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The authors thank the technicians from DHA-Atalante facility who strongly participated to this experiment: Loïck Chauvin,Nathalie Vaissières, Manuel Delaville and Maxime Fagard.; International audience; The formation of studtite has been studied during the oxidative dissolution of a MIMAS MOX fuel disc in aerated water enriched in $^{18}$O under a gamma radiation source, coupling Raman spectroscopy and solution analyzes. The use of isotopic labeling allowed following the reactions responsible for the precipitation of studtite. At the beginning of the experiment, different $^{18}$O enrichments in the uranyl and peroxide bonds of the studtite were observed. While the uranyl bond was primarily enriched in $^{18}$O, the peroxide bond contained large amounts of $^{16}$O. This result suggests an oxygen contribution coming from different radiolytic species for each bond: H$_2$O$_2$ and radicals. The comparison with a UO$_2$ sample leached in similar conditions ruled out a role of the Pu alpha self-irradiation in this different behavior. Yet, the influence of the MOX MIMAS heterogeneous microstructure and chemistry is observed with the preferential dissolution of the UO$_2$ grains, the Pu-rich areas being much more stable with regard to the dissolution. In addition, the studtite first precipitates preferentially on the Pu-poor areas of the sample before covering the entire surface, including the plutonium-enriched aggregates, at the end of the experiment.

Background Yacon roots contain remarkable amounts of prebiotic fructans and rare antioxidant phenolics. Plant-based foods present a short shelf-life. In the case of yacon, fresh storage causes rapid depolymerization of fructans. Therefore, many attempts to extend yacon roots shelf-life have been made over the last years. Scope and approach This review aims at presenting the effect of processing methods on yacon roots health-promoting compounds, such as fructooligosaccharides, inulin and phenolics. Additionally, yacon-based products health-promoting properties, such as antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition and other metabolic parameters that reflect intestinal health, are presented. An overview of the impact of processing on health-promoting compounds retention/concentration is shown. Yacon-based products with higher values of health-promoting properties are pointed out. Key findings and conclusions Innovations have been incorporated in the main methods used for processing yacon along the years, namely drying and blanching, such as the use of vacuum, foam-mat drying, use of salts and acids in the blanching solution, and combination between blanching and drying. Results show that fructan retention was superior when using hot air drying preceded by blanching with salts and acids. Phenolic content in solids was higher when using spray drying. Phenolic content in liquids was higher when using blanching combined with lactobionic acid addition to the juice. In addition, yacon-based products, especially flours, promote intestinal health by means of affecting metabolic parameters like microbial counts, short-chain fatty acids content, antioxidant enzymes expression and postprandial glycemic response.

Considering that bio-based ingredients have attracted the attention of food industries and the great demand for emulsifiers, the present work studied the mucilage of Pereskia aculeata Miller (OPN) as an alternative emulsifier in meat product. Aqueous extraction by physical process was used to obtain mucilage from the leaves of the plant with high emulsifying activity. The OPN mucilage was characterized by its proximal composition, emulsifying potential and amino acid profile and was evaluated as an emulsifier and fat replacement in processed meat. Different formulations of mortadella-type meat product were developed and studied in terms of nutritional composition, color, texture profile, product-emulsion stability, firmness and sensory acceptance. OPN mucilage had a high emulsifying potential, is rich in minerals, and contains all the essential amino acids in its composition, which characterizes it as a nutritionally attractive food ingredient. The use of this mucilage allowed the replacement of chicken skin, which is an emulsifier traditionally used in mortadella-type meat product, contributing to the reduction of the overall fat content of the product. The selected formulation showed high sensory acceptance demonstrating the great potential for using OPN mucilage in meat products and as food ingredient.

Malic acid, a carboxylic acid most found in fruits, is a smooth taste substance used as flavoring and preservative agent in foods, although not as used as citric acid. There are no studies focusing in quantitative results or investigations on its physicochemical properties, useful to the food industry, or even the confirmation of its calcium chelating, buffer texturizer and antioxidant alleged properties. Thus, the aim of this work was the assessment of most physicochemical properties of malic acid, solid and in solution, that could be useful to the food industry understand its real potential. The following analyses were carried out: melting point; structure (NMR, XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS); TGA/DTG; solubility, hygroscopicity; antioxidant activity, iron chelating and antibacterial activities and stability of pectin gels. The melting temperature found was 129.71 °C. TGA/DTG exhibited first loss of mass around 140 °C. In the temperature range of 10 to 55 °C, it exhibited a high solubility in water, from 48.12 to 61.49 (100w), respectively. The tested bacteria, related to food spoilage, were inhibited by DL-malic acid 10% or higher. Chelating and antioxidant activities showed expressive results even in 1% solution. Pectin gels with malic acid had stronger structure and less syneresis than citric acid gels. In addition, calcium chelating, buffer texturizer and antioxidant properties were confirmed. Thus, malic acid has potential to be applied in a wide variety of food products as fortified beverages, frozen and refrigerated items, oils, pectin gels, hard and soft candies, and biofilms, due to all the characteristics quantified.

