Search

We describe a novel, simple, robust, and efficient cyclization/deoxygenation approach for the synthesis of functionalized isoquinoline derivatives. Over the course of continued studies on o-alkynylbenzaldoxime cyclization reactions, the formation of cyclic nitrones through 6-endo-dig cyclization was achieved using silver triflate or bromine as an electrophile, and subsequently, the deoxygenation process was carried out in the presence of CS2 in good to high yields.

Herein, a facile synthesis of valuable pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-4-thiones is reported via novel thiocarbonylation of C(sp3)-H bonds with carbon disulfide (CS2). This reaction features easy availability of substrates, good functional group tolerance, high yields, facile scalability and atom economy. Mechanistic investigations indicate that sulfate anion and sulfuric anhydride anion might be involved in this reaction.

A safe, three-step reaction sequence to [1,3]-dithiolo-[4,5-d][1,3-dithiole]-2,5-dione starting from carbon disulfide is presented. Optimized reaction conditions, rigorous purification, and full characterization of all intermediates provide reproducibly a final product of superior quality with a melting point of 181 °C (dec.).

Carbon disulfide (CDS), methanol, acetone and isometric carbon disulfide/acetone mixture (IMCDSAM) were used as solvents to sequentially extract Naomaohu lignite (NL) via ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain extracts (E1–E4) and final extraction residue (ER). Composition and structure of E1–E4 were analyzed by GC-MS. It is found that the main compounds in E1 are alkanes, aromatics, alcohols and esters. Alkanes, alcohols and esters are the main compounds in E2. Alcohols, phenolics and esters are the main components in E3, and esters are mainly phthalic diester compounds. Affected by synergistic effect of the two solvents CDS and acetone, the relative content of alkenes in E4 is relatively high. FT-IR was used to characterize functional groups in NL, E1–E4 and ER. The results show that the ultrasonic extraction process only extracts free small compounds from macromolecular skeleton of the NL and some other molecules, which connect the macromolecular skeleton by weak covalent bonds, and the process does not destroy the macromolecular skeleton structure. In addition, peak fitting results from FT-IR show that types of infrared absorption peaks in ER do not change after ultrasonic extraction, while intensity of the peaks varies. TG-DTG profiles of NL and ER indicate that after ultrasonic extraction weight loss of NL increases from 47.09% to 51.04%, and peak of the maximum weight loss rate is advanced from 450 to 430°C. Pyrolysis kinetic analysis of NL and ER based on Coats-Redfern model show that after ultrasonic extraction activation energy of ER in rapid pyrolysis stage is lower than that of NL, and the pyrolysis process is easier to proceed.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a colorless oily liquid with an original smell, which reminds chloroform. It is very toxic. Carbon disulfide is widely applied in manufacture of viscose fibres, cellophane, in the chemical industry — as solvent of phosphorus, fats, rubbers, in the agriculture — as insecticide. It enters the body through respiratory ways and skin. Carbon disulfide belongs to neurotoxic poisons, which affects mainly the higher departments of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Carbon disulfide can cause acute and chronic intoxications. For acute poisonings by carbon disulfide, rapid development of semiology is typical. In terms of a degree of manifestations, there are mild, moderate and severe forms of acute carbon disulfide poisonings. It is characterized mainly by symptoms according to the type of intoxication, which gradually becomes a narcosis. In terms of clinical course, there are 3 stages of chronic intoxication: functional (carbon disulfide neurosis), initial organic changes, organic (toxic encephalopathy and polyneuritis). In cases of acute intoxication, the victim should be immediately taken out from the danger area into the fresh air. It is necessary to create conditions of rest, to give strong tea, coffee. There are no specific antidotes. Symptomatic