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Актуальность исследования состоит в получении новых сведений о гидрогеологии и гидрогеохимии слабоизученных месторождений радоновых вод города Новосибирска на юге Западной Сибири. Новосибирск относится к числу тех немногих городов России, которые были заложены на гранитах - источнике эманации радона (222Rn). В геологическом отношении изучаемая территория приурочена к внутренней области крупного Новосибирского гранитоидного массива. Научных обобщений имеющегося фактического материала не проводилось. Цель: выявление особенностей гидрогеологического строения и гидрогеохимии месторождения радоновых вод «Каменское», изучение форм миграции химических элементов в водах и оценка степени их насыщения относительно ряда карбонатных, сульфатных и силикатных минералов. Методы. Отбор проб выполнялся в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Обобщение и анализ гидрогеохимических данных проводилось с применением программных средств Microsoft Excel, STATISTICA, SURFER, Grid Master. В среде программных комплексов Visual Minteq и WATEQ4f выполнены физико-химические расчеты форм миграции химических элементов в радоновых водах и степени их насыщения к ряду породообразующих минералов. Результаты: в гидрогеологическом разрезе месторождения радоновых вод «Каменское» геологоразведочными работами установлено два водоносных комплекса (сверху вниз): поровых вод четвертичных отложений и трещинно-жильных вод верхнепалеозойских гранитов. В условиях Центрального района города Новосибирска, где почти вся площадь поверхности покрыта асфальтом и занята под сооружения и инфильтрация атмосферных осадков осложнена, естественный режим питания подземных вод нарушен. Порово-пластовые воды четвертичных отложений, воды зоны региональной трещиноватости и трещинно-жильные воды верхнепалеозойских гранитов находятся в единой области смешения, на которую оказывают влияние процессы подтопления и антропогенного загрязнения. В этой связи в водоносном комплексе верхнепалеозойских гранитов выделяется две гидрогеохимической зоны: верхняя - воды зоны региональной трещиноватости в зоне подтопления в условиях антропогенного воздействия, и нижняя - трещинно-жильные минеральные радоновые воды. Минеральные радоновые трещинно-жильные воды гранитов, не подверженные антропогенному влиянию установлены в скв. 4п (интервал 73-74 м) и в скв. 16 на глубинах от 73 до 128 м. Они холодные собственно пресные HCO3 Na-Ca и HCO3 Na-Mg-Ca состава с величиной общей минерализации от 613,4 до 689,9 мг/дм3 с содержанием кремния 10,3-13,6 мг/дм3. Они характеризуются рН от нейтральных до слабощелочных (6,9-7,8), кислородно-азотным составом водорастворенных газов. Установленная активность 222Rn варьирует в диапазоне 1101-1570 Бк/дм3 (сильно радоновые воды по классификации Н. И. Толстихина); содержания: 238U от 5,6∙10-3 до 6,5∙10-3 мг/дм3 и 226Ra от 2,7∙10-9 до 1,8∙10-8 мг/дм3. С ростом общей минерализации радоновых вод доля простых катионных форм Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, Sr2+, Ba2+ в растворе уменьшается, это связано с образованием труднорастворимых карбонатных и сульфатных соединений. В радоновых водах формы Fe(II) представлены в виде Fe2+, FeHCO3+, FeCO3 0. Fe(III) мигрирует в форме положительно заряженных гидроксокомплексов Fe(OH)2 + и нейтральных Fe(OH)3 0. Среди форм миграции марганца доминирует простой катион Mn2+ (43,71-99,99 %), остальные формы представлены MnHCO3 + (9,89-28,27 %), MnCO3 0 (0,01-37,39), еще в меньшей степени MnSO4 0 (0,20-2,25 %), MnCl+ (0,04-1,12 %) и MnOH+ (0,01-0,05 %). Химические формы миграции тяжелых металлов (никеля и меди) представлены в виде свободных катионов (Ni2+, Cu2+), гидрокарбонатных (NiHCO3 -, CuHCO3 -) и карбонатных (NiCO3 0, CuCO3 0) комплексов. Медь также мигрирует в нейтральной форме Cu(OH)2 0. Бериллий (1 класс опасности) мигрирует в форме гидроксокомплекса Be(OH)2. Установленные особенности геохимических типов вод, долевого распределения форм и коэффициентов водной миграции химических элементов выявили усложнение состава равновесных минералов от сидерита, ферригидрита и гриналита в поверхностных водах до их насыщения кальцитом, доломитом, магнезитом, родохрозитом и тальком в трещинно-жильных водах верхнепалеозойских гранитов. Формы миграции химических элементов обуславливают механизмы растворения/осаждения минеральных соединений. The relevance of the research consists in obtaining new information on hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of underexplored fields Novosibirsk radon waters in the south of Western Siberia. Novosibirsk is one of those few cities in Russia that were laid on granites - a source of radon emanation (222Rn). The study area is confined to the inner area of the large Novosibirsk granitoid massif. There were no scientific generalizations of the available factual material. The aim of the research is to identify the features of the hydrogeological structure and hydrogeochemistry of the mineral hydro-radon occurrence «Kamenskoe» and to study the forms of migration of chemical elements and the saturation degree to minerals. Methods. Sampling was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Compilation and analysis of hydrogeochemical data was carried out using the software Microsoft Excel, STATISTICA, SURFER, Grid Master. In the environment of Visual Minteq and WATEQ4f software packages, physicochemical calculations of the migration forms of chemical elements in radon waters and the degree of their saturation to a number of rock-forming minerals were performed. Results. In the hydrogeological section of the «Kamenskoe» hydro-radon occurrence two aquifers: pore water of Quaternary aquifer and fissure-vein waters of Upper Paleozoic granites, were established (from top to bottom). In the central part of Novosibirsk, the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation is complicated, the natural regime of groundwater supply is disturbed. Pore-stratal waters of Quaternary sediments, waters of the zone of regional fracturing and fracture-vein waters of Upper Paleozoic granites are located in a common mixing area, which is influenced by flooding and anthropogenic pollution. Thus, in the water-bearing complex of the Upper Paleozoic granites, two hydrogeochemical zones are distinguished: the upper one is the waters of the regional fracturing zone in the flooding area under anthropogenic impact, and the lower one is the fractured-vein mineral radon waters. Mineral radon fissure-vein waters of granites are not subject to anthropogenic influence and are installed in well no. 4p (interval 73-74 m) and in well no. 16 at depths from 73 to 128 m. They are cold, fresh, HCO3 Na-Ca and HCO3 Na-Mg-Ca composition with TDS from 613,4 to 689,9 mg/dm3 and silicon content 10,3-13,6 mg/dm3 . They are characterized by pH from neutral to slightly alkaline (6,9-7,8) and oxygen-nitrogen composition of water-dissolved gases. The established activity of 222Rn varies in the range of 1101-1570 Bq/dm3 (strongly radon waters according to the classification of N.I. Tolstikhin); content: 238U from 5,6∙10-3 to 6,5∙10-3 mg/dm3 and 226Ra from 2,7∙10-9 to 1,8∙10-8 mg/dm3 . With an increase in the total mineralization of radon waters, the proportion of simple cationic forms of Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ , Sr2+, Ba2+ in solution decreases, which is associated with the formation of hardly soluble carbonate and sulfate compounds. In radon waters, Fe(II) forms are presented as Fe2+, FeHCO3 +, FeCO3 0. Ferrum (III) migrates in the form of positively charged hydroxo complexes Fe(OH)2 + and neutral Fe(OH)3 0. Among the forms of manganese migration, the simple cation Mn2+ (43,71-99,99 %) dominates, the remaining forms are represented by MnHCO3 + (9,89-28,27 %) and MnCO3 0 (0,01-37,39), to an even lesser extent MnSO4 0 (0,20-2,25 %), MnCl+ (0,04-1,12 %) and MnOH+ (0,01-0,05 %). The chemical forms of migration of heavy metals (nickel and copper) are presented in the form of free cations (Ni2+, Cu2+), hydrocarbonate (NiHCO3 -, CuHCO3 -) and carbonate (NiCO3 0, CuCO3 0) complexes. Copper also migrates in the neutral form Cu(OH)2 0. Beryllium (hazard class 1) migrates in the form of the hydroxo complex Be(OH)2. The established features of the geochemical types of waters, the proportional distribution of forms and coefficients of water migration of chemical elements revealed the complication of the composition of equilibrium minerals from siderite, ferrihydrite, and greenalite in surface waters to saturation with calcite, dolomite, magnesite, rhodochrosite, and talc in fractured vein waters of the Upper Paleozoic granites. The forms of migration of chemical elements determine the mechanisms of dissolution/precipitation of mineral compounds.

