1. Staphylococcal infection prevention using antibiotic‐loaded mannitol–chitosan paste in a rabbit model of implant‐associated osteomyelitis
- Author
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J. Amber Jennings, Karen E. Beenken, Joel D. Bumgardner, Mark S. Smeltzer, Zoe L. Harrison, Leslie Pace, Madison N. Brown, and Warren O. Haggard
- Subjects
0206 medical engineering ,Biocompatible Materials ,02 engineering and technology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Bone tissue ,Article ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Microbiology ,Chitosan ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Vancomycin ,medicine ,Animals ,Mannitol ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Titanium ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Biomaterial ,Osteomyelitis ,Staphylococcal Infections ,Bone cement ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Amikacin ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Rabbits ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Antibiotic-loaded chitosan pastes have shown advantages in treatment and coverage of complex musculoskeletal defects. We added mannitol, previously shown to increase antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm, to an injectable chitosan/polyethylene glycol paste for delivery of antibiotics. Ground sponges (0.85% acetic acid solution, 1% chitosan, 0% or 2% mannitol, 1% polyethylene glycol) were hydrated using phosphate buffered saline with 10 mg/ml amikacin and 10 mg/ml vancomycin added to form pastes. We inoculated rabbit radial defects with 105 colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus (UAMS-1) and inserted titanium pins into cortical bone. Groups compared included mannitol blend pastes, non-mannitol blends, antibiotic-loaded bone cement, vancomycin powder, and no treatment controls. We harvested tissue samples and retrieved the pins retrieved at 3 weeks. All antibiotic-loaded groups lowered bacterial growth and CFU counts in soft and bone tissue and on titanium pins in in vivo studies. Results indicate this biomaterial is capable of eluting active antibiotic at concentrations that reduce bacterial growth on biomaterials and tissue, which in turn may prevent biofilm formation. Blends of chitosan and mannitol may be useful in prevention and treatment of osteomyelitis and implant-associated infections. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
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