treatment is carried out according to clinical manifestations of disease. Oxygen therapy (15 minutes — carbogen, 45 minutes — oxygen) to be performed. Stimulants of the heart and respiratory center are introduced. In chronic intoxication, intravenous infusions of 40% glucose solution (20 ml), the use of vitamin B6, glutamic acid, copper sulfate or acetate for 3–4 weeks are effective. Patients with toxic encephalopathy should take tranquilizers, antidepressants. Oxygen therapy and physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are also used (galvanic stimulation of the collar zone, carbonic baths)., Сероуглерод (CS2) — бесцветная маслянистая жидкость со своеобразным запахом, который напоминает хлороформ. Очень токсичный. Сероуглерод широко применяется в производстве вискозных волокон, целлофана, в химической промышленности — как растворитель фосфора, жиров, резины, в сельском хозяйстве — как инсектицид. В организм поступает через дыхательные пути и кожу. Сероуглерод принадлежит к нейротропным ядам, которые поражают преимущественно высшие отделы центральной нервной системы и периферическую нервную систему. Сероуглерод может вызвать острые и хронические интоксикации. Для острых отравлений сероуглеродом характерно бурное развитие симптоматики. По степени проявлений различают легкие, средней тяжести и тяжелые формы острых отравлений сероуглеродом. Характеризуется в основном симптоматикой по типу опьянения, которое плавно переходит в наркоз. Хроническую интоксикацию по клиническому течению подразделяют на 3 стадии: функциональную (сероуглеродный невроз); начальных органических изменений; органическую (токсическая энцефалопатия и полиневрит). В случаях острой интоксикации потерпевшего следует немедленно вынести (вывести) из опасной зоны на свежий воздух. Необходимо обеспечить покой, дать крепкий чай, кофе. Специфических антидотов нет. Проводят симпто­матическое лечение в соответствии с клиническими проявлениями заболевания. Показана оксигенотерапия (15 минут — карбоген, 45 минут — кислород). Вводят стимуляторы деятельности сердца и дыхательного центра. При хронической интоксикации эффективны внутривенные вливания 40% раствора глюкозы (20 мл), применение витамина В6, глутаминовой кислоты, меди сульфата или ацетата на протяжении 3–4 недель. Больным с токсической энцефалопатией показаны транквилизаторы, антидепрессанты. Применяются также оксигенотерапия и физиотерапевтические методы лечения (гальванизация воротниковой зоны, углекислые ванны)., Сірковуглець (CS2) — безбарвна масляниста рідина зі своєрідним запахом, що нагадує хлороформ. Дуже токсичний. Сірковуглець широко застосовується у виробництві віскозних волокон, целофану, у хімічній промисловості — як розчинник фосфору, жирів, гуми, у сільському господарстві — як інсектицид. В організм надходить через дихальні шляхи й шкіру. Сірковуглець належить до нейротропних отрут, що уражають переважно вищі відділи центральної нервової системи й периферичну нервову систему. Сірковуглець може викликати гострі й хронічні інтоксикації. Для гострих отруєнь сірковуглецем характерний бурхливий розвиток симптоматики. За ступенем проявів розрізняють легкі, середньої тяжкості й тяжкі форми гострих отруєнь сірковуглецем. Характеризується в основному симптоматикою за типом сп’яніння, що плавно переходить у наркоз. Хронічну інтоксикацію за клінічним перебігом поділяють на 3 стадії: функціональну (сірковуглецевий невроз); початкових органічних змін; органічну (токсична енцефалопатія і поліневрит). У випадках гострої інтоксикації потерпілого слід негайно винести (вивести) з небезпечної зони на свіже повітря. Необхідно забезпечити спокій, дати міцний чай, каву. Специфічних антидотів немає. Проводять симптоматичне лікування відповідно до клінічних проявів захворювання. Показана оксигенотерапія (15 хвилин — карбоген, 45 хвилин — кисень). Вводять стимулятори діяльності серця й дихального центру. При хронічній інтоксикації ефективні внутрішньовенні вливання 40% розчину глюкози (20 мл), застосування вітаміну В6, глутамінової кислоти, міді сульфату або ацетату протягом 3–4 тижнів. Хворим із токсичною енцефалопатією показані транквілізатори, антидепресанти. Застосовуються також оксигенотерапія і фізіотерапевтичні методи лікування (гальванізація комірцевої зони, вуглекислі ванни).

