances and grain size distributions. Four FIB sections were then extracted from each meteorite, two in the rims and two in their adjacent matrix for quantitative TEM analysis. At the microscale, texture, modal abundances and grain size differ depending on the chondrite but also between FGRs and their adjacent matrix. At the nanoscale (i.e. TEM observations), matrices of the four chondrites consist mostly of domains of amorphous silicate associated with Fe-sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, Mg-rich anhydrous silicates and an abundant porosity. The related FGRs in Semarkona (LL) and DOM 08006 (CO) exhibit more compact textures with a lower porosity while FGRs in QUE99177 (CR) are similar to the matrix in terms of porosity. In the three chondrites, FGRs are made of smooth and chemically homogeneous amorphous (or nanocrystalline) silicate with no porosity that encloses domains of porous amorphous silicate bearing Mg-rich anhydrous silicates, Fe-sulfides, Fe-oxides and sometimes metal and Fe-rich olivines. The average compositions in major elements of the amorphous regions are similar for the FGRs and the matrix within a given chondrite (but differ between chondrites). The texture and the chemical homogeneity of the smooth silicate and the fact that it encloses domains of porous amorphous silicate bearing other mineral phases similar to matrix-like material suggests a formation by condensation. Areas that are enclosed in this smooth silicate exhibit Fe-rich olivine formed through Fe interdiffusion that also suggest a thermal modification of the dust accreted to form FGRs. These characteristics indicate a transformation process for the modification of the FGR material similar to the one proposed in our previous work on Paris. We conclude that matrix and FGRs accreted a similar type of dust but FGR material was affected by thermal modification and compaction contemporary with their accretion. For each chondrite, dust accreted onto chondrules under different conditions (dust density, temperature) which led to diverse degrees of compaction/thermal modification of the sub-domains and explain the textural differences observed in FGRs. They accreted on chondrules in a warm environment related to the chondrule formation episode, whereas matrix accreted later in a cooler environment.
Published: 2022

21. Structural and functional analyses explain Pea KAI2 receptor diversity and reveal stereoselective catalysis during signal perception

Author: David Cornu, François-Didier Boyer, Angelica M. Guercio, Nitzan Shabek, Alexandre de Saint Germain, Philippe Le Bris, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Caroline Gutjahr, Salar Torabi, Catherine Rameau, Christine Le Signor, Marion Dalmais, Jean-Paul Pillot, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and 2047396/National Science Foundation (NSF)2028283/National Science Foundation (NSF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, Strigolactone, Medicine (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Catalysis, Serine, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant Growth Regulators, Hydrolase, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Biology (General), Receptor, Histidine, 030304 developmental biology, Butenolide, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Chemistry, Arabidopsis Proteins, Peas, food and beverages, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Ligand (biochemistry), Biochemistry, Perception, Signal transduction, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: KAI2 are plant α/β hydrolase receptors, which perceive smoke-derived butenolide signals (karrikins) and putative endogenous, yet unidentified phytohormones (KAI2-ligands, KLs). The number of functional KAI2 receptors varies among plant species. It has been suggested that KAI2 gene duplication and sub-functionalization plays an adaptative role for diverse environments or ligand diversification by altering the receptor responsiveness to specific KLs. Legumes represent one of the largest families of flowering plants and contain many essential agronomic crops. Prior to legume diversification, KAI2 underwent duplication, resulting in KAI2A and KAI2B. Integrating plant genetics, ligand perception and enzymatic assays, and protein crystallography, we demonstrate that Pisum sativum KAI2A and KAI2B act as receptors and enzymes with divergent ligand stereoselectivity. KAI2B has a stronger affinity than KAI2A towards the KAI2-ligand (-)-GR24 and remarkably hydrolyses a broader range of substrates including the strigolactone-like isomer (+)-GR24. We determine the crystal structures of PsKAI2B in apo and butenolide-bound states. The biochemical and structural analyses as well as recorded mass spectra of KAI2s reveal a transient intermediate on the catalytic serine and a stable adduct on the catalytic histidine, further illuminating the role of KAI2 not only as receptors but also as bona fide enzymes. Our work uncovers the stereoselectivity of ligand perception and catalysis by evolutionarily diverged KAI2 receptors in KAR/KL signaling pathways and proposes adaptive sensitivity to KAR/KL and strigolactone phytohormones by KAI2B.
Published: 2022

22. ZnO – Yb2O3 composite optical ceramics: Synthesis, structure and spectral-luminescent properties

Author: I. D. Venevtsev, Mikhail A. Baranov, K. Kundzins, E. I. Gorokhova, Aleksander A. Zhilin, Olga Dymshits, Pavel Loiko, Liza Basyrova, Alexander Khubetsov, Irina Alekseeva, Faina Muktepavela, S. B. Eron’ko, M. Tsenter, Eugenia Oreschenko, S.I. Vavilov State Optical Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITMO University [Russia], D.V. Efremov Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, University of Latvia (LU), Optique, Matériaux et Laser (OML), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN)
Subjects: Ytterbium, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Infrared, Analytical chemistry, zinc oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, ytterbium sesquioxide, Hot pressing, Sesquioxide, Grain growth, chemistry, visual_art, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Grain boundary, structure, Ceramic, luminescence, Luminescence, optical ceramics
Abstract: International audience; Zinc oxide optical ceramics containing 0 – 2 wt% ytterbium are prepared byuniaxial hot pressing of commercial oxides at 1150 and 1180 °C. The ceramics have themain crystalline phase of hexagonal wurtzite-type ZnO. Ytterbium ions do not enter theZnO crystals but form a cubic sesquioxide phase of Yb2O3 located at the ZnO grainboundaries. Yb acts as an inhibitor for the ZnO grain growth. The ceramics exhibittransmittance up to 60% in the visible. Their transmission in the infrared is determinedby the free charge carrier absorption. The Yb3+ ions are found in C2 and C3i sites in Yb2O3crystals. Under X-ray excitation, the ceramics exhibit intense luminescence bands in theblue (near-band-edge emission) and green (defect emission) whose positions, intensitiesand decay times depend on the Yb content. Yb2O3 causes a redistribution of luminescenceintensity in favor of the near-band-edge emission and fastens the emission decay.
Published: 2022

23. Agent-based models for detecting the driving forces of biomolecular interactions

Author: Emanuela Merelli, Marco Pettini, Stefano Maestri, School of Science and Technology [Camerino], Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), CPT - E7 Systèmes dynamiques : théories et applications, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: In silico biology, Chemistry, Long-range intermolecular forces, Agent-based modelling and simulation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Science, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Article, Computational biophysics, Glycolysis enzyme activities, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Medicine
Abstract: Agent-based modelling and simulation have been effectively applied to the study of complex biological systems, especially when composed by a large number of interacting entities. Representing biomolecules as autonomous agents allows this approach to bring out the global behaviour of biochemical processes as resulting from local molecular interactions. In this paper, we leverage the capabilities of the agent paradigm to construct an in silico replica of the glycolytic pathway of baker’s yeasts; the aim is to detect the role that long-range electrodynamic forces might have on the rate of glucose oxidation. Experimental evidences have shown that random encounters and short-range potentials might not be sufficient to explain the high efficiency of biochemical reactions in living cells. However, while the latest in vitro studies are limited by the present-day technology, agent-based simulations provide an in silico support to the outcomes hitherto obtained and shed light on behaviours not yet well understood. Our results reveal to be able to grasp properties hard to uncover through other computational methods, such as the effect of electromagnetic potentials on glycolytic oscillations.
Published: 2022