Leishmaniasis is endemic anthropozoonosis considered to be a severe public health problem. The treatment with pentavalent antimonials presents high toxicity motivating the search for effective and less toxic drugs. Hydrazones and N-acylhydrazones are functional groups that are prominent in Medicinal Chemistry, including as antiprotozoals. In this context, five hydrazones derived from the natural aldehydes were synthesized and the molecular structures were suitably determined to employ uni and bidimensional 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The antileishmanial activity of all hydrazones was determined against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, and the compounds HDZ-3, HDZ-4, and HDZ-5 showed the best results, with IC50 of 9.00, 38.10 and 26.30 µM, respectively. In the cytotoxic evaluation against RAW macrophages, HDZ-4 presented the least cytotoxic (CC50 = 222.24 µM) and the higher selectivity. Lipinski’s descriptors of the hydrazones were calculated, and the compounds HDZ-3 and HDZ-5 were more promising. These hydrazones are hybrids of natural aldehydes with drugs, the first is the result of the junction of the cinnamaldehyde with isoniazid, and the second of the vanillin with hydralazine. The results highlighted the Markush isonicotinoylhydrazone and phthalazinylhydrazone groups, molecular structures that are present in HDZ-3 and HDZ-5 and are therefore considered innovators in the development of antileishmanial drugs.

Excess sodium in foods is one of the factors in chronic non-communicable diseases whose importance is on the rise. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize a replacement for sodium in an appetizer-type Mignon cracker on an industrial scale. For this, a mixture design consisting of seven formulations were prepared with sodium replacement ranging between 30 and 60 %. The partial sodium replacement used industrial ingredients (Nutek Salt and PuraQ NA4, and modified KCl and flavor), to assess the impact on sodium content and texture (hardness). No significant differences were found in the hardness attribute. Sodium reduction ranged from 943.43 to 637.21 mg 100 g–1, and formulation 7 (F7) with 60 % replacement could cash in on the “Reduced in sodium” appeal. A sensory Quantitative Descriptive Analysis accessed the sensory profiles of formulations, and significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in salty taste, sweet taste, bread aroma, and formulation 4 (40 % replacement) but were not significantly different from the formulation in salty taste. In PCA, the first main component showed variability between samples of 84.6 %, while the second axis explained 11.5 % of this variability. Acceptance (taste and overall quality) and purchase intention (above > 70 %) showed that the substitution did not affect consumers’ perceptions, with no significant difference between controls, F4 and F7.