Dithiocarbamate (DTC) was synthesized using tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and carbon disulfide as raw materials. The product was characterized by FTIR and its chelating performance of removing lead ion in water was evaluated. The results are shown as follows. Characterization results from the FTIR spectra suggest the target product DTC has been successfully synthesized. The efficiency of removing lead ion or degree of removal increases with removing time, pH value, and DTC dosage, respectively, and then keeps almost unchanged when continuously increasing each of these factors. On the other hand, the degree of removal decreases with the initial concentration of lead ion. Meanwhile, the amount of sorption decreases with the DTC dosage and increases with the initial concentration of lead ion. 99.9% of degree of removal is obtained under a condition including 6 of pH, 220 min of removing time, 3.2 g L–1 of DTC dosage, and 40 mg L–1 of initial ion concentration. The relationship between the amount of sorption and equilibrium lead concentration is in good accordance with the isothermal equation of Langmuir model while it is in worse accordance with that of Freundlich model. It suggests that the chelating process is a monolayer coverage resulting from the chemical combination by the DTC groups, namely the chelating active sites. What’s more, the product of chelating reaction between DTC and Pb2+ ion is more stable and insoluble in water so that it can be easily separated from the solution. Accordingly, the synthesized DTC in this work is a good reagent for removing Pb2+ ion in wastewaters and will be widely used in the field of environment protection.

We present a new class of room-temperature stable diazoalkenes featuring a 1,2,3-triazole backbone. Dinitrogen of the diazoalkene moiety can be thermally displaced by an isocyanide and carbon monoxide. The latter alkylidene ketenes are typically considered as highly reactive compounds, traditionally only accessible by flash vacuum pyrolysis. We present a new and mild synthetic approach to the first structurally characterized alkylidene ketenes by a substitution reaction. Density functional theory calculations suggest the substitution with isocyanides to take place via a stepwise addition/elimination mechanism. In the case of carbon monoxide, the reaction proceeds through an unusual concerted exchange at a vinylidene carbon center. The vinylidene ketenes react with carbon disulfide via a four-membered thiete intermediate to give vinylidene thioketenes under release of COS. We present spectroscopic as well as structural data for the complete isoelectronic series (R2C═C═X; X = N2, CO, CNR, CS) including 1J(13C-13C) data. As N2, CO, and isocyanides belong to the archetypical ligands in transition-metal chemistry, this process can be interpreted in analogy to coordination chemistry as a ligand exchange reaction at a vinylidene carbon center.

A new approach for the annulation of a thiopyrane ring to an indole core under mild conditions was developed. Treating 2-methyl-3-acylindoles with lithium diisopropyl amide leads to the elimination of a proton from the 2-methyl group. The lithium indole-2,3-dienolates obtained were found to react with CS2 to give the corresponding thiopyrano[4,3-b]indole-3(5H)-thiones. The mechanism represents a stepwise addition through ion-pair formation, according to PCM/B3LYP/6-311++G**, PBE1PBE/6-311++G**, and MP2//HF/6-311++G** quantum chemical calculations. AIM calculations revealed the essential role of the Li atom at all stages of the process.

A transition-metal-free one-pot three-component annulation between diaryliodonium triflates, cyclic and acyclic aliphatic amines, and carbon disulfide providing a convenient and efficient access to biologically relevant S-aryl dithiocarbamates is developed. The reaction does not require metal, base, or any other additive and operates under mild and ambient conditions. This methodology is robust, scalable, and exhibits a broad substrate scope. The in silico analysis revealed that the majority of the compounds have a drug-likeness and good ADMET characteristics.