24. Insights into tropical cloud chemistry in Réunion (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author: P. A. Dominutti, P. Renard, M. Vaïtilingom, A. Bianco, J.-L. Baray, A. Borbon, T. Bourianne, F. Burnet, A. Colomb, A.-M. Delort, V. Duflot, S. Houdier, J.-L. Jaffrezo, M. Joly, M. Leremboure, J.-M. Metzger, J.-M. Pichon, M. Ribeiro, M. Rocco, P. Tulet, A. Vella, M. Leriche, L. Deguillaume, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), University of York [York, UK], Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ANR-17-MPGA-0013,MOBIDIC,Modeling biologically-driven processes in clouds(2017)
Subjects: Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Physics, QC1-999, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, QD1-999, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: We present here the results obtained during an intensive field campaign conducted in the framework of the French “BIO-MAÏDO” (Bio-physico-chemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols' formation) project. This study integrates an exhaustive chemical and microphysical characterization of cloud water obtained in March–April 2019 in Réunion (Indian Ocean). Fourteen cloud samples have been collected along the slope of this mountainous island. Comprehensive chemical characterization of these samples is performed, including inorganic ions, metals, oxidants, and organic matter (organic acids, sugars, amino acids, carbonyls, and low-solubility volatile organic compounds, VOCs). Cloud water presents high molecular complexity with elevated water-soluble organic matter content partly modulated by microphysical cloud properties. As expected, our findings show the presence of compounds of marine origin in cloud water samples (e.g. chloride, sodium) demonstrating ocean–cloud exchanges. Indeed, Na+ and Cl− dominate the inorganic composition contributing to 30 % and 27 %, respectively, to the average total ion content. The strong correlations between these species (r2 = 0.87, p value: < 0.0001) suggest similar air mass origins. However, the average molar Cl-/Na+ ratio (0.85) is lower than the sea-salt one, reflecting a chloride depletion possibly associated with strong acids such as HNO3 and H2SO4. Additionally, the non-sea-salt fraction of sulfate varies between 38 % and 91 %, indicating the presence of other sources. Also, the presence of amino acids and for the first time in cloud waters of sugars clearly indicates that biological activities contribute to the cloud water chemical composition. A significant variability between events is observed in the dissolved organic content (25.5 ± 18.4 mg C L−1), with levels reaching up to 62 mg C L−1. This variability was not similar for all the measured compounds, suggesting the presence of dissimilar emission sources or production mechanisms. For that, a statistical analysis is performed based on back-trajectory calculations using the CAT (Computing Atmospheric Trajectory Tool) model associated with the land cover registry. These investigations reveal that air mass origins and microphysical variables do not fully explain the variability observed in cloud chemical composition, highlighting the complexity of emission sources, multiphasic transfer, and chemical processing in clouds. Even though a minor contribution of VOCs (oxygenated and low-solubility VOCs) to the total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (0.62 % and 0.06 %, respectively) has been observed, significant levels of biogenic VOC (20 to 180 nmol L−1) were detected in the aqueous phase, indicating the cloud-terrestrial vegetation exchange. Cloud scavenging of VOCs is assessed by measurements obtained in both the gas and aqueous phases and deduced experimental gas-/aqueous-phase partitioning was compared with Henry's law equilibrium to evaluate potential supersaturation or unsaturation conditions. The evaluation reveals the supersaturation of low-solubility VOCs from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Our results depict even higher supersaturation of terpenoids, evidencing a deviation from thermodynamically expected partitioning in the aqueous-phase chemistry in this highly impacted tropical area.
Published: 2022

25. Modeled and observed properties related to the direct aerosol radiative effect of biomass burning aerosol over the southeastern Atlantic

Author: S. J. Doherty, P. E. Saide, P. Zuidema, Y. Shinozuka, G. A. Ferrada, H. Gordon, M. Mallet, K. Meyer, D. Painemal, S. G. Howell, S. Freitag, A. Dobracki, J. R. Podolske, S. P. Burton, R. A. Ferrare, C. Howes, P. Nabat, G. R. Carmichael, A. da Silva, K. Pistone, I. Chang, L. Gao, R. Wood, J. Redemann, Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Échelle et Climat (GMGEC), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Physics, QC1-999, QD1-999
Abstract: Biomass burning smoke is advected over the southeastern Atlantic Ocean between July and October of each year. This smoke plume overlies and mixes into a region of persistent low marine clouds. Model calculations of climate forcing by this plume vary significantly in both magnitude and sign. NASA EVS-2 (Earth Venture Suborbital-2) ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) had deployments for field campaigns off the west coast of Africa in 3 consecutive years (September 2016, August 2017, and October 2018) with the goal of better characterizing this plume as a function of the monthly evolution by measuring the parameters necessary to calculate the direct aerosol radiative effect. Here, this dataset and satellite retrievals of cloud properties are used to test the representation of the smoke plume and the underlying cloud layer in two regional models (WRF-CAM5 and CNRM-ALADIN) and two global models (GEOS and UM-UKCA). The focus is on the comparisons of those aerosol and cloud properties that are the primary determinants of the direct aerosol radiative effect and on the vertical distribution of the plume and its properties. The representativeness of the observations to monthly averages are tested for each field campaign, with the sampled mean aerosol light extinction generally found to be within 20 % of the monthly mean at plume altitudes. When compared to the observations, in all models, the simulated plume is too vertically diffuse and has smaller vertical gradients, and in two of the models (GEOS and UM-UKCA), the plume core is displaced lower than in the observations. Plume carbon monoxide, black carbon, and organic aerosol masses indicate underestimates in modeled plume concentrations, leading, in general, to underestimates in mid-visible aerosol extinction and optical depth. Biases in mid-visible single scatter albedo are both positive and negative across the models. Observed vertical gradients in single scatter albedo are not captured by the models, but the models do capture the coarse temporal evolution, correctly simulating higher values in October (2018) than in August (2017) and September (2016). Uncertainties in the measured absorption Ångstrom exponent were large but propagate into a negligible (<4 %) uncertainty in integrated solar absorption by the aerosol and, therefore, in the aerosol direct radiative effect. Model biases in cloud fraction, and, therefore, the scene albedo below the plume, vary significantly across the four models. The optical thickness of clouds is, on average, well simulated in the WRF-CAM5 and ALADIN models in the stratocumulus region and is underestimated in the GEOS model; UM-UKCA simulates cloud optical thickness that is significantly too high. Overall, the study demonstrates the utility of repeated, semi-random sampling across multiple years that can give insights into model biases and how these biases affect modeled climate forcing. The combined impact of these aerosol and cloud biases on the direct aerosol radiative effect (DARE) is estimated using a first-order approximation for a subset of five comparison grid boxes. A significant finding is that the observed grid box average aerosol and cloud properties yield a positive (warming) aerosol direct radiative effect for all five grid boxes, whereas DARE using the grid-box-averaged modeled properties ranges from much larger positive values to small, negative values. It is shown quantitatively how model biases can offset each other, so that model improvements that reduce biases in only one property (e.g., single scatter albedo but not cloud fraction) would lead to even greater biases in DARE. Across the models, biases in aerosol extinction and in cloud fraction and optical depth contribute the largest biases in DARE, with aerosol single scatter albedo also making a significant contribution.
Published: 2022

26. Structurally characterised new twisted conformer for cyclen, controlled by metal ion complexation as seen in NiII and CuII complexes with halides and pseudohalides

Author: Jean-Pascal Sutter, Sakharam B. Tayade, Nattamai Bhuvanesh, Avinash S. Kumbhar, Abhineet Verma, Kateryna Bretosh, Joseph H. Reibenspies, Sailaja S. Sunkari, Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Texas A&M University [Galveston], Savitribai Phule Pune University [India], Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DST, New Delhi, India (Project code : DST/YSS/2015/000993), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Metal ions in aqueous solution, General Chemistry, Dihedral angle, 010402 general chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Cyclen, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Antiferromagnetism, Molecule, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, General Materials Science, Counterion, Conformational isomerism
Abstract: International audience; Serendipitous self-assembly is a potential approach for achieving structurally versatile and unexpected solids with chosen metal–ligand combinations. Cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) is an interesting flexible molecule, well explored for biological and material applications of its metal complexes. The dihedral angle (θ) between four nitrogen atoms of free cyclen is close to 0°. Still, it may vary upon complexation, allowing flexibility to adopt any two conformers, viz., (i) planar and (ii) twisted. The present work establishes the crucial role of metal ions in controlling the conformation adopted by cyclen through metal complexation. SCXRD studies of the complexes of cyclen with CuII and NiII with halides and pseudohalides as counterions reveal the existence of a planar conformation (θ = ∼0–3°) for cyclen in CuII systems and a highly twisted conformation (hitherto unreported) in NiII systems (θ = ∼52–55°). Further, SQUID magnetic studies for the dimeric [Ni1] complex reveal antiferromagnetic interactions between the two Ni centres.
Published: 2022

27. Pyrrovobasine, hybrid alkylated pyrraline monoterpene indole alkaloid pseudodimer discovered using a combination of mass spectral and NMR-based machine learning annotations