Toselectpotatogenotypestoleranttowaterdeficit,systemstosimulatethisstresshavebeen used. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the main osmotic agent used for this purpose, but it causes an excessively severe stress. However, it is difficult to carry out an experiment that aims to compare plant responses under water deficit by osmotic or matric induction, and, thus,fewstudiescomparethesestress-inducingmechanisms.Therefore,theobjectiveofthis studywas to compare the responses of Agata, BRS Clara,C2406-03andCota genotypes to water deficit in both induction methods (matric or osmotic). The tests were carried out in a greenhouse, one using hydroponics (osmotic induction) and the other in pots with soil (matric induction). In both tests, the application of stressful conditions occurred at the beginning of tuberization. Assessments of gas exchange and shoot temperature were made throughout the exposure to stress. Also, samples were collected from leaves for analysis of osmotic potential and leaves and tubers for analysis of metabolite content. At the end of the potatoplantcycle,thenumberandweightoftuberswereevaluated.Inbothstressconditions, there were significant reductions in photosynthesis and transpiration rate compared to the respective normal hydration conditions. In addition, indicators such as metabolite levels (proline and soluble sugars) were significantly altered in plants exposed to different stress inductions. These data, together with the significant limitations in the growth of stressed plants, indicate that the experimental models induce similar responses. However, the water deficit by osmotic induction was more severe for the potato plants when compared to stress due to matric induction, mainly affecting tuber production. Therefore, the water deficit osmotic induction model can be recommended for phenotyping tolerance to this stress, due to the hydroponic system inducing greater tuber production per plant under optimal cultivation conditions. Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-15T19:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Artigo-Responses-of-Solanum.pdf: 1828932 bytes, checksum: 67068642e310a61dfbc7b20d5b10e175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a bionic acid naturally found in the "Caspian Sea yogurt" and chemically constituted of a gluconic acid bonded to a galactose. The compound is known for its numerous proven attributes as an antioxidant, chelator, and moisturizer agent. There is a growing interest of the academic community and industry research sectors in the application of LBA as a food ingredient. Thus, this review describes the current methods of LBA production, patents related, general applications and regulations, research statistics, future prospects, and an overview of the challenges faced by the food industry to incorporate the acid in their products. Studies associated to food application and human intake are scarce in the literature. To date, they account for only a small amount of all available research papers and patents on the subject, which is due to LBA prohibitions despite the approval of its salt (calcium lactobionate) and the lack of regulation in most countries. Further studies on the safety of consumption should be carried out in coming years in order to elucidate its toxicological aspects and to extend the technological possibilities of the food processing industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The objective of this study was to evaluate the cholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside supplementation in piglet diet on organ biometry and physicochemical composition, pH of the digestive tract contents, and bone traits. A total of 128 entire male piglets (21 days-old, 6.82±0.38 kg body weight) were distributed in a completely randomized block design with eight replications and four animals per experimental unit. The treatments were composed of a diet 100/0 = 100% of the vitamin D supplemented with cholecalciferol; 50/50 = 50% supplemented with cholecalciferol + 0.25 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside; 25/75 = 25% supplemented with cholecalciferol + 0.375 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside; and 0/100 = 0.50 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside. The results indicated that piglets fed 100/0 showed an increase in spleen weight compared with those fed 0/100 and greater heart dry matter than piglets fed the 50/50 diet. Phosphorus concentration in the spleen was higher in piglets that received 25/75 when compared with those that received the 100/0 and 0/100 diets. Piglets that received the 0/100 diet showed higher pH of the stomach contents, but showed reduced pH of the contents of the jejunum and ileum. The width of the epiphysis and diaphysis was greater when piglets consumed the 50/50 treatment; however, a lower epiphysis height was observed. The use of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside alone in piglet diets does not negatively influence the pH of the gastrointestinal tract and organ physicochemical composition. In addition, the use of diets with 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside as a replacement for cholecalciferol reduces spleen weight and promotes improvements in bone development. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual de Maringá Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal

Elyonurus muticus (Em) is a discarded native grass from South America, and its essential oil recently demonstrated properties comparable to Cymbopogon flexuosus (Cf) and Cymbopogon citratus (Cc) essential oils. Thus, this study aimed to compare these lemongrass essential oils regarding their potential as food preservatives. Chemical composition (GC/MS), antioxidant, Fe2+ chelatiion, antibacterial activity and phenolic content were done. As for the Fe2+ chelating activity, Em essential oil had IC50 of 0.005 mg. mL−1, three and six times less than Cf and Cc, respectively. The antibacterial test exhibited major activity on Listeria monocytogenes with 54.21% inhibition effect to Em oil (concentration 1:2). Em and Cf oily solutions 0.750 µL.L−1 indicated high postharvest preserving capacity, as they kept phenolic content of strawberries during 15 days with less fungal development. The study emphasized Elyonurus muticus essential oil as suitable alternative to lemongrass species, for food preservation, suggesting pharmaceutical and medical applications.

In Brazil, 47% of the fish farming correspond to the tilapia species, and the main producers are the south and northeast regions. This work aimed at characterizing the amino acid profile of three fishes with the potential for rearing and diversification in Brazil and worldwide. The fishes grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), and catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were obtained from a rural property located in the city of Pato Branco, PR, Brazil, and analyzed regarding the amino acid composition through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The amino acid profile showed the presence of glutamic acid, followed by lysine, aspartic acid, and leucine as the most prominent amino acids for the three fishes. Among the studied species, the grass carp presented the highest content of essential amino acids, registering all values superior to the minimum recommendation standards determined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The disclosure of the significant nutritional value presented by these species consolidate their protein quality and expand possibilities to improve the fish farming and development of derivative products.