Carbon disulfide is an archetypal double-bonded molecule belonging to the class of group IV-group VI, AB2 compounds. It is widely believed that, upon compression to several GPa at room temperature and above, a polymeric chain of type (-(C═S)-S-)n, named Bridgman's black polymer, will form. By combining optical spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data with ab initio simulations, we demonstrate that the structure of this polymer is different. Solid molecular CS2 polymerizes at ∼10-11 GPa. The polymer is disordered and consists of a mixture of 3-fold (C3) and 4-fold (C4) coordinated carbon atoms with some C═C double bonds. The C4/C3 ratio continuously increases upon further compression to 40 GPa. Upon decompression, structural changes are partially reverted, while the sample also undergoes partial disproportionation. Our work uncovers the nontrivial high-pressure structural evolution in one of the simplest molecular systems exhibiting molecular as well as polymeric phases.

Petroleum ether, carbon disulfide, methanol, acetone, and acetone/carbon disulfide were selected as solvents for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of acid-washed Hefeng sub-bituminous coal. The extract and residue were identified as Ei and Ri (i=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) for each stage. By FT-IR characterization of Ei and Ri, molecular structure of the extracted product was analyzed by means of segmented peak fitting. The results show that the hydroxy hydrogen bond in the fifth-order extract is dominated by self-associating hydroxy hydrogen bond; in aliphatic substances, only E3 was dominated by aliphatic–CH3 and asymmetric –CH2 stretching vibration, while the other extracts were dominated by symmetric and asymmetric –CH2 stretching vibration. E1 is dominated by symmetric bending vibration of aliphatic chain terminal –CH3 and asymmetric deformation vibration of –CH3 and –CH2, indicating that petroleum ether mainly break the easily dissociated chemical bonds in coal samples; CS2 dissolve a higher proportion of aromatic structure containing aliphatic side chains. The functional groups contained in the five residues are the same, indicating that the main structure of the coal sample is not changed due to the stepwise extraction. Extraction has an obvious influence on aromatic structure and hydroxy hydrogen bond in the residue. Aromatic structures change from di-substituted benzene dominant to tetra-substituted benzene dominant. Before extraction, the hydroxyl hydrogen bond in the acid-washed coal sample was dominated by hydroxyl ether hydrogen bonds, and after extraction, it was transformed into self-associated hydroxyl ones. In addition, sequential extraction has little effect on oxygen-containing functional groups and aliphatic functional groups. By comparing structural parameters, it is found that E1, E3, and R5 has a higher degree of aromatic condensation, and E4 has a longer straight-chain and less branched chain.

The Industrial Safety and Health Act in Japan has established guideline values for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor workplace air; however, because the physicochemical properties of these VOCs are diverse, appropriate analytical methods have not yet been developed. Here we performed recovery tests to simultaneously measure VOCs and to optimize the analytical parameters (the extraction solvents and their mixture ratio) of a commercial activated carbon–silica gel active sampler. In the recovery tests, 46 VOCs were added to the adsorbents of the sampler (activated carbon and silica gel) at three concentration levels relative to the guideline values (0.5×, 1×, and 2×); we then extracted the VOCs from the absorbents by using various mixtures of acetone and carbon disulfide. The mixture comprising 80% acetone and 20% carbon disulfide was the best solvent overall for extracting the 46 tested VOCs from the adsorbents in the sampler; this mixture achieved adequate recovery rates (within the range of 80 to 120%) for 40 (87%) of the targeted VOCs.

High values of ozone (O3) occur frequently in the dry spring season; thus, understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in spring is of great significance for preventing O3 pollution. In this study, a total of 101 VOCs from April 16 to May 21, 2019, were quantified using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GCMS/FID). The results indicated that the observed concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 30.4 ± 17.0 ppbv, and it was dominated by alkanes (44.3%), followed by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (17.4%), halocarbons (12.7%), aromatics (9.5%), alkenes (8.2%), acetylene (5.3%) and carbon disulfide (2.5%). The average mixing ratio of VOCs showed obvious diurnal variation (high at night, low during daytime). We conducted a source apportionment study based on 32 major VOCs using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and coal + biomass burning (25.2%), diesel exhaust (16.0%), gasoline exhaust + evaporation (17.4%), secondary + long-lived species (16.7%), biogenic sources (4.3%), industrial emissions (9.3%) and solvent use (11.2%) were identified as major sources of VOCs. In addition to local emissions, most of the atmospheric VOCs were derived from long-distance air masses (65.7%), and the average mixing ratio of VOCs in the northwest direction was 29.4 ppbv. Combined with the results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) indicate that research should focus on the local emissions of combustion, transportation sources and solvents usage to control atmospheric VOCs. Additionally, transmission of the northwest air mass is an important component that cannot be ignored during spring in Beijing.