Author: Pierre Mkounga, Jean-François Gallard, Véronique Fontaine, Zhiyu Zhou, Karine Leblanc, Jérôme Vanheuverzwijn, Pierre Le Pogam, Somia Rharrabti, Augustin Ephrem Nkengfack, Mehdi A. Beniddir, Franck Meyer, Alain Meli Lannang, Erwan Poupon, Hugues Fouotsa, UniversitÃ© de YaoundÃ© I - UY1 (CAMEROON), Biomolécules : Conception, Isolement, Synthèse (BioCIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Faculté de Pharmacie [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: Tryptamine, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Alkylation, Stereochemistry, Monoterpene, MESH: Voacanga, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Indole Alkaloids, Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Norleucine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, MESH: Norleucine, Pyrroles, Voacanga, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Alkylation, MESH: Mass Spectrometry, Indole test, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Machine Learning, Indole alkaloid, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Absolute configuration, Small molecule, 0104 chemical sciences, MESH: Indole Alkaloids, MESH: Pyrroles, Monoterpenes, MESH: Monoterpenes, Chirality (chemistry), Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract: A new vobasine–tryptamine-based monoterpene indole alkaloid pseudodimer was isolated from the stem bark of Voacanga africana. As a minor constituent occurring in a thoroughly investigated plant, this molecule was targeted based on a molecular networking strategy and a rational MS2-guided phytochemical investigation led to its isolation. Its structure was formally established based on HRMS, 1D/2D NMR data, and the application of the tool Small Molecule Accurate Recognition Technology (SMART 2.0). Its absolute configuration was assigned by the exciton chirality method and TD-DFT ECD calculations. Besides featuring an unprecedented intermonomeric linkage in the small group of vobasine/tryptamine hybrids, pyrrovobasine also represents the first pyrraline-containing representative in the whole monoterpene indole alkaloids group. Biosynthetic hypotheses possibly underpinning these structural oddities are proposed here.
Published: 2022

28. Tungsten (VI) speciation in hydrothermal solutions up to 400°C as revealed by in-situ Raman spectroscopy

Author: Elena F. Bazarkina, Marie-Camille Caumon, Laurent Truche, Michel Cathelineau, Eleonora Carocci, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), ANR-14-EMIN-0001,NewOreS,Development of New models for the genesis of Rare Metal (W, Nb, Ta, Li) Ore deposits from the European Variscan Belt and valorization of low grade and fine grained ore and mine tailings(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, Ore deposits, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Polytungstates, Tungsten, 01 natural sciences, Chloride, Hydrothermal circulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Geochemistry and Petrology, Fused silica glass capillary technique, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 010503 geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, 010401 analytical chemistry, Polymer, 0104 chemical sciences, Tungsten polymers, chemistry, Polymerization, 13. Climate action, symbols, Carbonate, Chemical stability, Raman spectroscopy, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Tungsten (VI) speciation in hydrothermal solutions is investigated through in-situ Raman spectroscopy coupled with the fused silica glass capillary technique at temperatures up to 400 °C. The effect of temperature, pH, chlorinity and carbonate speciation are evaluated. At all investigated temperatures, the tungstate ion WO4 2-(927 cm-1) is the only W species in solution at pH > 10. At a given pH, the presence of dissolved carbonates and chloride does not affect the tungsten speciation. Tungsten polymers remain stable up to 400 °C under acidic to circum-neutral pH conditions and total tungsten concentration above 0.01 mol kgH2O-1. Among the three observed polymers, namely [W7O24] 6-(paratungstate-A, ~ 960 cm-1), [W10O32] 4-(tungstate-Y, ~ 970 cm-1), and α-[H2W12O40] 6-(α-metatungstate, ~ 990 cm-1), only the hepta-and dodeca-tungstate are stable at elevated temperature. Combined with revised literature data, these results allow the thermodynamic stability constants of these W polymers to be constrained, enabling quantitative predictions of their relative abundance at temperatures up to 300 °C. These predictions suggest that W polymerization occurs under hydrothermal conditions even at low W concentration (down to 10-5 mol•kgH2O-1) under acidic conditions. These observations imply that the currently available geochemical models on W transport and deposition in deep and hot geological fluids need to be revised.
Published: 2022

29. Very intense polarized emission in self-assembled room temperature metallomesogens based on Zn(<scp>ii</scp>) coordination complexes: an experimental and computational study

Author: Elisabeta I. Szerb, Emilie Voirin, Otilia Costisor, Bertrand Donnio, Mario Amati, Benoît Heinrich, Massimo La Deda, Valentin Badea, Angela Candreva, Giuseppe Di Maio, Evelyn Popa, Adelina A. Andelescu, Donnio, Bertrand, Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Romanian Academy, Politehnica University of Timisoara (UPT), and Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS)
Subjects: [CHIM.INOR] Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Quenching (fluorescence), Materials science, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Transition dipole moment, Quantum yield, Mesophase, General Chemistry, Time-dependent density functional theory, [CHIM.COOR] Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Excited state, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Materials Chemistry, Molecule, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, [CHIM.CRIS] Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Terpyridine
Abstract: International audience; Three room-temperature metallomesogens based on Zn(II) cations pentacoordinated by different chelating N^N^N terpyridines and two monodentate gallate co-ligands were designed and synthesized. Depending on the terpyridine ligand's tip functionality, the complexes self-assemble into either a 3D hexagonal mesophase or into a columnar hexagonal mesophase. A systematic study between the structure (molecular architecture, arrangement of the molecules and columns, and chains in both types of mesophases) and photophysical properties (emission maxima and yields, lifetimes of the excited states in the mesophase), correlated with investigations of single molecules in solution, was conducted. Remarkably, one complex exhibited a record quantum yield of 95.0% in solution, while in the mesophase, despite quenching due to the radiative deactivation from the ILCT state, still retained a considerable emission yield of ϕ = 20.2%. The polarized emission of an oriented film, determined for the first time in columnar metallomesogens, shows a dichroic emission ratio (I||/I⊥) of 1.30. DFT and TDDFT computational studies confirmed the origin of the observed fluorescence anisotropy from the transition dipole moment oriented along the C2 symmetry axis of the molecule combined with a high level of order in the 3D mesophase.
Published: 2022

30. Controlling the interfacial reactions and environment of rare-earth ions in thin oxide films towards wafer-scalable quantum technologies

Author: Philippe Goldner, Christophe Labbé, Alexandre Tallaire, Philippe Marcus, Alban Ferrier, Nao Harada, Antoine Seyeux, Diana Serrano, Xavier Portier, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Nanomatériaux, Ions et Métamatériaux pour la Photonique (NIMPH), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, rare earth, thin film, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Laser linewidth, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Wafer, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Thin film, 010306 general physics, quantum technologies, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, square, Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Rare earth (RE) doped oxides have demonstrated great potential for photonic applications and have also appeared as promising candidates for quantum memory devices and microwave to optical transducers. Here, we investigate the potential of Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) europium-doped Y2O3thin films on silicon as a new platform for integrated quantum devices. We aim at improving the optical properties of such thin films by carefully controlling the RE ion's environment. In particular, we study the effect of annealing post treatments and demonstrate that a significant source of broadening of the optical transition arises from interfacial reactions with the silicon substrate. We thus propose to encapsulate RE ions between undoped high-quality thick layers in order to limit the impact of interfacial reactions on their properties during thermal annealing. Using this approach, we succeeded in measuring a narrow inhomogeneous linewidth of 18 GHz and an ultra-narrow homogeneous linewidth of 5 MHz inferred from spectral hole width. These results are promising towards the use of these engineered RE doped thin films for the development of a scalable nanostructured spin-photon interface. In addition, our strategy could be applied to a large variety of oxide films for a broad range of applications. Paper published in Materials Advances.
Published: 2022

31. Meisosomes, folded membrane platforms, link the epidermis to the cuticle in C. elegans

Author: Dina Aggad, Nicolas Brouilly, Shizue Omi, Clara L. Essmann, Benoit Dehapiot, Cathy Savage-Dunn, Fabrice Richard, Chantal Cazevieille, Kristin A. Politi, David H. Hall, Remy Pujol, Nathalie Pujol, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Turing Centre for Living Systems [Marseille] (TCLS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer science [University College of London] (UCL-CS), University College of London [London] (UCL), College of Staten Island [CUNY] (CSI CUNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York], ANR-22-CE13-0037,SensoSkin,Comment la peau perçoit-elle les blessures?(2022), ANR-16-CONV-0001,CENTURI,CenTuri : Centre Turing des Systèmes vivants(2016), ANR-16-CE15-0001,ELEGINN,Analyse intégrée de l'immunité innée antifongique chez C. elegans(2016), ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Neurobiologie de l'audition-plasticité synaptique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011)
Subjects: Epidermis (zoology), Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Extracellular, Integrated stress response, Cytoskeleton, Moulting, Process (anatomy), Cuticle (hair), Cell biology
Abstract: Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) form a physical barrier to the environment. InC. elegans, the epidermal aECM, the cuticle, is composed mainly of different types of collagen, associated in circumferential ridges separated by furrows. Here, we show that in mutants lacking furrows, the normal intimate connection between the epidermis and the cuticle is lost, specifically at the lateral epidermis, where, in contrast to the dorsal and ventral epidermis, there are no hemidesmosomes. At the ultrastructural level, there is a profound alteration of structures that we term “meisosomes”, in reference to eisosomes in yeast. We show that meisosomes are composed of stacked parallel folds of the epidermal plasma membrane, alternately filled with cuticle. We propose that just as hemidesmosomes connect the dorsal and ventral epidermis, above the muscles, to the cuticle, meisosomes connect the lateral epidermis to it. Moreover, furrow mutants present marked modifications of the biomechanical properties of their skin and exhibit a constitutive damage response in the epidermis. As meisosomes co-localise to macrodomains enriched in phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, they might act, like eisosomes, as signalling platforms, to relay tensile information from the aECM to the underlying epidermis, as part of an integrated stress response to damage.
Published: 2023