Актуальность исследования заключается в получении первых изотопно-геохимических данных о природных водах и вмещающих горных породах проявления слаборадоновых вод "Инские источники". Цель: изучить особенности химического состава природных вод и водовмещающих пород и получить первые сведения по суммарной [alpha]- и [beta]-активности природных вод, активности 222Rn и изотопному составу [delta]D, [delta]18O, [delta]13C, 234U, 238U, 226Ra и 228Ra. Методы. Отбор проб выполнялся в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Лабораторное изучение химического состава методами титриметрии, ионной хроматографии, масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой проводилось в ПНИЛ гидрогеохимии ИШПР ТПУ. Анализ комплекса изотопных соотношений [delta]D, [delta]18O, [delta]13СDIC вод и растворенного неорганического углерода проводился в центре коллективного пользования Института геологии и минералогии им. В. С. Соболева СО РАН с помощью прибора Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer FinniganTM MAT 253. Данные по суммарной [alpha]- и [beta]-активности природных вод, а также активностях 234U, 238U, 226Ra и 228Ra получены с помощью гамма-спектрометрии и альфаспектрометрии (после предварительной радиохимической пробоподготовки). Результаты. В 2019 г. в 35 км от г. Новосибирска, вдали от известных гранитных массивов, открыто проявление слаборадоновых вод "Инские источники”, относящееся к водам зоны региональной трещиноватости. В настоящей работе приводятся первые результаты их геохимических исследований. Установлено, что воды источников умеренно пресные HCO3 MgCa состава с величиной общей минерализации от 389 до 536 мг/дм3 с содержаниями кремния 4,14-8,61 мг/дм3 . Они характеризуются рН от нейтральных до слабощелочных (7,1-8,4), окислительной геохимической обстановкой с Eh +205,3-+231,8 мВ и содержанием О2 раств. 6,24-12,26 мг/дм3 . Установленная активность 222Rn варьирует в диапазоне 7-149 Бк/дм3 ; содержания: 238U от 2,83∙10-3 до 4,13∙10-3 мг/дм3 и 232Th от 2,39∙10-6 до 1,16∙10-5 мг/дм3 . По изотопному составу воды имеют инфильтрационное происхождение. Диапазон значений [delta]18O в водах меняется от -17,1 до -16,7 ‰ со значениями [delta]D от -128,4 до -126,2 ‰ и вариацией [delta]13C от -13,1 до -10,3 ‰. Вмещающие породы представлены глинистыми сланцами темно-серого (до черного), иногда серого цвета, с небольшой примесью алевритового, песчано-алевритового материала. Изотопный состав кальцита вмещающих пород характеризуется близкими значениями: [delta]13C варьирует от -3,1 до -2,7 ‰, [delta]18O - от 17,2 до 18,4 ‰. Выветрелые глинистые сланцы характеризуются облегчением по [delta]13C (до -11,0 ‰) и по [delta]18O (до 13,9 ‰). Также эти образцы по результатам геохимических исследований характеризуется существенным снижением (в несколько раз) содержания всех элементов-примесей (кроме U), свидетельствующим об активном взаимодействии вод с вмещающими породами. The relevance of the research lies in obtaining the first isotope-geochemical data on natural waters and host rocks of the "Inskie springs" occurrence of low-radon waters. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of chemical composition of natural waters and water-bearing rocks and obtain the first information on the total [alpha]- and [beta]-activity of natural waters, the activity of 222Rn and the isotopic composition of [delta]D, [delta]18O, [delta]13С, 234U, 238U, 226Ra and 228Ra. Methods. Sampling was carried out in accordance with generally accepted techniques. Laboratory study of the chemical composition by titrimetry, ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was carried out at the Problem Research Laboratory of Hydrogeochemistry of the TPU School of Natural Resources. The analysis of the complex of isotopic ratios [delta]D, [delta]18O, [delta]13CDIC of waters and dissolved inorganic carbon was carried out at the Center for Collective Use of the IGM SB RAS using the Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer FinniganTM MAT 253. Data on the total [alpha]- and [beta]-activity of natural waters, as well as the activities of 234U, 238U, 226Ra и 228Ra were obtained using gamma and alpha spectrometry (after preliminary radiochemical sample preparation). Results. In 2019, 35 km from Novosibirsk, far from the known granite massifs, the "Inskie springs" occurrence of low-radon waters was discovered, referring to the waters of the regional fracture zone. The work presents the first results of their geochemical studies. The waters are moderately fresh HCO3 Mg-Ca with a total mineralization from 389 to 536 mg/dm3 with a silicon content of 4,14-8,61 mg/dm3 . They are characterized by pH from neutral to slightly alkaline (7,1-8,4), oxidative geochemical environment with Eh +205,3 -+231,8 mV and O2dissolved content of 6,24-12,26 mg/dm3 . The activity of 222Rn varies in the range of 7-149 Bq/dm3 ; contents: 238U from 2,83∙10-3 to 4,13∙10-3 mg/dm3 and 232Th from 2,39∙10-6 to 1,16∙10-5 mg/dm3 . According to the isotopic composition, the origin of water is infiltration. The range of δ18O values in waters varies from -17,1 to -16,7 ‰ with [delta]D values from -128,4 to -126,2 ‰ and [delta]13C variation is in the range of -13,1 to -10,3 ‰. The host rocks are dark gray (to black) shales, sometimes gray, with a small admixture of silty and sandy-silty material. The isotopic composition of calcite in the host rocks is characterized by similar values: [delta]13C varies from -3,1 to -2,7 ‰, [delta]18O - from 17,2 to 18,4 ‰. Weathered clay shales are characterized by lower contents of [delta]13C (up to -11,0 ‰) and [delta]18O (up to 13,9 ‰). Also, according to the results of geochemical studies, these samples are characterized by a significant decrease in the content of all trace elements (except for U), which indicates active interaction of waters with the host rocks.