An electrochemical synthesis of organic polysulfides through sulfur insertion from elemental sulfur to disulfides or thiols is introduced. The highly economic, low‐sensitive and low‐priced reaction gives a mixture of polysulfides, whose distribution can be influenced by the addition of different amounts of carbon disulfide as co‐solvent. To describe the variable distribution function of the polysulfides, a novel parameter, the “absorbance average sulfur amount in polysulfides” (SAP) was introduced and defined on the basis of the “number average molar mass” used in polymer chemistry. Various organic polysulfides were synthesized with variable volume fractions of carbon disulfide, and the yield of each polysulfide was determined by quantitative 13C NMR. Moreover, by using two symmetrical disulfides or a disulfide and a thiol as starting materials, a mixture of symmetrical and asymmetrical polysulfides could be obtained., Electrifying Sulfur! The electrolysis of organic disulfides in dichloromethane led to the formation of organic polysulfides with a high incorporation of additional sulfur atoms. HPLC/HRMS analysis of the reaction mixture could identify products up to undecasulfides. When CS2 was used as co‐solvent the distribution of the organic polysulfide mixture was altered in favor of the lower polysulfides, such as tri‐ and tetrasulfides.

A convenient method of synthesis of fused heterocyclic systems, involving cyclization of the reaction products of 2-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with triphosgene, chloroacetyl chloride, and oxalyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 in carbon disulfide or dichloroethane.

Using the method of classical molecular dynamics the tribological properties are studied of one molecular layer of liquid carbon disulfide, pressed by two atomically smooth diamond surfaces. We tre...

Regenerated cellulose fibers represent an important class of bioderived commercial fibers. The traditional viscose process requires the use of environmentally harmful carbon disulfide solvent to pr...

We investigated the synthesis of poly(carbon sulfide) by electroreductive polymerization of CS2. For example, a polymer was obtained in 10% yield as a black solid consisting of both crystal and amo...

We report on the synthesis of C60 and C70 monoadducts at room temperature through the Bingel reaction; employing acetylacetone as ligand; in presence of DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene), carbon tetrabromide (CBr4), and o-dichlorobenzene. Diacetylmethane-[C60-Ih]-fullerene-[5,6] and diacetylmethane-[C70-D5h]-fullerene-[5,6] monoadducts were obtained with yields of 69% and 44%, respectively. The products were purified by column chromatography (CC, on silica gel, using hexane, carbon disulfide, and chloroform as eluents at room temperature) and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopies, Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass spectrometry, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Osteryoung Square Wave Voltammetry (OSWV). Both compounds showed irreversible reduction peaks controlled by diffusion, with LUMO energy levels of -3.09 eV, -3.13 eV for C60, and C70 monoadducts, respectively. These values are comparable with the -3.99 eV of PC61BM. The synthetized adducts were incorporated into inverted-type perovskite solar cells and were used as electron transporting materials (ETM) obtaining power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 8.5% and 14.0% for the C60 and C70 monoadducts, respectively. When C60 is replaced by a lower symmetrical fullerene such as C70 an improved light absorption in the visible region is observed.