32. Host miRNAs as biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection : a critical review

Author: Kato Pollet, Nathalie Garnier, Sabine Szunerits, Annemieke Madder, Didier Hober, Ilka Engelmann, Pathogenèse virale du diabète de type 1 - ULR 3610 (Laboratoire de Virologie), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), NanoBioInterfaces - IEMN (NBI - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and This research was supported by I-SITE ULNE, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille and Université de Lille. Ecole Doctorale Biologie-Santé for a PhDfellowship.
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Chemistry, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Medicine and Health Sciences
Abstract: International audience; MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have received increasing attention as potential biomarkers of different diseases, including viral infections. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the disease it is causing, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected health, society and life worldwide since its pandemic spread. Differential expression of miRNAs in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls and also between different severity grades of COVID-19 has been described in several recent studies. In this review, we discuss in detail studies that investigated miRNA expression in body fluids of COVID-19 patients. Several studies found a different miRNA expression profile in COVID-19 patients compared to controls but also in different severity grades of the disease. We compared the main findings of the studies in order to identify miRNAs that have been identified as differentially expressed by more than one study and could serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of COVID-19. Finally, we highlight the challenges and perspectives associated to the use of miRNAs as biomarkers of COVID-19.
Published: 2023

33. Mercury in the free troposphere and bidirectional atmosphere-vegetation exchanges - insights from Maido mountain observatory in the Southern Hemisphere tropics

Author: Koenig, Alkuin M., Magand, Olivier, Verreyken, Bert, Brioude, Jerome, Amelynck, Crist, Schoon, Niels, Colomb, Aurélie, Ferreira Araujo, Beatriz, Ramonet, Michel, Sha, Mahesh K., Cammas, Jean-Pierre, Sonke, Jeroen E., Dommergue, Aurélien, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY, REDOX, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], CHEMISTRY, IN-SITU, DE-LA-FOURNAISE, SUBTROPICAL FORESTS, BOUNDARY-LAYER, ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION, REUNION-ISLAND, PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL, HIGH-RESOLUTION
Abstract: Atmospheric mercury (Hg) observations in the lower free troposphere (LFT) can give important insights into Hg redox chemistry and can help constrain Hg background concentrations on a regional level. Relatively continuous sampling of LFT air, inaccessible to most ground-based stations, can be achieved at high-altitude observatories. However, such high-altitude observatories are rare, especially in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and atmospheric Hg in the SH LFT is unconstrained. To fill this gap, we continuously measured gaseous elemental mercury (GEM; hourly) and reactive mercury (RM; integrated over ∼ 6–14 d) for 9 months at Maïdo mountain observatory (2160 m a.s.l.) on remote Réunion Island (21.1∘ S, 55.5∘ E) in the tropical Indian Ocean. GEM exhibits a marked diurnal variation characterized by a midday peak (mean: 0.95 ng m−3; SD: 0.08 ng m−3) and a nighttime low (mean: 0.78 ng m−3; SD: 0.11 ng m−3). We find that this diurnal variation is likely driven by the interplay of important GEM photo-reemission from the islands' vegetated surfaces (i.e. vegetation + soil) during daylight hours (8–22 ng m−2 h−1), boundary layer influences during the day, and predominant LFT influences at night. We estimate GEM in the LFT based on nighttime observations in particularly dry air masses and find a notable seasonal variation, with LFT GEM being lowest from December to March (mean 0.66 ng m−3; SD: 0.07 ng m−3) and highest from September to November (mean: 0.79 ng m−3; SD: 0.09 ng m−3). Such a clear GEM seasonality contrasts with the weak seasonal variation reported for the SH marine boundary layer but is in line with modeling results, highlighting the added value of continuous Hg observations in the LFT. Maïdo RM is 10.6 pg m−3 (SD: 5.9 pg m−3) on average, but RM in the cloud-free LFT might be about twice as high, as weekly–biweekly sampled RM observations are likely diluted by low-RM contributions from the boundary layer and clouds.
Published: 2023

34. Stereoselective formation of bismuth complexes by transmetalation of lead with adaptable overhanging carboxylic acid 5,10-strapped porphyrins

Author: Thierry Roisnel, Stéphane Le Gac, Bernard Boitrel, Wael Barakat, Ismail Hijazi, Vincent Dorcet, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Région Bretagne is acknowledged for financial support to WB., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Steric effects, chemistry.chemical_classification, Transmetalation, Porphyrins, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, Metalation, Carboxylic acid, Supramolecular chemistry, Building and Construction, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Porphyrin, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lead, chemistry, Coordination, Polymer chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Stereoselectivity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bismuth
Abstract: International audience; Out-of-plane deformations of metalloporphyrin skeletons have been well documented as playing important roles in relevant biological processes. In contrast, out-of-plane binding to the N-core of large metal cations as period 6 post-transition elements has remained poorly investigated. We describe herein monometallic complexes of Pb(II) and Bi(III) with 5,10 single strapped porphyrin ligands bearing a carboxylic acid group with two possible “in/out” orientations, in which the metal ions are bound to the N-core of the macrocycle either from the strap side or from the naked side. In the case of Pb(II), both the kinetics of insertion and resulting OOP stereoselectivity are influenced by the “in/out” stereoisomerism of the overhanging COOH. Remarkably, Bi(III) insertion proceeded quasi-instantaneously at RT owing to the transmetalation of its Pb(II) counterpart. The addition of a cyano group in position of the carboxylic acid group generates a ligand exhibiting an increased stereoselectivity in the metalation processes with Pb(II) and Bi(III): these cations are coordinated exclusively from the naked and strap side of the macrocycle, respectively. This difference in behavior is likely explained by steric hindrance for the divalent cation, which is counterbalanced by the establishment of the second sphere of coordination with the strap for the trivalent cation. Such a behavior is thought of interest for the further design of adaptable supramolecular coordination assemblies.
Published: 2021

35. Synthesis of Heterospirocycles through Gold‐(I) Catalysis: Useful Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry

Author: Kossi Efouako Soklou, Hamid Marzag, Karen Plé, Sylvain Routier, Béatrice Vallée, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLE, Karen, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Nitrogen heterocycles, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Diversity, Gold catalysis, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, General Chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Synthetic methods, Organic chemistry, Spiro Compounds
Abstract: International audience; Gold-(I) catalysis was used for the intramolecular cyclization of tertiary alcohols with terminal alkynes to form diverse aza-spirocycles. The reaction was carried out with low catalyst loading under microwave irradiation to give both sulfonylated and acylated spirocyclic nitrogen derivatives. Gram scale spirocyclization was carried out and demonstrates the robustness of the reaction. An intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction was performed to give several tetracyclic spirocycles. Double bond reduction and selective protecting group manipulation gave spiropiperazine and spiromorpholine derivatives. These compounds were incorporated into biologically relevant scaffolds to give the first selective spirocyclic inhibitors of LIMK.
Published: 2021

36. Unlocking the Friedel-Crafts arylation of primary aliphatic alcohols and epoxides driven by hexafluoroisopropanol

Author: Andrei Golushko, Florent Noël, Shaofei Zhang, Marie Vayer, Nazanin Rezajooei, Christopher N. Rowley, Vuk D. Vuković, Joseph Moran, David Lebœuf, Institut de Science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Carleton University, univOAK, Archive ouverte, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN)
Subjects: [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry (medical), [CHIM.CATA] Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Alcohol, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, General Chemistry, Alkylation, [CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electrophile, Materials Chemistry, Nucleophilic substitution, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, SN2 reaction, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Friedel–Crafts reaction
Abstract: International audience; Alcohols and epoxides are arguably ideal electrophiles for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation, since they are widely available, require no pre-activation, and produce no stoichiometric waste beyond water. However, neither primary aliphatic alcohols nor most classes of terminal epoxides are compatible with existing intermolecular Friedel-Crafts methodologies, and sequential Friedel-Crafts reactions starting from epoxides consequently remain underexplored. Here, we report that these limitations are easily overcome using Brønsted acid catalysis in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a solvent. Electron-poor aromatic epoxides and aliphatic epoxides undergo stereospecific arylation to give an alcohol which, depending on the reaction conditions, can partake in a second nucleophilic substitution with a different arene in one pot. Phenyl ethanols react through a phenonium intermediate, whereas simple aliphatic alcohols participate in a rare intermolecular SN2 Friedel-Crafts process, delivering linear products exclusively. This work provides an alternative to metal-catalyzed cross-couplings for accessing important scaffolds, widening the range of applications of the Friedel-Crafts reaction
Published: 2021