The present work is devoted to the studies of behavior of porous spherical calcium carbonate vaterites (СаСО3) used as components of target drug delivery systems. The samples were implanted into rat muscle tissue and investigated in 3 days, 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks after operation. It was demonstrated that structural transformation and bioresorption of the implanted carriers occurred over time. In 3 days after implantation, spherical structures rearranged to form needle-like objects, which underwent complete bioresorption during the following two weeks. No pathogenic impact of the samples on the surrounding tissues was revealed, which confirms safety of СаСО3 vaterites; thus, vaterites can be recommended for further studies as components of target drug delivery systems.

The effects of the nuclear structure from two-photon exchange amplitudes in the hyperfine structure of P-states in muonic ions of lithium, beryllium, and boron are calculated. The operator of particle interaction in momentum space is constructed using the method of projection operators on states with certain total momenta of the atom F and muon J. Corrections to the nucleus structure are expressed in terms of electromagnetic form factors of nuclei and nuclear charge radii.

The interval of a large structure of energy spectrum (1S–2S) in muonic helium and hydrogen is calculated using a quasi-potential method in quantum electrodynamics. Corrections of the order α4, α5, and α6 determined by relativistic effects, vacuum polarization effects, nuclear structure and recoil, as well as by combined corrections including those listed above, are taken into account. The nuclear structure effects are expressed in terms of the charge radius of nuclei in the case of the one-photon interaction and electromagnetic form factors of nuclei in the case of the two-photon interaction. Numerical values obtained for the (1S–2S) interval can be used for comparison with future experimental data and for more accurate determination of the charge radii of nuclei.