Fish burgers as new products require their shelf life investigated. Sensory results usually do not follow a homogeneous profile, as it measures human perception. Once the sensory and physicochemical monitoring of the shelf life takes time and considerable investment, the Near Infrared spectroscopy comes as a fast instrumental technique, which can access multiple parameters from the sample at the same time. In order to replace traditional methods improving mathematical modeling, the objective of this study is the estimation of the data preprocessing and homogeneity (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) influence in the quality parameters of Partial Least Squares modeling. Calibration and validation models were evaluated by means of correlation coefficient, Rank, robustness and Residual Prediction Deviation. All the preprocessing available on the software Opus Lab® were tested and compared. 72 readings/8 samples of refrigerated grass carp burgers originated the data regarding its water activity, rancid taste, pH and reactive substances of thiobarbituric acid results. The preprocessing methods accessible were Standard Normal Variate, Multiplicative Scatter Correction, 2nd derivative, 1st derivative, Straight Line Subtraction and Min/Max. Each chosen preprocessing generated a model with different parameters. The homogeneity of data proved to have a direct influence on the robustness, confirming the challenge to fit sensory results in Partial Least Squares prediction models. New possibilities to investigate meat products were shown. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i6.1234

To predict the long-term behavior of high-level radioactive waste glass, it is necessary to study aqueous dissolution of the glass matrix under geological repository conditions. The present article focuses on SON68 (an inactive surrogate of the R7T7 glass) glass alteration in synthetic clayey groundwater at 70 °C. Experiments in deionized water as reference were also performed in the same conditions. Results are in agreement with those of previous studies showing that magnesium present in the solution is responsible for higher glass alteration. This effect is transient and pH-dependent: Once all the magnesium is consumed, the glass alteration rate diminishes. Precipitation of magnesium silicate of the smectite group seems to be the main factor for the increased glass alteration. A pH threshold of 7.5–7.8 was found, above which precipitation of these magnesium silicates at 70 °C is possible. TEM observations reveal that magnesium silicates grow at the expense of the passivating gel, which partly dissolves, forming large pores which increase mass transfer between the reacting glass surface and the bulk solution.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant, with South American origin, whose roots received the designation of functional food due to fructan-type sugars and phenolics in its composition. Aiming to keep yacon beneficial compounds in long-term storage, a new food formulation was proposed, being prebiotic yacon juice preserved by lactobionic (LBA) and malic acids. Thus, yacon juice was evaluated regarding its prebiotic potential in vitro, bioavailability of phenolic compounds and bioconversion of sugars. Discriminant analysis with canonical correlation pointed out Fe2+ chelation, color, pH, total extractable polyphenols and prebiotic potential as the discriminating parameters among samples, during refrigerated storage of 120 days (6 °C ± 2 °C). The essential role of LBA and malic acid addition was confirmed as they kept: pH at desirable levels, a stable color profile, Fe2+ chelating activity at values between 30-40% until day 30, bioavailability of polyphenols up to 13% maximum loss, and almost doubled the shelf-life. Chromatographic profile by HPLC corroborated these findings, which verified a more solid hydrolysis of fructan-type sugars in the yacon juice without acids. Resultant molds and yeasts limited the shelf-life to 60 days for the control sample, and 105 days for the acid-added ones. In addition, unprecedented prebiotic potential of yacon juice was confirmed: to Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus for at least 120 days and for 105 days for Bifidobacterium animalis. Lastly, the LBA, an alleged prebiotic compound, had no prebiotic-enhancing activity, possibly due to the amount (1%) applied.

Germination is negatively influenced by water scarcity and by temperatures above or below the optimal range of the species, so it is necessary to know the critical point of absorption for the species or cultivar. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of water stress, simulated by solutions of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) at different temperatures, on the germination and vigor of seeds of four cultivars (Branca, Orelha de Vó, Rosinha and Roxinha) of beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.). The water stress simulation was performed using PEG 6000 solutions at concentrations of 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, and -1.2 MPa at temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 ° C. The analyzed variables were percentage of germination at first count, germination speed index, length of aerial part and primary root of seedlings, and dry mass of the respective parts of the seedlings. The seeds of the cultivar Orelha de Vó were more sensitive to water stress, with 88% germinating up to the potential of -0.6 MPa at the tested temperatures. The cultivars Branca, Rosinha, and Roxinha germinated (94, 100, and 100%, respectively) up to the potential of -0.8 MPa. Water stress simulated by PEG (6000) negatively affects seed twinning and seed vigor of bean cultivars. A germinação é influenciada negativamente pela escassez de água e por temperaturas abaixo ou acima da faixa exigida pela espécie, por isso é necessário saber qual o ponto crítico de absorção das espécies ou cultivares. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico, simulado com soluções de polietileno glicol 6000 (PEG 6000) em diferentes temperaturas, na germinação e vigor de sementes de quatro cultivares (Branca, Orelha de Vó, Rosinha e Roxinha) de feijão-fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.). Foram submetidas a simulação do estresse hídrico foi feita com soluções de PEG 6000, nas concentrações de 0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6, -0,8, -1,0 e -1,2 MPa, nas temperaturas de 25, 30 e 35 °C. As variáveis analisadas foram percentuais de germinação e primeira contagem, índice velocidade de germinação, comprimentos de parte aérea e raiz primária de plântulas e massa seca das respectivas partes de plântulas. As sementes do cultivar Orelha de Vó são mais sensíveis ao estresse hídrico, germinando 88 % até o potencial de -0,6 MPa na temperatura, os cultivares Branca, Rosinha e Roxinha germinaram (94; 100 e 100 %, respectivamente) até o potencial de -0,8 MPa. Estresse hídrico simulado por PEG (6000) afeta negativamente a geminação das sementes e o vigor das sementes de cultivares de feijão-fava.