37. Constraints on coccolithophores under ocean acidification obtained from boron and carbon geochemical approaches

Author: Sebastian D. Rokitta, Yi-Wei Liu, Robert A. Eagle, Björn Rost, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Carbon utilization, 03 medical and health sciences, Total inorganic carbon, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dissolved organic carbon, Coccolithophores, Pleurochrysis carterae, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Emiliania huxleyi, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, Ocean acidification, Carbon isotopes, biology.organism_classification, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Boron isotopes, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Ocean acidification (OA) appears to have diverse impacts on calcareous coccolithophores, but the cellular processes underlying these responses are not well understood. Here we use stable boron and carbon isotopes, B/Ca ratios, as well as inorganic and organic carbon production rates to investigate the carbon utilization and the internal pH regulation at the site of calcification in Emiliania huxleyi, Calcidiscus leptoporus and Pleurochrysis carterae cultured over a wide pCO2 range (180–1000 μatm). Despite large variability, the geochemistry data indicate species-specific modes of pH control and differences in the utilization of inorganic carbon. Boron isotope data suggest that all three species generally upregulate the pH of the calcification fluid (pHCF) compared to surrounding seawater, which coincides with relatively constant growth rates and cellular ratios of inorganic to organic carbon. Furthermore, species exhibit different strategies in regulating their pHCF, i.e., two species maintain homeostasis (pHCF = ∼8.7), while one species shows a constant offset to the surrounding seawater (ΔpH = ∼0.6 units) over the entire tested pCO2 range. In addition to these different strategies, carbon isotope data suggests that high plasticity in the utilization of dissolved inorganic carbon might be an explanation for species-specific differences in coccolithophore responses to OA.
Published: 2021

38. Enhancement of microbial fuel cell efficiency by incorporation of graphene oxide and functionalized graphene oxide in sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane

Author: Anthony Szymczyk, Mehri Shabani, Ahmad Rahimpour, Maxime Pontié, Hanxiao Guo, Mostafa Rahimnejad, Habibollah Younesi, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], ESAIP, Université d'Angers (UA), Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Iran National Science Foundation, INSF: 97014305, IG-39804, Campus France, Tarbiat Modares University, TMU, Universite Angers, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbial fuel cell, Materials science, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Functionalized GO, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electricity generation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Graphene, Proton exchange membranes, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polyelectrolyte, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Selectivity, Faraday efficiency
Abstract: International audience; The present work examines, for the first time, the use of thiolated graphene oxide (TGO), in polyelectrolyte composite membranes as an effective approach to enhance the MFC performance. A new composite membrane based on a sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) hybrid with GO, sulfonated GO (SGO), and TGO was fabricated and assessed in MFC. The blend membranes were characterized with various techniques. The sulfhydryl (-SH) and sulfonic (-SO3H) groups enhanced the proton selectivity of the membrane and MFC performance. The MFC using the SPES/SGO1.8% composite membrane generated a power density of 66.4 mW/m2 which was double that produced by MFC using Nafion117 membrane in batch mode which lasted for 8 days. The SPES/SGO membrane was more selective towards H+ rather than other cations (K+, Na+, and Li+). This was also confirmed by the results of proton conductivity analysis, as the SPES/SGO1.8% membranes showed a value of 1.42 mS/cm which was higher than Nafion117 (1.3 mS/cm), SPES/TGO1.8% (1.25 mS/cm), SPES/GO1.8% (0.56 mS/cm), and SPES (0.32 mS/cm). The higher COD removal and coulombic efficiency were obtained in MFC with SPES/SGO membranes. In conclusion, it is our view that the new SPES/SGO and SPES/TGO membranes can be applied favorably in dual-chamber MFCs meeting their needs. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2021

39. Accuracy mechanism of eukaryotic ribosome translocation

Author: Marat Yusupov, A. Rozov, Lasse Jenner, Gulnara Yusupova, Muminjon Djumagulov, N. Demeshkina, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), Yusupova, Gulnara, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ribosome, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Peptide Elongation Factor 2, RNA, Transfer, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Anticodon, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, RNA, Messenger, Codon, X-ray crystallography, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Diphthamide, Eukaryota, Translation (biology), Genetic code, Cell biology, Elongation factor, Protein Biosynthesis, Transfer RNA, Eukaryotic Ribosome, Ribosomes, Wybutosine
Abstract: Translation of the genetic code into proteins is realized through repetitions of synchronous translocation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNA) through the ribosome. In eukaryotes translocation is ensured by elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which catalyses the process and actively contributes to its accuracy1. Although numerous studies point to critical roles for both the conserved eukaryotic posttranslational modification diphthamide in eEF2 and tRNA modifications in supporting the accuracy of translocation, detailed molecular mechanisms describing their specific functions are poorly understood. Here we report a high-resolution X-ray structure of the eukaryotic 80S ribosome in a translocation-intermediate state containing mRNA, naturally modified eEF2 and tRNAs. The crystal structure reveals a network of stabilization of codon–anticodon interactions involving diphthamide1 and the hypermodified nucleoside wybutosine at position 37 of phenylalanine tRNA, which is also known to enhance translation accuracy2. The model demonstrates how the decoding centre releases a codon–anticodon duplex, allowing its movement on the ribosome, and emphasizes the function of eEF2 as a ‘pawl’ defining the directionality of translocation3. This model suggests how eukaryote-specific elements of the 80S ribosome, eEF2 and tRNAs undergo large-scale molecular reorganizations to ensure maintenance of the mRNA reading frame during the complex process of translocation., Structural analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80S ribosome trapped in an intermediate translocation state shows stabilization of codon–anticodon interactions by eukaryote-specific elements of the 80S ribosome, eEF2 and tRNA and demonstrates a major role for eEF2 in maintaining the directionality of translocation.
Published: 2021

40. CD4 and CD8 co-receptors modulate functional avidity of CD1b-restricted T cells

Author: Charlotte A. James, Yuexin Xu, Melissa S. Aguilar, Lichen Jing, Erik D. Layton, Martine Gilleron, Adriaan J. Minnaard, Thomas J. Scriba, Cheryl L. Day, Edus H. Warren, David M. Koelle, Chetan Seshadri, Chemical Biology 2, Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cape Town, University of Washington [Seattle], Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] (FHCRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Groningen [Groningen], Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Benaroya Research Institute [Seattle] (BRI), and Tuberculosis Research and Training Center
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, CD3 Complex, Science, Primary Cell Culture, CD1, T cells, General Physics and Astronomy, Gene Expression, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Major histocompatibility complex, Lymphocyte Activation, Jurkat cells, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Antigens, CD1, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, 0302 clinical medicine, Transduction, Genetic, Cytotoxic T cell, Humans, Tuberculosis, Avidity, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Chemistry, T-cell receptor, General Chemistry, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Molecular biology, Cellular immunity, 3. Good health, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, biology.protein, Sample collection, Glycolipids, Protein Multimerization, MHC, CD8, 030215 immunology, Protein Binding
Abstract: T cells recognize mycobacterial glycolipid (mycolipid) antigens presented by CD1b molecules, but the role of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors in mycolipid recognition is unknown. Here we show CD1b-mycolipid tetramers reveal a hierarchy in which circulating T cells expressing CD4 or CD8 co-receptor stain with a higher tetramer mean fluorescence intensity than CD4-CD8- T cells. CD4+ primary T cells transduced with mycolipid-specific T cell receptors bind CD1b-mycolipid tetramer with a higher fluorescence intensity than CD8+ primary T cells. The presence of either CD4 or CD8 also decreases the threshold for interferon-γ secretion. Co-receptor expression increases surface expression of CD3ε, suggesting a mechanism for increased tetramer binding and activation. Targeted transcriptional profiling of mycolipid-specific T cells from individuals with active tuberculosis reveals canonical markers associated with cytotoxicity among CD8+ compared to CD4+ T cells. Thus, expression of co-receptors modulates T cell receptor avidity for mycobacterial lipids, leading to in vivo functional diversity during tuberculosis disease., CD4 and CD8 co-receptors are routinely used to define distinct functional and phenotypic lineages of T cells. Here the authors show CD4 and CD8 also modulate the functional avidity of the CD1b-restricted response to mycobacterial lipid antigens
Published: 2022