Purpose of the study – to evaluate the antibacterial activity and biological compatibility of alloy coatings based on two-dimensionally ordered linear chain carbon (TDOLCC).Materials and Methods. Coatings based on TDOLCC were synthesized using alloying additions like nitrogen (TDOLCC+N) and silver (TDOLCC+Ag) on the surfaces of titanium plates and polystyrene plates by the ion-stimulated carbon condensation in a vacuum. The authors examined the superficial bactericidal activity of the coatings and its resistance to mechanical effects. Coated plates were evaluated in respect of rate of microbial biofilms formation by clinical isolates with multiple and extreme antibiotic resistance. Specimens were colored with crystal violet solution to visualize the biofilms. Cytotoxic effect of coatings was evaluated in respect of primary culture of fibroblasts and keratinocyte cell line HaCaT.Results. The authors observed pronounced superficial bactericidal effect of TDOLCC+Ag coating in respect of microorganisms of several taxonomic groups independently of their resistance to antibacterial drugs. TDOLCC+Ag coating proved capable to completely prevent microbial biofilm formation by antibiotic resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Silvercontaining coating demonstrated mechanical resistance and preservation of close to baseline level of superficial bactericidal activity even after lengthy abrasion treatment. TDOLCC based coatings did not cause any cytotoxic effects. Structure of monolayers formed in cavities coated by TDOLCC+N and TDOLCC+Ag was indistinguishable from the monolayers in cavities of control plates.

Results of the studies into the features of the geochemistry of radon waters from the Zaeltovsky-Mochishche zone of Novosibirsk city are reported. Radon waters are fracture, cold with the temperature of 6-10 оC, they occur at a depth of 50-200 m. In the hydrogeological section, neutral and weakly alkaline waters are developed, with рН from 6,9 to 7,8, mainly with the calcium hydrocarbonate and calcium-sodium hydrocarbonate composition, with total mineralization from 322 to 895 mg/dm3. The concentrations of 222Rn in water-saturated zones of granites vary from 308 to 1521 Bq/dm3, while in the wells drilled into hornstones radon content varies within the range 37-241 Bq/dm3. The concentrations of 238U and 226Ra do not exceed 0.098 mg/dm3 and 3.5∙10-7 mg/dm3, respectively.

A brief analysis of the state of knowledge of radon waters in the vicinity of the city of Novosibirsk is given. The main studies of the composition of radon waters were carried out in the 70–80s of the last century by the efforts of «Novosibirskgeologiya»; 12 deposits of radon waters were identified.To date, there are no scientific publications on the synthesis of data obtained more than 40 years ago. In this regard, the task of studying the radon waters of the largest Siberian metropolis at the current level is extremely urgent.

The study aims at solving the fundamental and applied problems of hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of the Zaeltsovsko-Mochishchensky zone of radon waters in the northwestern district of the city of Novosibirsk. Novosibirsk is one of the few Russian cities built on granites that emit radon (222Rn). In geological terms, the study area is confined to the NW near-contact zone of the large Novosibirsk granitoid massif. The available data on radon in this area has not been scientifically consolidated yet. We used the methods of S.L. Shvartsev, N.M. Kruglikov, V.V. Nelyubin, O.N. Yakovlev, and V.M. Matusevich and software packages Visual Minteq, PhreeqC, WATEQ4f and HG-32 and obtained physical and chemical calculations for the forms of migration of trace elements in radon waters and estimated the degrees of radon water saturation with rock-forming minerals. The data from hydrogeological profiles and hydrogeochemical sampling (118 samples from 57 water wells and sources) were analyzed. Radon waters are fissure-type, cold (6–10 °С) and occur at a depth of 50–200 m. By their chemical composition (according to the classification proposed by S.А. Shchukarev), the waters are mainly hydro-carbonate calcium and hydro-carbonate calcium-sodium; the total mineralization amounts to 322–895 mg/dm3. All the water wells drilled in granites and near-contact hornfels were tested for radon. It is revealed that the 222Rn concentration in water varies widely, from 11 to 801 Bq/dm3. Therefore, such waters are classified as low-radon and moderate-radon mineral waters (according to the classification proposed by N.I. Tolstikhin). In the wells drilled in hornfels, the 222Rn concentration in water is 37–241 Bq/dm3. The concentrations of 238U and 226Ra do not exceed 0.098 and 1.9∙10–9 mg/dm3, respectively. Physicochemical simulation shows that Ag+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Fe2+ migrate mainly as free ions, while Be2+, Fe3+, Zr4+, Ti4+ migrate as hydroxide complexes. Uranium is mainly present in uranyl-carbonate complexes of calcium: Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) (61–75 %) and CaUO2(CO3)32– (25–36 %). Calculations show abundant saturation of the waters with calcite, dolomite, ferrihydrite, greenalite, hausmannite, manganite, quartz, rutile, siderite, lepidocrocite, goethite, and pyrolusite. The mineral phases, such as aragonite, barite, chalcedony, cristobalite, vaterite, and amorphous silicon dioxide are in equilibrium. Several samples show saturation of the waters with relatively rare phosphorus-containing minerals: hydroxyapatite, manganese hydrogen phosphate, cerargyrite, and lead molybdate. The radon waters are not saturated with monohydrocalcite, calcium molybdate, celestite, chrysotile, copper hydroxide, copper molybdate, epsomite, huntite, amorphous and crystalline iron hydroxide (II), gypsum, iron molybdate (II), magnesite, lansfordite, Na-jarosite, nesquehonite, powellite, strontianite, tenorite, witherite, and zirconium dioxide.