In recent years, multicomponent reactions with inorganic and organic sulfur compounds as one of reactants have achieved a remarkable development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the multicomponent reactions involving sulfur components, which include elemental sulfur, sodium metabisulfite, sodium hyposulfite, potassium pyrosulfite, DABSO, sodium sulfide, thiocyanate, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide and other divalent, tetravalent and hexavalent organosulfur compounds.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a highly volatile neurotoxic species. It is known to cause atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease and contributes significantly to sulfur-based pollutants. Therefore, effective detection and capture of carbon disulfide represents an important aspect of research efforts for the protection of human and environmental health. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of two strongly luminescent and robust isoreticular metal organic frameworks (MOFs) Zr6(µ3-O)4(OH)8(tcbpe)2(H2O)4 (here termed 1) and Zr6(µ3-O)4(OH)8(tcbpe-f)2(H2O)4 (here termed 2) and their use as fluorescent sensors for the detection of carbon disulfide. Both MOFs demonstrate a calorimetric bathochromic shift in the optical bandgap and strong luminescence quenching upon exposure to carbon disulfide. The interactions between carbon disulfide and the frameworks are analyzed by in-situ infrared spectroscopy and computational modelling by density functional theory. These results reveal that both the Zr metal node and organic ligand act as the preferential binding sites and interact strongly with carbon disulfide.

Xanthates are widely used in mining industry as collectors for its high affinity towards metal sulfides and precious metal ores. The possibility of using alginate for xanthation has not been explored yet despite the feasibility by the presence of hydroxyl groups alongside the polymeric chains. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the alginate as a matrix for xanthation and its application on heavy metal ions removal. In order to obtain green materials, important pararmeter were explored such as the effect of reaction time (4–12 h), type of base (NaOH/KOH) and amount of carbon disulfide (2–10%v/v). Xanthated alginates were analyzed by NMR techniques and evidence of β-elimination was detected at 5.45 ppm. Furthermore, the presence of S element was confirmed by EDS mapping technique, while XRD showed a semi-crystalline structure. On the other hand, the chemical shifts of δ(C=S) and ν(C=S) bands were found around 863–805 cm−1 and 662–602 cm−1 respectively. Also, a shoulder at 182 ppm is appreciated by NMR in solid state attributed to C S group. According to FESEM analyses, morphology of xanthated alginates is affected by interaction with heavy metal ions. Finally, suitable materials for the removal of heavy metal ions were established at optimum pH values.

В основу роботи поставлено завдання створити спосіб газифікації твердого подрібненого палива, в якому внаслідок єдності процесу напівкоксування вугілля і газифікації напівкоксу, зв'язаного спільним контуром циркуляції твердого теплоносія, забезпечують простоту управління процесом і його стійкість, а знешкодження шкідливих речовин, які утворюються у процесі напівкоксування і газифікації палива, здійснюють допалюванням залишкових горючих речовин золи з надлишком повітря вище від стехіометричного значення. Поставлене завдання вирішують тим, що згідно з запропонованим способом газифікації твердого подрібненого палива, який полягає у попередньому підсушуванні та напівкоксуванні з подальшою газифікацією гарячого напівкоксу на паро-кисневому, або паро-повітряному дутті і очищенням генераторного газу від частинок коксу і золи, згідно з винаходом, здійснюють підсушування і напівкоксування палива у реакторі напівкоксування за рахунок тепла суміші гарячої золи і коксу, які виділяють з потоку генераторного газу під час його очищення, а гарячі гази і пари смол змішують з потоком гарячого генераторного газу для подальшої газифікації смол, напівкокс, який отримують після напівкоксування палива, газифікують у циркулюючому псевдозрідженому шарі, а частинки золи, після газифікації напівкоксу, подають на допалювання залишкових горючих і термічного знешкодження шкідливих речовин з надлишком повітря вище стехіометричного. Єдність процесу напівкоксування вугілля і газифікації напівкоксу, зв'язаного спільним контуром циркуляції твердого теплоносія, забезпечує простоту управління процесом і його стійкість. Потік золи, після газифікації напівкоксу, направляють на допалювання залишкових горючих речовин та вогневого знешкодження шкідливих речовин (фенолів, CaSO3, сірковуглецю та ін.). У процесі допалювання знешкоджують шкідливі хімічні сполуки, які утворилися на стадії напівкоксування і газифікації палива, захоплені зі золою (феноли, сірковуглець та ін.).