41. Serum Albumin Antifouling Effects of Hydroxypropyl‐Cellulose and Pluronic F127 Adsorbed on Isobutyramide‐Grafted Stellate Silica Nanoparticles

Author: Alexandre Adam, Sylvie Begin-Colin, Damien Mertz, Joëlle Bizeau, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mertz, Damien
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, biology, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Serum albumin, Nanoparticle, Protein Corona, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Poloxamer, Isobutyramide, Inorganic Chemistry, Biofouling, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, biology.protein, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Limiting the serum protein fouling is a major challenge in the design of nanoparticles (NPs) for nanomedicine applications. Suitable chemical surface modification strategies allow to limit the interactions with adsorbing proteins. In this communication, we address the potential of isobutyramide (IBAM) groups grafted on stellate silica nanoparticles (STMS) for the immobilization of two biocompatible polymers renown for biomedical and low fouling applications: Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and Pluronic F127 (PF127). We report that both polymers can be loaded on STMS@IBAM NPs surface with a maximum loading content close to 10 wt %. Regarding their antifouling properties, we report that the coatings of such HPC or PF127 polymers allow to reduce significantly the human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption in average by 70 % as compared to the surface of the free polymer STMS@IBAM. These results highlight the antifouling potential of these polymer pretreatments on IBAM-modified STMS NPs surface.
Published: 2021

42. Highly Structured 3D Electrospun Conical Scaffold: A Tool for Dental Pulp Regeneration

Author: Anne Hébraud, Gwenaël Rolin, Florent Meyer, Lisa Terranova, C. Meyer, Guy Schlatter, A. Louvrier, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie (BB), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon (Inserm CIC 1431), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), and univOAK, Archive ouverte
Subjects: Scaffold, food.ingredient, Biocompatibility, Root canal, Biomedical Engineering, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Gelatin, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, food, stomatognathic system, Tissue engineering, Dental pulp stem cells, medicine, Humans, Regeneration, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Dental Pulp, electrospinning, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Tissue Scaffolds, tissue engineering, Chemistry, Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, 030206 dentistry, dental pulp stem cells, stomatognathic diseases, Membrane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nanofiber, dental pulp regeneration, cell homing, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: New procedures envisioned for dental pulp regeneration after pulpectomy include cell homing strategy. It involves host endogenous stem cell recruitment and activation. To meet this cell-free approach, we need to design a relevant scaffold to support cell migration from tissues surrounding the dental root canal. A composite membrane made of electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers and electrosprayed polycaprolactone with tannic acid (TA) microparticles which mimics the architecture of the extracellular matrix was first fabricated. After rolling the membrane in the form of a 3D conical scaffold and subsequently coating it with gelatin, it can be directly inserted into the root canal. The porous morphology of the construct was characterized by SEM at different length scales. It was shown that TA was released from the 3D conical scaffold after 2 days in PBS at 37 °C. Biocompatibility studies were first assessed by seeding human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on planar membranes coated or not coated with gelatin to compare the surfaces. After 24 h, the results highlighted that the gelatin-coating increased the membrane biocompatibility and cell viability. Similar DPSC morphology and proliferation on both membrane surfaces were observed. The culture of DPSCs on conical scaffolds showed cell colonization in the whole cone volume, proving that the architecture of the conical scaffold was suitable for cell migration. Keywords: cell homing; dental pulp regeneration; dental pulp stem cells; electrospinning; tissue engineering.
Published: 2021

43. The Role of (tBuPOCOP)Ir(I) and Iridium(III) Pincer Complexes in the Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Silyl Triflates into Hydrosilanes

Author: Gabriel Durin, Thibault Cantat, Emmanuel Nicolas, Pierre Thuéry, Jean-Claude Berthet, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et de Catalyse pour l'Energie (ex LCCEF) (LCMCE), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), For financial support of this work, we acknowledge CEA, CNRS, the University Paris-Saclay, CINES (HPC Computing time on Occigen, grant no. A0080806494)., European Project: ERC CoG n°818260 ,ReNewHydrides, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), CINES (HPC Computing time on Occigen, grant no.A0100806494, and Fondation Louis D.−Institut de France
Subjects: Silylation, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal structure, Iridium, Hydrosilanes, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, POCOP, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrogenolysis, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Reduction, 010405 organic chemistry, Hydride, Organic Chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Pincer movement, Pincer Complexes, chemistry, Silyl Triflates
Abstract: International audience; Hydrosilanes are convenient reductants for a large variety of organic substrates, but they are produced via energy-intensive processes. These limitations call for the development of general catalytic processes able to transform Si–O into Si–H bonds. We report here the catalytic hydrogenolysis of R$_3$SiOTf (R = Me, Et, and Ph) species in the presence of a base (e.g., NEt$_3$), by the hydride complexes [($^{tBu}$POCOP)IrH(X)] (X = H and OTf; ($^{tBu}$POCOP = [1,3-C$_6$H$_3$)(OPtBu)$_2$]). Syntheses and crystal structures of new iridium(I) and iridium(III) complexes are presented as well as their role in the R$_3$SiOTf to R$_3$SiH transformation. The mechanisms of these reactions have been examined by DFT studies, revealing that the active species involved in the reduction of the Si–OTf vs Si–Cl bond are different. The rate-determining transition state is a base-assisted splitting of H$_2$, forming an iridium(III) dihydride species.
Published: 2021

44. Digestibility and oxidative stability of plant lipid assemblies: An underexplored source of potentially bioactive surfactants?

Author: Claire Bourlieu, Véronique Vié, Nathalie Barouh, Jeanne Kergomard, Frédéric Carrière, Pierre Villeneuve, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Metal chelating activity, Antioxidant, polar lipids, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Digestibilité, medicine.medical_treatment, Composition des aliments, analyse des produits alimentaires, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Stabilité oxydative, surfactants, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, Hydrolysis, Surfactant, medicine, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires, Propriété physicochimique, digestive lipolysisantioxidants, 030304 developmental biology, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Lipide, food and beverages, Galactolipids, Q01 - Sciences et technologies alimentaires - Considérations générales, General Medicine, bioactive properties [EN], Plant membrane, Chloroplast, Membrane, Biochemistry, chemistry, Composition (visual arts), [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: International audience; Most lipids in our diet come under the form of triacylglycerols that are often redispersed and stabilized by surfactants in processed foods. In plant however, lipid assemblies constitute interesting sources of natural bioactive and functional ingredients. In most photosynthetic sources, polar lipids rich in ω3 fatty acids are concentrated. The objective of this review is to summarize all the knowledge about the physico-chemical composition, digestive behavior and oxidative stability of plant polar lipid assemblies to emphasize their potential as functional ingredients in human diet and their potentialities to substitute artificial surfactants/antioxidants. The specific composition of plant membrane assemblies is detailed, including plasma membranes, oil bodies, and chloroplast; emphasizing its concentration in phospholipids, galactolipids, peculiar proteins, and phenolic compounds. These molecular species are hydrolyzed by specific digestive enzymes in the human gastrointestinal tract and reduced the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and their subsequent absorption. Galactolipids specifically can activate ileal break and intrinsically present an antioxidant (AO) activity and metal chelating activity. In addition, their natural association with phenolic compounds and their physical state (Lα state of digalactosyldiacylglycerols) in membrane assemblies can enhance their stability to oxidation. All these elements make plant membrane molecules and assemblies very promising components with a wide range of potential applications to vectorize ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and equilibrate human diet.
Published: 2021

45. Germanium‐antimony‐selenium‐tellurium thin films: Clusters formation by laser ablation and comparison with clusters from mixtures of elements