Objective. To use an immunohistochemical method to study glutamine synthetase (GS)-synthesizing brain cells. Materials and methods. Enzyme was detected on frontal rat brain sections (n = 10) using mouse monoclonal antibodies. Specimens were analyzed by light and confocal laser microscopy. Results. GS was found to be expressed in all areas of the brain, mainly by two types of cells, with different structures and topographies. The main type of cell with immunopositive reactions to glial fibrillary acidic protein were identical to astrocytes. The other structural and locational type of cell differed from typical astrocytes. Conclusions. The data obtained here provide evidence that GS is not a selective marker for any particular population of rat brain cells.

In the present study we utilized h -BN nanoparticles (NPs) with different morphologies (hollow NPs with smooth surface (H-BNNPs), solid NPs with “pompon”-like or petalled structure (P-BNNPs), and globular NPs formed by numerous thin h -BN nanosheets (N-BNNPs)) as additives to PAO6 oil. Two sliding 100Cr6 surfaces were tested in the presence of PAO6+BNNP lubricants with 0.1% and 0.01% of BNNPs. The positive effect of BNNP additives increased along the row P-BNNPs → H-BNNPs → N-BNNPs. Utilization of N-BNNPs permitted to decrease noticeably the friction coefficient from 0.1 to 0.06 and reduce significantly the wear rate. In situ mechanical TEM tests were also performed to visualize and correlate the mechanical properties of individual h -BN NPs to their large-scale friction behavior.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase belonging to family 1, member L1 (Aldh1L1) is one of the most important enzymes called astrocytes that determine such important functions of these cells as participation in folate metabolism and inactivation of formiate in the CNS. The aim of this study was immunocytochemical detection of cells synthetizing Aldh1L1 in rat brain, and determination of their topography and morphology features. The brain of adult male Wistar rats (n=10) was used at the work. The material was fixed in zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde, a special fixative providing high preservation of antigenic determinants. It was shown that A ldh1L1 is detected in all brain anatomic structures. Among brain cells expressing Aldh1L1 macroglia cells - astrocytes and ep-endymocytes - were identified. In astrocytes the most intensive immunohistochemical reaction was observed in the endfeets of processes of these cells and in superficial astrocytes forming the superficial glial border membrane. In ependymocytes, the product of immune reaction was detected in the cytoplasm as numerous granules of various shapes and size (from 0.1x0.2 to 1.3X3.7 pm). The predominant localization of Aldh1L1 in brain cells involved in transport of substances through blood-brain, CSF-brain, and CSF-blood barriers allows one to expect that this protein will prove to be useful functional marker during experimental investigations of the CNS barrier system and evaluating the reaction of brain to toxic metabolic products of alcohol surrogates.

Mesoporous silver nanoparticles were easily synthesized through the bulk reduction of crystalline silver(I) oxide and used for the preparation of highly porous surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrates. An analogous procedure was successfully performed for the production of mesoporous silver films by chemical reduction of oxidized silver films. The sponge-like silver blocks with high surface area and the in-situ-prepared mesoporous silver films are efficient as both analyte adsorbents and Raman signal enhancement mediators. The efficiency of silver reduction was characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The developed substrates were applied for SERS detection of rhodamine 6G (enhancement factor of about 1–5 × 105) and an anti-ischemic mildronate drug (meldonium; enhancement factor of ≈102) that is known for its ability to increase the endurance performance of athletes.

The contribution of the quadrupole interaction to the hyperfine structure of the spectrum of the energy of muonic lithium, beryllium, and boron ions is calculated within the quasipotential method in quantum electrodynamics. The numerical results obtained improve previous calculations due to the consideration of new corrections. They can be used for comparison with future experimental data.

Results of the investigation of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 222 Rn content in the natural waters of Novosibirsk city and adjacent territories are presented for the first time. Hydraulic interrelations between the aquifer systems of Quaternary, Neogene and Paleogene sediments, Upper Devonian – Lower Carboniferous sediments and Upper Paleozoic granites predetermined the features of hydrogeological structure. Twenty-five chemical types of water were established, with the domination of HCO 3 Mg–Ca, HCO3 Na–Mg–Ca and SO4–HCO3 Na–Mg–Ca. The amount of total dissolved solids varies from 127 to 1848 mg l−1, pH from neutral to alkaline (6.9–9.5). The values of Eh vary from reductive −157 mV (O2dissolved = 0.3 mg l−1) to oxidative +280 mV (O2dissolved = 19.4 mg l−1). Silicon content varies from 0,14 to 11,77 mg l−1 . The ranges within which the concentrations of radioactive elements vary in natural waters are: radon ( 222Rn) 0–1216 Bq.l−1, uranium (238U) 9.75∙10−8 – 0.098 mg l−1, thorium (232Th) 2.2∙10−7 – 2.1∙10−3 and radium ( 226Ra) 1.6∙10−12 – 3,5∙10−7 mg l−1. The maximal content of these elements in the waters of boundary territories reach 222Rn – 43,764 Bq.l−1, 238U–6.5 mg l−1 and 226Ra – 3.7∙10−7 mg l−1. The 232Th/238U ratio is 4.20∙10−5 – 2.96. The concentrations of uranium and thorium in the geological objects of Novosibirsk vary within the ranges (mg.kg−1): 238U = 1.6–3.6 and 232Th = 5.55–13.6 for sedimentary rocks, and 238U = 0.2–47.2 and 232 Th = 0.8–44.1 in intrusive formations. It is established that waters with high radon content relate to the aquiferous zones of Upper Devonian - Lower Carboniferous shale rocks and hornfels , as well as Upper Paleozoic granites. The highest concentrations of radionuclides are characteristic of the aqueous scattering halos of the uranium ore deposit .