Thiazolidine-2-thiones were prepared via a novel multicomponent reaction of primary amines (amino acids), carbon disulfide, and γ-bromocrotonates. The reaction proceeds via a domino alkylation/intramolecular Michael addition to provide the corresponding thiazolidine-2-thiones in high to excellent yields. By using diamines in this protocol, bis(thiazolidine-2-thiones) derivatives were synthesized. The synthetic utility of the adducts was demonstrated by hydrolysis, amidation, and oxidation reactions.

A novel kind of highly efficient photoanode was constructed with a SbSI/WO3 heterostructurefabricated through two hydrothermal reactions followed by an iodination reaction (WO3 → Sb2S3/WO3 → SbSI/WO3). After optimizing the solvent [carbon disulfide (CS2)] for SbI3, the SbSI(CS2)/WO3 photoanode shows high-density single-crystalline SbSI nanorods growing along the polar [001] direction on WO3 nanoplates, resulting in excellent photocurrent performance (∼2.1 mA cm−2@1.23 V vs. RHE) and an improved photostability. It is evidenced that the higher crystallinity of SbSI has a positive effect on the photostability of the constructed SbSI/WO3 photoanodes.

The hydride‐bridged silylium cation [Et3Si−H−SiEt3]+, stabilized by the weakly coordinating [Me3NB12Cl11]− anion, undergoes, in the presence of excess silane, a series of unexpected consecutive reactions with the valence‐isoelectronic molecules CS2 and CO2. The final products of the reaction with CS2 are methane and the previously unknown [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation. To gain insight into the entire reaction cascade, numerous experiments with varying conditions were performed, intermediate products were intercepted, and their structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Besides the [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation as the final product, crystal structures of [(Et3Si)2SMe]+, [Et3SiS(H)Me]+, and [Et3SiOC(H)OSiEt3]+ were obtained. Experimental results combined with supporting quantum‐chemical calculations in the gas phase and solution allow a detailed understanding of the reaction cascade., The valence‐isolectronic three‐atomic molecules CS2 and CO2 react in a series of consecutive reactions with the hydride‐bridged silylium cation [Et3Si−H−SiEt3]+ to give a number of new silyl‐substituted sulfonium or oxonium ions, respectively. Crystal structure determinations and quantum‐chemical calculations give detailed insight into the reaction cascade (see scheme).

2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (M1) was prepared by the cyclization of thiosemicarbazide with carbon disulfide and anhydrous sodium carbonate in ethanol. The compound (M1) was used as precursor to react with different aromatic aldehydes to yield hydrazones (M2-M4). Thereafter, hydrazones (M2-M4) is reacted with chloro acetyl chloride to obtain 5-(sub. benzylidene) amino]-2-thioacetyl chloride-1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds (M5–M7). The compounds (M8–M10) and (M11–M13) were synthesized by the reaction of compounds (M5–M7) with benzotriazole or Indole, respectively. All the synthesized compounds were identified according to their physical properties, spectroscopic data (FT-IR). At the same time, some of these prepared compounds were identified by the use of 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition to the systematic identification of some active functional groups in these compounds. Biological activity for some of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against two types of bacterial and two types of fungal.

Introduction. Phenolic compounds that are part of a variety of phytopreparations have an anti-radical and antioxidant effect. Aim. Studying the influence of carbon disulfide intoxication on the rat blood biochemical parameters and the possibility of their correction with natural plant phenolic compounds from viburnum. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on white Wistar male rats. Carbon disulfide intoxication (concentration 2.0 mg/m3) was implemented in a special exposure chamber. The animals were divided into 5 groups: the 1st group was control (intact rats); the 2nd group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks; the 3rd group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks, followed by discontinuation for 7 days; the 4th group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks, followed by administration of the viburnum extract for 7 days; the 5th group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks, followed by silymarin administration for 7 days. The drugs were administered at a dose of 100 mg of total phenols per kilogram of animal weight. Results. Carbon disulfide intoxication was accompanied by the development of intense hypercholesterolemia; an increase in the fraction of low-density lipoproteins with simultaneous decrease in high-density lipoproteins in blood serum. There was an increase in the level of malondialdehyde, decrease in the superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione amount, which indicates the depletion of the body’s antioxidant defense system. During the withdrawal period of carbon disulfide intoxication for 7 days, the blood biochemical parameters did not recover, which indicates the preservation of free-radical processes. The administration of the viburnum extract and the comparison drug, silymarin, was accompanied by a recovery to the control group level of blood biochemical parameters after carbon disulfide intoxication. Conclusion. The toxic effect of carbon disulfide causes a change in the studied blood biochemical parameters. The administration of the viburnum extract and silymarin was accompanied by their restoration to the level of the control group, but a more pronounced effect was observed in the viburnum extract due to the presence of oligomeric forms of polyphenols in its composition.