Author: Fei Huang, Josef Havel, Virginie Nazabal, Tomáš Halenkovič, Marion Baillieul, Petr Němec, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse Caractérisation Analyse de la Matière (ScanMAT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [1924516S, LM2018103], Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of theCzech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports - Czech Republic [MUNI/A/1390/2020], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Materials science, amorphous chalcogenides, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Antimony, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, clusters, Thin film, mass spectrometry, Laser ablation, magnetron sputtering, Ge-Sb-Se-Te, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, thin films, chemistry, laser ablation, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Tellurium, Selenium
Abstract: International audience; Quaternary germanium-antimony-selenium-tellurium (Ge-Sb-Se-Te) thin films deposited from Ge19.4Sb16.7Se63.9-xTex (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20) glass-ceramics targets by radio frequency magnetron sputtering were studied using laser ablation quadrupole ion trap time of flight mass spectrometry. Binary, ternary, and quaternary GeaSbbSecTed clusters were formed and their stoichiometry was determined. By comparison of the clusters obtained from quaternary Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films and those from ternary Ge-Sb-Te materials, we found that Ge-Te species are not detected from the quaternary system. Furthermore, Ge-Se and Se-Te species are missing in mass spectra generated from Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films. From the Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films, 16 clusters were detected while ternary Ge-Sb-Se glasses yielded 26 species. This might be considered as a signal of higher stability of Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films which is increasing with a higher content of Te. The missing (Se-2(+), GeaSb+ (a = 1-4), and GeSec+ (c = 1, 2)) and new (Ge+ and SbbTe+ (b = 1-3)) clusters may indicate that some of the structural features of the films (Ge2Se6/2 and Se2Sb-SbSe2) were replaced by (GeSe4-x,Te-x and SbSe3-xTex) ones. In addition, when comparing the stoichiometry of clusters formed from Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films with those from the mixtures of the elements, only Sb-3(+) and SbSe+ were observed in both cases. The knowledge gained concerning clusters stoichiometry contributes to the elucidation of the processes proceeding during plasma formation used for the chalcogenide thin films deposition.
Published: 2021

46. Seasonality of the particle number concentration and size distribution: a global analysis retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: C. Rose, M. Collaud Coen, E. Andrews, Y. Lin, I. Bossert, C. Lund Myhre, T. Tuch, A. Wiedensohler, M. Fiebig, P. Aalto, A. Alastuey, E. Alonso-Blanco, M. Andrade, B. Artíñano, T. Arsov, U. Baltensperger, S. Bastian, O. Bath, J. P. Beukes, B. T. Brem, N. Bukowiecki, J. A. Casquero-Vera, S. Conil, K. Eleftheriadis, O. Favez, H. Flentje, M. I. Gini, F. J. Gómez-Moreno, M. Gysel-Beer, A. G. Hallar, I. Kalapov, N. Kalivitis, A. Kasper-Giebl, M. Keywood, J. E. Kim, S.-W. Kim, A. Kristensson, M. Kulmala, H. Lihavainen, N.-H. Lin, H. Lyamani, A. Marinoni, S. Martins Dos Santos, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, F. Meinhardt, M. Merkel, J.-M. Metzger, N. Mihalopoulos, J. Ondracek, M. Pandolfi, N. Pérez, T. Petäjä, J.-E. Petit, D. Picard, J.-M. Pichon, V. Pont, J.-P. Putaud, F. Reisen, K. Sellegri, S. Sharma, G. Schauer, P. Sheridan, J. P. Sherman, A. Schwerin, R. Sohmer, M. Sorribas, J. Sun, P. Tulet, V. Vakkari, P. G. van Zyl, F. Velarde, P. Villani, S. Vratolis, Z. Wagner, S.-H. Wang, K. Weinhold, R. Weller, M. Yela, V. Zdimal, P. Laj, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Environmental Radioactivity Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR 'Demokritos' (NCSR 'Demokritos'), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), University of Utah, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University [Lund], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras Campus (UPR-RP), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, Czech Republic, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Appalachian State University, University of North Carolina System (UNC), Atmospheric Sounding Station 'El Arenosillo', Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, 4S Company, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Helsinki, University of Granada [Granada], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, QC1-999, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, medicine, Cloud condensation nuclei, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, QD1-999, Diel vertical migration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Aerosol, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Climate model, Trollobservatoriet
Abstract: This research was supported by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ACTRIS2 (grant agreement no. 654109)), the University of Helsinki, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the Department of Science and Innovation of South Africa, the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence programme (project no. 272041), the Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic (project no. 269095), the Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic: From Historical Concentrations and Sources to Future Climate Impacts (NABCEA, project no. 296302), the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea" (grant no. KMA2018-00522), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2017R1D1A1B06032548), the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program (grant no. KMI2018-01111), the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, the China Meteorological Administration, the National Scientific Foundation of China (41675129, 41875147), the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (grant no. 2016YFC0203305 and 2018YFC0213204), the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sci-ences (2020KJ001), the Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecasts of MOST and CMA, CNRS-INSU, the French Ministry for Research under the ACTRIS-FR national research infrastructure, the French Ministry of the Environment, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I, grant no. LO1415), ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" (grant no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315), CRISOL (CGL2017-85344-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government Y2018/EMT-5177), AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government P2018/EMT4329), REDMAAS2020 (RED2018-102594-T CIENCIA), Red de Excelencia ACTRIS-ESPANA (CGL2017-90884-REDT), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, FEDER funds (project HOUSE, grant no. CGL2016-78594-R), the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2017 SGR41 and the DGQA), the National Institute for Aerospace Technology, the Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects no. CGL2016-81092-R, CGL2017-90884-REDT, RTI2018-097864-BI00 and PGC2018-098770-B-I00), the Andalusia Regional Government (project no. P18-RT-3820), the PANhellenic infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and climate change (MIS 5021516), Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation (grant no. NSRF 20142020), the Italian Ministry of Research and Education, the Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS, the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Magnus Bergvall foundation, the Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, and the Swedish EPA., Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system which influence climate directly by interacting with solar radiation, and indirectly by contributing to cloud formation. The variety of their sources, as well as the multiple transformations they may undergo during their transport (including wet and dry deposition), result in significant spatial and temporal variability of their properties. Documenting this variability is essential to provide a proper representation of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in climate models. Using measurements conducted in 2016 or 2017 at 62 ground-based stations around the world, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration (N-tot) and number size distribution (PNSD, from 39 sites). A sensitivity study was first performed to assess the impact of data availability on N-tot's annual and seasonal statistics, as well as on the analysis of its diel cycle. Thresholds of 50% and 60% were set at the seasonal and annual scale, respectively, for the study of the corresponding statistics, and a slightly higher coverage (75 %) was required to document the diel cycle. Although some observations are common to a majority of sites, the variety of environments characterizing these stations made it possible to highlight contrasting findings, which, among other factors, seem to be significantly related to the level of anthropogenic influence. The concentrations measured at polar sites are the lowest (similar to 10(2) cm(-3)) and show a clear seasonality, which is also visible in the shape of the PNSD, while diel cycles are in general less evident, due notably to the absence of a regular day-night cycle in some seasons. In contrast, the concentrations characteristic of urban environments are the highest (similar to 10(3)-10(4) cm(-3)) and do not show pronounced seasonal variations, whereas diel cycles tend to be very regular over the year at these stations. The remaining sites, including mountain and non-urban continental and coastal stations, do not exhibit as obvious common behaviour as polar and urban sites and display, on average, intermediate N-tot (similar to 10(2)-10(3) cm(-3)). Particle concentrations measured at mountain sites, however, are generally lower compared to nearby lowland sites, and tend to exhibit somewhat more pronounced seasonal variations as a likely result of the strong impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) influence in connection with the topography of the sites. ABL dynamics also likely contribute to the diel cycle of N-tot observed at these stations. Based on available PNSD measurements, CCN-sized particles (considered here as either >50 nm or >100 nm) can represent from a few percent to almost all of N-tot, corresponding to seasonal medians on the order of similar to 10 to 1000 cm(-3), with seasonal patterns and a hierarchy of the site types broadly similar to those observed for N-tot. Overall, this work illustrates the importance of in situ measurements, in particular for the study of aerosol physical properties, and thus strongly supports the development of a broad global network of near surface observatories to increase and homogenize the spatial coverage of the measurements, and guarantee as well data availability and quality. The results of this study also provide a valuable, freely available and easy to use support for model comparison and validation, with the ultimate goal of contributing to improvement of the representation of aerosol-cloud interactions in models, and, therefore, of the evaluation of the impact of aerosol particles on climate., European Commission's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ACTRIS2) 654109, University of Helsinki, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Department of Science and Innovation of South Africa, Academy of Finland 272041, Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic 269095, Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic: From Historical Concentrations and Sources to Future Climate Impacts (NABCEA) 296302, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea" KMA2018-00522, National Research Foundation of Korea 2017R1D1A1B06032548, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program KMI2018-01111, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, China Meteorological Administration, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41675129 41875147, National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2016YFC0203305 2018YFC0213204, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 2020KJ001, Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of MOST Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of CMA Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of CNRS-INSU, French Ministry for Research under the ACTRIS-FR national research infrastructure, French Ministry of the Environment, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) LO1415, ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315, CRISOL CGL2017-85344, TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government) Y2018/EMT-5177, AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government) P2018/EMT4329, REDMAAS2020 RED2018-102594-T, Red de Excelencia ACTRIS-ESPANA CGL2017-90884-REDT, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, FEDER funds CGL2016-78594-R, Generalitat de Catalunya, General Electric AGAUR 2017 SGR41, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) Spanish Government CGL2017-90884-REDT CGL2016-81092-R RTI2018-097864-BI00 PGC2018-098770-B-I00, Andalusia Regional Government P18-RT-3820, PANhellenic infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and climate change MIS 5021516, Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation NSRF 20142020, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS, Swedish Research Council, Magnus Bergvall foundation, Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, Swedish EPA
Published: 2021