International audience; We have developed advanced folate bonded to boron nitride (BN) nanocarriers with a high potential for targeted drug delivery. The folic acid (FA) molecules were successfully conjugated to BN nanoparticles (BNNPs) in three consecutive stages (i) FA preactivation by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), (ii) BNNP modification by AgNPs and their further NH2-functionalization with L-cysteine, and (iii) final conjugation of activated FA to modified BNNPs. To shed light on the FA-BNNPs binding mechanism, detailed energetic analysis of the atomic structure and stability of the FA-BNNPs system using density functional theory (DFT) calculations was carried out. The results indicated that the FA was successfully bonded with the BNNPs by a condensation reaction between amino groups of Cyst-Ag/BNNPs and carboxyl groups of FA using DCC. Theoretical analysis also demonstrated that the grafting of FA to the surface of BNNP does not affect FA targeting properties.

The effect of pH on the growth pathways and final morphology of the plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using natural Citrus limon extract was in the spotlight. In acidic medium (pH 2.5–5), the growth of AuNPs is fast and involves an intermediate aggregation stage, whereas pH 7–9 results in much slower nucleation-growth route. The synthesis at pH 5 was shown to be the most appropriate for preparation of 8-nm gold nanospheres with narrow size distribution and amazingly bright surface plasmon resonance. The reported findings contribute to better understanding of the processes in “green” AuNP synthesis using C. limon extract and can promote its implementation in sustainable industry. Pronounced plasmonic properties and eco-friendly precursors of the AuNPs make them an essential material for biological tagging and cell visualization.

The aim of the study. Develop a method for identifying the initial stage of open-angle glaucoma using Heidelber contour perimeter and retinal tomograph. Materials and methods. 624 patients (624 eyes), of which 236 were men and 388 were women, the average age was 63.4 ± 9.3 years. These patients were given a standard ophthalmic examination, Heidelberg contour perimeter (HEP), then Heidelberg retinotomography (HRT), depending on the obtained HEP results. Results. Correlation analysis of HRT scores revealed both direct relationships and inverse relationships of disease with certain HRT scores. We determined quantitative characteristics of optic nerve disc parameters, where revealed pathological changes. Each deviation in the individual parameters of the optic nerve disc related to risk factors. We carried out a comprehensive assessment of 7 main parameters, which received the best assessment of diagnostic informativity based on the results of the mathematical method of constructing operational curves (ROC analysis). The more deviations in the studied measures, the more risk factors, that is, the greater likelihood of the disease. The following is a comparison of the number of risk factors with the real value of the sick/healthy characteristic. Conclusion. We developed a technique to identify the initial open-angle glaucoma. According to the methodology, we carried out diagnosis in the presence of deviations in the individual values of the optic nerve disc parameters, which relate to risk factors. The most applicable in diagnostic practice is the presence of five risk factors, where specificity is 95 %.

This study aimed to obtain biocompatible ceramic materials in the Ti–C–Co–Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 –Ag–Mg system in combustion mode. The influence of cobalt additive on the combustion parameters, as well as the structure and properties of the electrode materials, was studied. Compact ceramics consists of a rigid frame of nonstoichiometric titanium (TiC 0,5 –TiC 0,6 ) carbide grains with titanium phosphate (Ti 3 PO (x) ) phase evenly distributed along the grain boundaries and with local precipitations of calcium oxide (CaO). The addition of cobalt leads to the formation of TiCo intermetallide and a complex CoTiP phase. Introduction of silver and magnesium causes the formation of a silver-based solid solution. Particular attention was devoted to studying the erosive capacity of the electrode materials during the pulsed electrospark deposition (PED) onto a titanium surface. The as-deposited coatings, which were 10 μm thick with a roughness Ra = 5–6 μm, exhibited high mechanical properties, as well as a sufficiently high level of biocompatibility and bioactivity. The silver additive enabled achieving a high antibacterial effect but resulted in a small inhibitory effect of osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation.

The synthesis of a new series of 2-aryl-5-amino-1,2,3-triazole derivatives is reported. The photochemical properties of these new fluorophores were studied both experimentally and using theoretical models. The compounds were found to be fluorescent, with Stokes shifts ranging from 40 nm (2494 ≿м−1) to 140 nm (9461 cm−1) and quantum yield values between 0.004 and 0.996. The fluorescence of the 1,2,3-triazoles was highly structure dependent and could be tuned by variation of the substituents at the C-4 and C-5 atoms of triazole ring and by the electronic and spatial effect of substituents within the aromatic cycle. Photophysical studies showed moderate changes in the fluorescence quantum yields depending on the solvent polarity. The UV–Vis spectra calculations employing the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) are in good agreement with the experimental data. The favourable photophysical properties of the studied compounds and their facile and high-yielding synthesis make them excellent candidates for commercial application as fluorescent tags.