Castor oil is one of the most important potential feedstocks for biodiesel production, but the product obtained has problems within the specific density and viscosity specifications. A wat to improve these properties is to produce biodiesel form blends of castor biodiesel oil with other biodiesel oils. On the other hand, the recycling of waste oils and fats to obtain biodiesel can help in the economic development of several regions in Brazil. This work includes producing biodiesel from blends of virgin castor oil and waste frying oil. Biodiesel production from blends of virgin castor oil (VCO) and waste cooking oil (WCO) from ethylic route and alkaline catalysis was studied in this work. Physico-chemical characterization of VCO (B1), WCO (B2) and three different blends (B3: 50%VCO + 50%WCO; B4: 25%VCO + 75%WCO; B5: 75%VCO + 25%WCO) were evaluated. Initial blend was characterized by acidity level, free fatty acid, saponification index, and density. Iodine and cetane index, glycerin, absence of triglycerides and rheological behavior were determined for obtained biodiesel. The results indicated that the acidity level dropped considerably after the transesterification, however only biodiesel from B1, B4 and B5 showed acidity index in accordance with the standard parameters. Nevertheless, B1 viscosity and cetane number lied outside the legislation. All samples were within the specified standard for iodine index and density. Despite the fact that B4 and B5 results were within the legislation for biodiesel, B4 would be a better alternative due to higher quantity of WCO.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been explored as an alternative to hazardous solvents to extract natural bioactive compounds. In this work, choline chloride-based DES (neat and hydrated) were assessed in the extraction of phenolics from rosemary leaves. The DES studied on an initial screening showed a total phenolic content (TPC) up to 220% higher than the control. The solubilities of the main rosemary biocompounds, estimated by COSMO-RS, showed a positive correlation to TPC. Choline chloride:1,2-propanediol (CPH) was selected for further optimization. At the optimal conditions (65 °C, liquid: solid ratio of 40:1 and 50 %wt of water), the antioxidant activity and TPC were 80 mg of Trolox equivalent/g and 78 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the optimized extract revealed inhibition of 39–51% to all bacteria tested. In summary, an extract with good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was obtained from rosemary leaves using CPH as solvent.

Yacon root is known for its antioxidant, prebiotic and insulin modulator benefits. However, like the root, yacon juice exhibits rapid enzymatic browning, requiring treatments such as acidification. Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a promising food ingredient, which contains not only preservative but also nutritional properties. The first goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of combined treatments (blanching, acid pretreatment) and LBA on refrigerated yacon juice (8 °C; 48 h). The analysis of pH, antioxidants, total polyphenols and color, were used to select the optimal combined conditions, which were steam blanching (10 min) + LBA 1%. Secondly, the LBA was compared with citric, malic, tartaric, and ascorbic acids (at 1% levels), where the kinetics of polyphenol oxidases were determined in refrigerated storage of the juice at 8 °C for 48 h. Results showed that LBA, malic and tartaric acids maintained the color of yacon juice and preserved bioactive compounds. LBA and malic acid prevented enzymatic browning with PPO reductions of 80.4% and 79.4%, respectively. This was the first time that LBA has been tested in a refrigerated juice showing significant potential for preservation of color and bioactive compounds in food products.