An operationally simple and convenient synthesis method toward a series of diverse spiro[4.4]thiadiazole derivatives via double [3 + 2] 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines generated in situ from hydrazonyl chlorides with carbon disulfide has been achieved under mild reaction conditions.

The title compounds, 3,3′,3″,3′′′-[methylenebis(oxybenzene-5,1,3-triyl)]tetrakis(6,8-diaryl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazepines), were synthesized starting from dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate which was reacted with dibromomethane to obtain tetramethyl 5,5′-[methylenebis(oxy)]di(benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate). The latter was treated with excess hydrazine hydrate, and the resulting tetrahydrazide was converted to tetrakis-1,2,4-triazolyl derivative via cyclization with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrazine hydrate. In the final stage, cyclocondensation with substituted chalcones afforded the target products. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by elemental analyses and FT-IR and NMR spectra, and their antimicrobial activities against some bacterial and fungal strains were estimated by the disc diffusion method.

Sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide are important decomposition products of insulating gas sulfur hexafluoride, and their types and contents are of great significance for the fault diagnosis of SF6 insulated equipment. In this paper, a method of combining ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and least squares fitting is proposed for the quantitative calculation of sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide mixed gases. All three gases have absorption peaks in the ultraviolet band and they overlap with each other which makes it hard to determinate the concentrations of the three gases directly. During the experiment, we found that high concentrations of sulfur dioxide and carbon disulfide interfered with the hydrogen sulfide calculation and the magnitude of this interference was positively correlated with these two gas concentrations. Therefore, we found a modified equation for the correction of hydrogen sulfide. Combined with this equation, accurate quantitative detection of three gases can be achieved. The detection ranges are 0.5–10 parts per million for sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and 10–300 parts per billion for carbon disulfide. This paper provides a simple and efficient detection method, which is convenient for integration into detection equipment and it provides a support method for the diagnosis of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition gases.

Hanglaiwan subbituminous coal (HSBC) was subjected to solvent extraction (SE) with an isometric carbon disulfide/acetone mixed solvent (IMCDSAMS) to obtain a residue (RSE). Thermal dissolution (TD)...

Significance: Bioactive sulfur species such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), persulfide species (R-SnSH, n ≥ 1), hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n ≥ 2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon disulfide (CS2) parti...

CS2/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) could extract much more substance from coals than any other solvents. Investigation on the molecular composition of CS2/NMP extracts from lignite is significant for the understanding of high extraction yield and the clean utilization of coal. The methanol-soluble portions from lignites and CS2/NMP extracts of lignites were characterized by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The yield of CS2/NMP extracts from lignite was quite higher than that of methanol extracts. Furthermore, the yield of methanol-soluble portions from CS2/NMP extracts was far more than that of methanol extracts from lignite. At the level of molecular composition, the relative content of heteroatom compounds with more oxygen atoms, longer side chain, and higher condensation in the CS2/NMP extract was also higher than that in the methanol extract. Despite great difference in the yield and the relative content of components, the distributions of species, molecular weight, carbon number, and double-bond equivalent were similar to those of most organic molecules for the methanol extract and methanol-soluble portions from the CS2/NMP extract. These phenomena suggested that organic molecules with similar structure but different composition, nonuniformly distributed in the coal matrix, were released more in the CS2/NMP extract compared to the single methanol extract.