47. Design of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Microbeads with Tunable Functional Properties and High Biodegradability in Seawater

Author: Eric Balnois, Anthony Magueresse, Chloé Volant, Stéphane Bruzaud, Guillaume Vignaud, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Environmental Engineering, Polymers and Plastics, Polymer, 02 engineering and technology, Biodegradation, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Amorphous solid, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polylactic acid, Chemical engineering, Surface roughness, Materials Chemistry, Degradation (geology), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, sense organs, Cellulose, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Commercial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) were used to prepare microbeads, with diameter ranging from 50 to 100 µm, by an emulsion-evaporation process. The properties of the beads reveal that the elaboration process enables the formation of spherical particles, that the crystallinity of the former polymer is not altered during the process and that the surface roughness of the particles can be tuned by changing the nature of the lateral chain in the PHA structure, in good correlation with its crystalline behavior. The mechanical properties of the different PHA beads are also found to be intimely linked with the crystalline content of the beads, with modulus varying between 1 to 7 GPa. All these properties are also governing the degradation behavior of these materials, as tested under marine environment. With a rapid degradation, similar to cellulose, and a degradation rate correlated with the crystalline content, these results emphasize the interest in developing PHA materials with tunable functions and degradation properties.
Published: 2021

48. The 3′UTR‐derived sRNA RsaG coordinates redox homeostasis and metabolism adaptation in response to glucose‐6‐phosphate uptake in Staphylococcus aureus

Author: Alejandro Toledo-Arana, Laura Barrientos, Emma Desgranges, François Vandenesch, Karen Moreau, Stefano Marzi, Pascale Romby, Isabelle Caldelari, Lucas Herrgott, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Université de Strasbourg, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (ARN), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Romby, Pascale, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE12-0025,CoNoCo,Contrôle de la transcription non-codante comme moyen de régulation fine de l'expression des gènes chez les bactéries Bacillus subtilis et Staphylococcus aureus.(2018)
Subjects: Untranslated region, Staphylococcus aureus, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RNA Stability, Glucose-6-Phosphate, Biology, Microbiology, Antiporters, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bacterial Proteins, Untranslated Regions, Homeostasis, Molecular Biology, Gene, Messenger RNA, Three prime untranslated region, RNA, Biological Transport, Translation (biology), Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Staphylococcal Infections, Adaptation, Physiological, 3′UTR-derived sRNA, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry, CCPA, Transfer RNA, RNA, Small Untranslated, Oxidation-Reduction, Redox homeostasis, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus RsaG is a 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) derived sRNA from the conserved uhpT gene encoding a glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) transporter expressed in response to extracellular G6P. The transcript uhpT-RsaG undergoes degradation from 5′- to 3′-end by the action of the exoribonucleases J1/J2, which are blocked by a stable hairpin structure at the 5′-end of RsaG, leading to its accumulation. RsaG together with uhpT is induced when bacteria are internalized into host cells or in the presence of mucus-secreting cells. Using MS2-affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing, several RNAs were identified as targets including mRNAs encoding the transcriptional factors Rex, CcpA, SarA, and the sRNA RsaI. Our data suggested that RsaG contributes to the control of redox homeostasis and adjusts metabolism to changing environmental conditions. RsaG uses different molecular mechanisms to stabilize, degrade, or repress the translation of its mRNA targets. Although RsaG is conserved only in closely related species, the uhpT 3′UTR of the ape pathogen S. simiae harbors an sRNA, whose sequence is highly different, and which does not respond to G6P levels. Our results hypothesized that the 3′UTRs from UhpT transporter encoding mRNAs could have rapidly evolved to enable adaptation to host niches., This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), by the French National Research Agency ANR (ANR-18-CE12-0025-04 CoNoCo to P.R.). This work of the Interdisciplinary Thematic Institute IMCBio, as part of the ITI 2021–2028 program of the University of Strasbourg, CNRS, and Inserm was supported by IdEx Unistra (ANR-10-IDEX-0002), SFRI-STRAT'US (ANR 20-SFRI-0012), and by EUR IMCBio (IMCBio ANR-17-EURE-0023) under the framework of the French Investments for the Future Program. ED and LB were supported by the “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” (FDT201904007957 and ECO202006011534)
Published: 2021

49. Natural forests promote phosphorus retention in soil

Author: Zhou Guoyi, Lei Liu, Lin Li, Wantong Wang, Juxiu Liu, Stefano Manzoni, Philippe Ciais, Xuli Tang, Junhua Yan, Jordi Sardans, Zhen Yu, Josep Peñuelas, Daniel S. Goll, Jie Zhu, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Stockholm University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, China National Science Foundation. Grant Numbers: 32001166, 42071031, 42130506, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Foundation. Grant Number: JKLAM2004, Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST. Grant Number: 2019r059, and ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016)
Subjects: China, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forest management, Natural forest, chemistry.chemical_element, natural forests, Ecological succession, Forests, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, successional stage, Soil, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, phosphorus, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Phosphorus, planted forests, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, growth stage, Pedogenesis, chemistry, Plant productivity, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon
Abstract: International audience; AbstractSoil phosphorus (P) availability often limits plant productivity. Classical theories suggest that total P content declines at the temporal scale of pedogenesis, and ecosystems develop toward the efficient use of scarce P during succession. However, the trajectory of ecosystem P within shorter time scales of succession remains unclear. We analyzed changes to P pools at the early (I), middle (II), and late (III) stages of growth of plantation forests (PFs) and the successional stages of natural forests (NFs) at 1969 sites in China. We found significantly lower P contents at later growth stages compared to earlier ones in the PF (p < .05), but higher contents at late successional stages than in earlier stages in the NF (p < .05). Our results indicate that increasing P demand of natural vegetation during succession, may raise, retain, and accumulate P from deeper soil layers. In contrast, ecosystem P in PF was depleted by the more rapidly increasing demand outpacing the development of a P-efficient system. We advocate for more studies to illuminate the mechanisms for determining the divergent changes, which would improve forest management and avoid the vast degradation of PF ecosystems suffering from the ongoing depletion of P.
Published: 2021

50. In Search of the Best Solid Electrolyte-Layered Oxide Pairing for Assembling Practical All-Solid-State Batteries

Author: Tuncay Koç, Romain Dugas, Gwenaëlle Rousse, Florencia Marchini, Jean-Marie Tarascon, Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, sulfides, cathode composite, Oxide, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Halide, Nanotechnology, Electrolyte, Solid-state battery, halides, solid electrolyte, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Pairing, solvent-based synthesis, All solid state, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy density, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), solvent-free synthesis, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, coated layered oxide
Abstract: International audience; All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are the subject of large enthusiasm as they could boost by 50% the energy density of today's Li-ion batteries provided that several fundamental/practical roadblocks can be solved. Focusing on the interface between the solid electrolyte and cathode active material (CAM), we herein studied the chemical/electrochemical compatibility of coated-layered oxide LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 with the three main inorganic electrolytes contenders, these being lithium thiophosphate (β-Li3PS4), argyrodite (Li6PS5Cl), and halide (Li3InCl6). Such electrolytes were prepared by either solvent-free or solution chemistry and paired with the CAM to form a composite which was further tested by assembling solid-state batteries using Li0.5In as negative electrode. Amongst the electrolytes prepared by dry routes, the best performing was found to be Li6PS5Cl followed by β-Li3PS4 and lastly Li3InCl6. In contrast, no general trend of benefit or detriment was observed when switching to solution route as it resulted in either performance improvement or deterioration depending on the electrolyte. Additionally, we show a strong dependence of the battery performance upon the presence of carbon additives. Lastly, we unraveled a pronounced chemical/electrochemical incompatibility of Li3InCl6 towards Li6PS5Cl and β-Li3PS4, hence questioning the design of hetero-structural cell architectures. Altogether, we hope these findings to provide guidance in the proper pairing of electrode-electrolytes components for designing highly performing solid-state batteries.
Published: 2021

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