Nanoliposome-encapsulated and free thymol, carvacrol, and thymol/carvacrol (1:1) were assessed as antimicrobials against a Salmonella pool. Liposome-encapsulated thymol (TL), carvacrol (CL) and thymol/carvacrol (TCL) presented 230–270 nm diameter, satisfactory polydispersity (0.24–0.31), zeta potential of approximately −30 mV and high encapsulation efficiencies (~99%), remaining stable during 28 days at 4 °C. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of free antimicrobials were 331 μg/mL. Encapsulation increased MIC to 663 (TL, CL) and 1325 μg/mL (TCL). Time-kill curves with antimicrobial preparations (265.0 μg/mL) demonstrated superior activities for free antimicrobials; among nanoliposomes, TCL exhibited higher activity. At MIC, antimicrobials impeded bacterial adhesion to glass. Without antimicrobials, Salmonella (~8 log Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL) adhered to glass reaching 5.89 log CFU/cm2 after 15 min. Inactivation of glass-attached Salmonella was complete following 1-min treatments with free (MIC, 2 × MIC) or encapsulated (2 × MIC) antimicrobials. At MIC, antimicrobial-loaded nanoliposomes decreased adhered populations by ~3.9 log CFU/cm2; at 0.5 × MIC, reductions of 1.93 (CL) and 1.58 log CFU/cm2 (TCL) were observed. Free antimicrobials were more effective against planktonic and sessile Salmonella at contact times employed in food processing environments. Nanoliposome-encapsulated natural antimicrobials warrant investigations on surface disinfection schemes and incorporation into foods.

In this work, deep eutectic solvents (DES-based menthol and cholinium chloride) and the ethanol, temperature, and times were selected to extract bioactive compounds from the rhizome, leaves, and flowers Curcuma longa L., using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Analyzes antioxidant, flavonoids, antimicrobial, chelation Fe2+, inhibition of the cholinesterase's enzymes, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in Allium cepa cells were performed. The extracts showed results of iron chelation and antibacterial. Curcuma flowers and leaves' extracts inhibited food spoilage bacteria with values above 45%, with substantial iron-chelating activity above 50%. Extracts obtained by DES based on menthol and lactic acid exhibited a high percentage of inhibition of acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase. In contrast, flower extracts obtained by menthol and acetic acid showed low inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme activity. No extract showed cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Biological activities showed a high potential for the application of these extracts in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The authors thank both CAPES for the financial support, the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and the Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Labmulti-CM (UTFPR) for the technical support provided. M. R. Mafra and L. Igarashi-Mafra are grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - Grant 310182/2018-2 and 308517/2018-0, respectively). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Under natural conditions, large seeds with physical dormancy (PY) may become water permeable earlier than small ones. However, the mechanism for this difference has not been elucidated. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the traits associated with PY in seeds of Senna multijuga (Fabaceae) and to propose a mechanism for earlier dormancy-break in large than in small seeds. Two seedlots were collected and each separated into large and small seeds. Seed dry mass, water content, thickness of palisade layer in the hilar and distal regions and the ratio between palisade layer thickness (P) in the lens fissure and seed mass (M) were evaluated. Further, the correlation between seed mass and seed dimensions was investigated. Large seeds had higher dry mass and water content than small seeds. The absolute thickness of the palisade layer in the different regions did not show any trend with seed size; however, large seeds had a lower P:M ratio than small seeds. Seed mass correlated positively with all seed dimensions, providing evidence for a substantially higher volume in large seeds. Since wet, but not dry, high temperatures break PY in sensitive seeds of S. multijuga, the data support our prediction that internal pressure potential in the seed and palisade layer thickness in the water gap (lens), which is related to seed mass (i.e. P:M ratio), act together to modulate the second step (dormancy break) of the two-stage sensitivity cycling model for PY break. In which case, large seeds are predetermined to become water-permeable earlier than small ones.

The residual rate regime of SON68 nuclear glass has been investigated here by static experiments under external irradiation. The experiments were carried out in a gamma irradiator with 60 Co sources. Four dose rates were studied: two high dose rates (5 and 10 kGy h −1 ) to exacerbate electronic radiation effects, and two lower dose rates (0.8 and 0.05 kGy h −1 ). The objective of this work is not to assess potential LET effects but to assess more widely electronic effects on the residual rate regime which controls the long term stability of the glass under geological disposal. Fresh glasses were leached in argon atmosphere at 90 °C and at a high surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA/ V = 10 000 m −1 ). Under these conditions the system quickly reaches the residual alteration rate regime. The alteration rate was monitored by solution analyses: the release of glass alteration tracer elements—in particular boron, sodium and lithium—was measured by ICP-AES. The hydrogen peroxide produced by water radiolysis was quantified by chemiluminescence. Radiation effects on the glass and its gel network were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Higher H 2 O 2 concentrations were measured on irradiated samples in the presence of glass, suggesting an irradiation effect on the glass and its alteration layer. However, the data obtained on glass alteration show that potential defects or changes induced by gamma irradiation do not modify the kinetics of alteration up to a gamma dose rate of 10 kGy h −1 : the residual rates measured for the different dose rates studied are similar and comparable to experiments performed without irradiation. Moreover, these observations are consistent with SEM and TEM characterizations which show that the alteration layer formed under gamma irradiation is similar to the alteration layer formed without irradiation. This study demonstrates that species produced by pure water radiolysis and defects induced by gamma irradiation in the glass and/or its alteration layer may remain limited and localized enough not to affect glass alteration under these conditions.