Light (density 350 MPa) metal matrix composites (MMCs) are highly anticipated for aerospace and automotive industries. The MMCs application fields can be significantly expanded if they possess enhanced strength at elevated temperatures also. In the present study, Al-based composites loaded with either micro- or BN nanoparticles (BNMPs and BNNPs) with up to 10 wt% of BN phase were produced via spark plasma sintering (SPS) of ball-milled Al-BN powder mixtures. A dramatic increase in the composite tensile strength compared to pure Al samples (up to 415%) was demonstrated during tensile tests both at 20 °C and 500 °C. BNMPs were found to be a more preferred additive compared with BNNPs due to the formation of more homogeneous and uniform morphologies within the ball-milled powder mixtures and resultant SPS products. The most impressive tensile strength of 170 MPa at 500 °C was achieved for an Al-7 wt% BNMPs SPS composite, as compared to a value of only 33 MPa for a pure Al SPS-produced sample. The reinforcement mechanism was uncovered based on detailed X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersion X-ray analysis. Microscale BN, AlB2 and AlN inclusions acting within Al-matrices in the frame of Orowan strengthening mechanism, and pre-formed during ball-milling-induced pre-activation of Al-BN powder mixtures, finally crystallized during SPS processing and ensured the dramatically improved tensile strength and hardness of the resultant composites.

Thick (up to 30 μm) multicomponent biocompatible coatings with high surface roughness (R a > 6 μm) and hardness up to 11 GPa have been obtained by pulsed electrospark deposition (PED). The surface of Ti substrates (BT1-0 brand mark) was treated using TiC-CaO-Ti 3 PO (x) and TiC-CaO-Ti 3 PO (x) -Ag 2 Ca electrodes obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from the reaction mixtures of 90%(Ti + 0.5C) + 10%Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and 81%(Ti + 0.5C) + 9% Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 10% Ag. The Ag was doped into the electrode composition in order to provide the antibacterial activity of the PED coatings. The different contents of O and N in the coatings were achieved through the treatment in various environments: Ar atmosphere, air, or distilled water. The PED was performed at single-discharge energies of 3 and 30 mJ. Depending on the PED mode and processing environments, the coatings with different phase compositions were obtained. Cell proliferation tests showed good biocompatibility of Ag-free and Ag-doped PED coatings with low Ag content. The present paper gives a detailed description of PED process and structural transformations at the tip of electrodes during the PED that affect final coating structure.

The main problem in the treatment of many cancers is multidrug resistance due to tumor progression. Using nanosized drug delivery systems allows to overcome the mechanisms of multidrug resistance of cancer, in this case, chemotherapeutic agents can effectively introduce into cancer cells by endocytosis and accumulate near the nucleus and far from ATP-binding cassette transporters. Creation of boron nitridebased drug delivery nanocarriers with high chemical and oxidative stability is one of the perspective ways. Using chemical vapor deposition spherical boron nitride particles,100–150 nm in diameter (BNNPs), with peculiar petal-like surfaces or smooth surfaces were fabricated. BNNPs were loaded with doxorubicin. Drug loading efficacy of BNNPs-DOX was about 0.095 mg/mg of particles. BNNPs-DOX were relatively stable at neutral pH, whereas DOX is effectively released from the BNNPs at acidic pH (pH 4.5–5.5). Using confocal microscopy, the uptake of BNNPs-DOX by IAR-6-1, KB-3-1, К562 cells and multidrug resistant КВ-8-5 и IS-9 cells was studied. Most of BNNPs-DOX had been co-localized with LysoTracker, indicating that BNNPs-DOX are located in the endosomes/lysosomes after intracellular delivery.

In this study, the effect of mechanical treatment on the structure and phase composition of Ti+10% Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 powder mixtures was investigated. Ceramic Ti–Ti 3 P–CaO electrode materials with a high component homogeneity and a residual porosity of 5–7% were obtained in a process involving cold pressing and vacuum sintering. The erosive power of the sintered ceramic-metal Ti–Ti 3 P–CaO electrode during the electrospark treatment of titanium substrates was examined, and a comparison with the SHS TiC 0.5 –Ti 3 PO x –CaO electrodes was performed. Both the Ti–Ti 3 P–CaO and TiC 0.5 –Ti 3 PO x –CaO coatings exhibited high denseness with a width of approximately 20 μm, a hardness of 3.6 GPa, a roughness of 3.3–4.6 μm and a uniform distribution of bioactive calcium and phosphorus elements.

A one-pot approach for the synthesis of 2-aryl-5-amino-1,2,3-triazoles is reported. This approach involves a tandem nucleophilic addition of alkylamines to hydrazonoyl cyanides and in situ oxidative cyclization of the resulting 2-(arylazo)ethene-1,1-diamines in the presence of copper(II) acetate and air. The described one-pot procedure is characterized by good yields, excellent selectivity, methodical simplicity, and uses readily available chemicals. This method was applied to the gram-scale synthesis of 2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles.

The paper presents the results of studies on the recycling of waste polymer materials foundry, in particular the analysis of the solubility of polymer plates RAKU-TOOL, used for the manufacture of foundry pattern equipment. It has been found that RAKU-TOOL WB-1404 undergoes dissolution in toluene and acetic acid and swells noticeably in nitric acid. RAKU-TOOL MB-0720 reacts with acids and xylene, but does not react with toluene. RAKU-TOOL WB-1000 reacts noticeably only with nitric acid and does not react with toluene or xylene. The results obtained can be used for further processing and return to the production of model equipment, or to other industrial products for machine-building or household purposes.