Polyphenols (negative groups) of strawberry extract interacts with positively protonated amino groups of chitosan which helps in maximum encapsulation. This approach can improve the bioavailability and sustained release of phytochemicals having lower bioavailability. The optimum mass ratio of chitosan-tripolyphosphate and polyphenols (PPs) loading was investigated to be 3:1 and 0.5 mg/ml of strawberry extract, respectively. Prepared nanoformulation were characterized by UV⿿vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The formed particles size ranged between 300 and 600 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of ⿿ 0.5. The optimized formulation showed encapsulation efficiency of 58.09% at 36.47% of polyphenols loading. Initial burst and continuous release of PPs was observed at pH 7.4 of in vitro release studies. PPs release profile at this pH was found to be non-Fickian analomous diffusion and the release was followed first order kinetics. And at pH 1.4, diffusion-controlled Fickian release of PPs was observed.

One of the oldest forms of medical practice is the use of plants for the treatment and prevention of diseases that affect humans. We have studied the antimicrobial activity and synergism of Piper gaudichaudianum Kuntze with different antibiotics. The crude extract from the leaves of P. gaudichaudianum was submitted to chromatographic separation, resulting in five fractions. Fraction F3 contained a chromone (2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxycroman-4-one), and fraction F2 contained isomers that are prenylated derivatives of benzoic acid [4-hydroxy-(3',7'-dimethyl-1'-oxo-octa-E-2'-6'-dienyl)benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-(3',7'-dimethyl-1'-oxo-octa-2'-Z-6'-dienyl) benzoic acid]. The chemical structures of both compounds were determined by analysis of ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COZY, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC spectral data, and by comparison with data in the literature. The crude extract, fraction F2, and fraction F3 showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida tropicalis. The two benzoic acid derivatives only showed activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. The bioauthographic analysis showed an inhibition zone only in fraction F2. Fractions F2 and F3 showed synergism in combination with ceftriaxone, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Morphological changes in form and structure were found by scanning electron microscopy in S. aureus treated with the combination of fraction F2 with vancomycin.

The fifth basic taste called ‘umami’ was recently recognized by studies related to monosodium glutamate (MSG), and this has attracted attention for enhancing the flavor of foods and because it contains only one-third the sodium of table salt, being an important option for reducing sodium intake by the population. This study evaluated the holistic perception of consumers about the MSG through the modern sensory techniques Word Association and Cata (Check All That Apply). Also a paired comparison was applied to define the consumers’ gustatory perception. Two stimuli were applied on Word Association, one using the trademark Sazón/Ajinomoto and another containing only monosodium glutamate. In general, consumers associated MSG with salt, seasoning, meal and tasty. Age and stimuli caused different effects on the associations. Health-related terms were more related to older consumers. Cata results revealed the knowledge and consumption habits regarding MSG 79% of consumers perceived the umami flavor on the paired comparison.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic substance on survival of rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, describing histopathological and oxidative stress findings.METHODS:Forty rats (Ratus norvegicus) were distributed into five study groups (N=8): Sham group (ShG): normal standard animals; Sepse group (SepG): submitted a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); Pre group (PreG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection for five days before carrying out CLP; Post CLP group (PostG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection from the first day of CLP until death by sepsis; and Pre/Post group (Pre/PostG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection for five days before carrying out CLP and from the first day of CLP until de death by sepsis. After the death of the animals, blood was collected for assessment of oxidative stress and histological analysis were performed. The Kaplan-Meier curves of surviving time were realized.RESULTS: Survival analysis demonstrated that animals treated with copaiba oil prior to the execution of the CLP (PreG and Pre/Post groups) had longer survival compared to the sepsis group (p

Financial support: IEC/SVS/MS; UEPA; CNPq (PIBIC). Universidade do Estado do Par?. Departamento de Cirurgia Experimental. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Medicina Tropical. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Medicina Tropical. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Universidade do Estado do Par?. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Medicina Tropical. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laborat?rio de Ensaios Cl?nicos em Mal?ria. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Sex steroids can determine several responses in the clinical evolution of malaria. Seventy Balb-c mice were randomly distributed into 7 groups (10 mice per group): G1 to G6 corresponding to castrated females, castrated females that received estradiol cypionate, uncastrated females, castrated males, castrated males that received intramuscular testosterone decanoate and uncastrated males infected with Plasmodium berghei, and G7, the control group. The mice were evaluated with regard to survival, parasitemia, temperature, body weight, hemoglobin level (anemia) and splenic index. Castrated infected females had lower rates of survival. In the castrated male, the administration of testosterone had anegative influence on survival. There was a progressive increase in parasitemia without repercussions forsurvival. Castration had a significant influence on weight gain in females. Weight loss was observed in all mice, except those in groups G2 and G5, although this bore no direct relation to parasitemia. A significant and progressive decline in temperature and hemoglobin levels occurred in mice over the course of their infection, which differed from the G7 group. The weight of the spleen in relation to total body weight did not differ among the groups of infected mice, but was significantly higher than it was for the control group.

One the most important aspects of a biosensor is related to immobilization and maintenance of specific reference compounds on sensing surfaces. A method for the immobilization of polysaccharides to a silicon oxide surface intended for Surface Acoustical Waves (SAW) sensors is described. Silicon oxide is a hydrophobic inorganic support used for the fabrication of many electronic devices. The pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) vaccine is immobilized via Protein A after pre-treatment of the surface with hydrochloric acid. The effects of non-specific binding are discussed. The results indicate that the immobilization of PPS via Protein A increases the sensitivity of detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae antibodies in human sera and offers greater reproducibility of response compared with ELISA methods. The principles of this technique are simple and are applicable to the immobilization of many capsular polysaccharides.

Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is a promising sugar feedstock for biofuels and other high-value chemical commodities. The recalcitrance of LB, however, impedes carbohydrate accessibility and its conversion into commercially significant products. Two important factors for the overall economization of biofuel production is LB pretreatment to liberate fermentable sugars followed by conversion into ethanol. Sustainable biofuel production must overcome issues such as minimizing water and energy usage, reducing chemical usage and process intensification. Amongst available pretreatment methods, microorganism-mediated pretreatments are the safest, green, and sustainable. Native biodelignifying agents such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pycnoporous cinnabarinus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Cyathus stercoreus can remove lignin, making the remaining substrates amenable for saccharification. The development of a robust, integrated bioprocessing (IBP) approach for economic ethanol production would incorporate all essential steps including pretreatment, cellulase production, enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation of the released sugars into ethanol. IBP represents an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, low energy and low capital approach for second-generation ethanol production. This paper reviews the advancements in microbial-assisted pretreatment for the delignification of lignocellulosic substrates, system metabolic engineering for biorefineries and highlights the possibilities of process integration for sustainable and economic ethanol production.

The reactivity of a polycrystalline UO2 surface under alpha irradiation in contact with groundwater is investigated, in the hypothesis of direct disposal of spent fuel in a deep geological repository. Two series of plutonium-doped UO2 samples (specific alpha activity of 18 and 385 MBq·g−1UO2) were leached in a synthetic Callovian-Oxfordian deep groundwater under anoxic conditions (Ar/CO2 3000 ppm, 3.5 bar relative pressure) to assess both the impact of alpha radiolysis of water and the complexing capacity of the groundwater ions on the dissolution of UO2. This study follows a prior one performed in pure and carbonated waters. Firstly, technical developments were necessary for the analyses in the groundwater solution because of its high salt concentrations: quantification limits were determined for the measurement of uranium and radiolytic H2O2 traces in this medium. Secondly, given the very high reactivity of these samples in the presence of air and in order to minimize any prior surface oxidation, a strict experimental protocol was followed, based on high-temperature annealing in Ar + 4% H2 with preleaching cycles. Each type of UO2 pellet was then leached under static conditions for 30 days (anoxic conditions, deep groundwater solutions). Results on the evolution of uranium releases are presented. For the lowest alpha activity (18 MBq·g−1UO2), uranium releases in groundwater were below the quantification limit of 2 × 10−8 mol·L−1 with a kinetic phosphorescence analyzer, even after 30 days. However, for higher alpha activity (385 MBq·g−1UO2) the uranium releases begin to exceed the quantification limit after 14 days of leaching and then increase exponentially. This increase is comparable to results previously obtained in carbonated solutions.