We calculate hyperfine structure intervals for P–states in muonic ions of lithium, beryllium and boron. To construct the particle interaction operator in momentum space we use the tensor method ofprojection operators on states with definite quantum numbers of total atomic momentum F and total muonmomentum j. We take into account vacuum polarization, relativistic, quadruple and structure corrections of orders α4, α5 and α6. The obtained numerical values of hyperfine splittings can be used for a comparison with future experimental data.

Nuclear structure corrections to hyperfine splitting of energy levels in muonic lithium, beryllium, and boron ions are calculated. Account is taken of the contributions from the two-photon exchange amplitudes, including the vacuum polarization effect, and from the one-photon amplitude, which provide corrections to the nuclear structure and recoil of order $${{\alpha }^{5}}$$ and $${{\alpha }^{6}}$$ . Numerical results for different parametrizations of electromagnetic form factors are compared.

im. Assessment the efficacy and safety of combined use of drugs «Artradol» (chondroitin sulfate) and «Artrakam» (glucosamine sulfate) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Material and methods. We examined 30 patients with a diagnosis of OA of knee joints and severe pain, mean age of (58,7±5,1) years; mean duration of disease was (5,9±2,9) years. Patients were administered preparations of chondroitin sulfate («Artradol») and intramuscular glucosamine sulfate («Artrakam») alternating every other day for 2 months. Efficacy of therapy was determined after 1 and 2 months of treatment for dynamics of indices: the pain intensity in the joint (VAS), the circumference of the joint, the WOMAC index, the need for NSAIDs, the effectiveness of the therapy according to the patient and the doctor. Results. After 2 months of therapy with preparations of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate there was a significant (p

The aim of the present work was to develop methods for the detection of complex synaptic groups (glomeruli) in the human cerebellum using an immunocytochemical reaction for synaptophysin. The protocols presented here yield high-quality preparations for light and confocal laser microscopy on which individual glomeruli and intraglomerular axon terminals can be clearly identified. These preparations are suitable for quantitative analysis.

International audience; Nanoparticles (NPs) have a great potential as nanosized drug-delivery carriers. Such systems must safely deliver the drug to the site of the tumor without drug leakage, effectively penetrate inside cancer cells, and provide intracellular drug release. Herein we developed an original and simple method aimed at the fabrication of spherical boron nitride NPs (BNNPs), 100-200 nm in diameter, with peculiar petal-like surfaces via chemical vapor deposition. Such structures were found to be able to absorb a large amount of antitumor drug-killing tumor cells. They revealed low cytotoxicity and rapid cellular uptake. BNNPs were saturated with doxorubicin (DOX) and then dispersed. The BNNPs loaded with DOX (BNNPs-DOX) were stable at neutral pH but effectively released DOX at pH 4.5-5.5. MTT assay and cell growth testing showed that the BNNPs-DOX nanocarriers had been toxic for IAR-6-1 cells. BNNPs loaded with DOX penetrated into the neoplastic IAR-6-1 cells using endocytic pathways, and then DOX released into the cytoplasm and cell nuclei and resulted in cell death. © 2015 American Chemical Society.

To induce antibacterial activity in bioactive TiCaPCON coatings, materials have been doped with Ag in a quantity of 0.4–4.0 at %. Silver has been introduced into the coatings via two methods. Coatings with 0.4, 1.2, and 4.0 at % Ag content have been fabricated via simultaneous sputtering of a compositional TiC0.5-Ca3(PO4)2 target, which was obtained via self-propagating high temperature synthesis, and of a metallic Ag target. TiCaPCON-Ag (4.0 at %) coating was also fabricated via ion Ag implantation of preliminarily obtained TiCaPCON. The content and element distribution over the thickness of the coating were studied via glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES). The structure and morphology of the coatings have been probed via scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the formation of Ag particles in both the bulk and on the surface of the coatings, but their size and distribution over the coating thickness are found to depend on both the Ag concentration and method of sputtering of coatings. The effect of substrate temperature on Ag particle distribution in the coating is established. The study of kinetics of Ag dissolution via inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry and electrochemical methods has revealed that Ag dissolution rate is defined by the ratio of Ag nanoparticle size to the thickness of an oxide layer on the surface.

The distribution of iron ions in the cerebellum was studied in humans (n = 15) aged 20–89 years using a highly sensitive version of the Perls histochemical method. Elevated iron contents were seen in the white matter and Purkinje cells. In 10 cases out of 15, iron was seen in the nuclei of Purkinje cells, sometimes in the nucleolus.

A new reactive ink based on a silver citrate complex is proposed for a photochemical route to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy active substrates with controllable extinction spectra. The drop-cast test of the ink reveals homogeneous nucleation of silver and colloid particle growth originating directly from photochemical in situ reduction in droplets, while the following evaporation of the deposited ink produces small nano- and micron-size particles. The prepared nanostructures and substrates were accurately characterized by electron microscopy methods and optical extinction spectroscopy. Varying the duration of UV irradiation allows tuning the morphology of individual silver nanoparticles forming hierarchical ring structures with numerous “hot spots” for most efficient Raman enhancement. Raman measurements of probe molecules of rhodamine 6G and methylene blue reached the largest signal enhancement of 106 by the resonance effects.

We make precise calculation of hyperfine structure of $S$-states in muonic ions of lithium, beryllium and boron in quantum electrodynamics. Corrections of orders $\alpha^5$ and $\alpha^6$ due to the vacuum polarization, nuclear structure and recoil in first and second orders of perturbation theory are taken into account. We obtain estimates of the total values of hyperfine splittings which can be used for a comparison with future experimental data., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures