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Nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of NDs synthesis methods, properties, and their uses in biomedical applications. Various synthesis techniques, such as detonation, high‐pressure, high‐temperature, and chemical vapor deposition, offer distinct advantages in tailoring NDs′ size, shape, and surface properties. Surface modification methods further enhance NDs′ biocompatibility and enable the attachment of bioactive molecules, expanding their applicability in biological systems. NDs serve as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery, showcasing biocompatibility and the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents for targeted delivery. Additionally, NDs demonstrate potential in cancer treatment through hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement for improved immune responses. Functionalization of NDs facilitates their utilization in biosensors for sensitive biomolecule detection, aiding in precise diagnostics and rapid detection of infectious diseases. This review underscores the multifaceted role of NDs in advancing biomedical applications. By synthesizing NDs through various methods and modifying their surfaces, researchers can tailor their properties for specific biomedical needs. The ability of NDs to serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles holds promise for targeted therapy, while their applications in hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement offer innovative approaches to cancer treatment and immunization. Furthermore, the integration of NDs into biosensors enhances diagnostic capabilities, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of biomolecules and infectious diseases. Overall, the diverse functionalities of NDs underscore their potential as valuable tools in nanomedicine, paving the way for advancements in healthcare and biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an emerging way for the production of H2, which has the ability to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels for the power generation and provide an ecologically safe storage of solar energy. Fabrication of photoelectrode is one of the major challenges to make PEC water splitting more effective and efficiently sustainable. In this article, we have focussed on the studies of antimony (Sb)-incorporated ZnO photoelectrodes and their evident effects in boosting the PEC water splitting activities using different concentrations of Sb incorporated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) via aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition method (AACVD). The as-deposited photoelectrodes were characterized by using different techniques and were applied for the water splitting. The incorporated thin films exhibited better light absorbance in the visible range, probably because of the generation of extra energy levels through metal incorporation. An enhanced PEC water splitting performance was observed by Sb-incorporated ZnO photoelectrodes as compared to pure ZnO. More specifically, 15% Sb-incorporated ZnO attained a photocurrent density of 0.99 mA cm−2 at 0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl and maximum photo-stability that is quite greater as compared to pure ZnO (0.19 mA cm−2). This improvement was stated by the reduced bandgap and multifaceted morphological aspects of Sb-incorporated ZnO. In the production of simple and low-cost synthetic methods and effective electrode materials for PEC water splitting applications, these results are proved to be very helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting ability of pure ZnO and manganese-incorporated ZnO thin films fabricated via a simple aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) method was compared in Na2SO4 electrolyte solution. Optical properties analysis showed the shifting of optical band gap from 3.02 to 2.76 eV as the molar ratio of Mn varies from 0.02 to 0.15. All the compositions of Zn1−xMnxO (x = 0.02 to 0.15) show superior photocurrent density compared to pure ZnO-based photoanodes. The activity of Zn0.85Mn0.15O was found highest with photocurrent density of 3.81 mA/cm2. This activity enhancement was due to the shifting of the optical band gap in the visible region with the increase in absorption intensity. Moreover, the activity is further affected by the growth of uniform and homogeneous structures onto the photoanodes. The morphology of the films and size of crystallites change by varying amounts of Mn into the ZnO films. Overall, this work demonstrates that Zn1−xMnxO has a significant potential for PEC water splitting with further tailoring of their electronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution reports the deposition of new zinc based lead free all inorganic 3D CsZnCl2I perovskite thin films using aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) at 100 °C. Room tempertaure optical measurements performed on the as-deposited thin films showed two absorption peaks. Upon 325 nm excitation, the CsZnCl2I perovskite thin film showed broad band white light emission having two peaks, which cover the entire visible range of the spectrum. This is the first example of white light emission from 3D all-inorganic lead free mixed halide CsZnCl2I perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New complexes with the general formula [M(S2CNn Bu2)2 ] [where M = CdII (1) and ZnII (2)] were synthesized and used as single source precursors to deposit thin films of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide by the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. The single crystal X-ray structures of 1 and 2 are also reported. Ther mogravimetric analysis of 1 and 2 showed that both precursors decompose cleanly in a single step to produce their respective metal sulfides. The deposition of thin films was carried out on soda glass substrates in the 350{450 ° C temperature range under inert conditions. The as-deposited thin films were characterized by powdered X-ray diraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Thin films of CdS deposited at low temperature (350 ° C) consist of densely packed granular crystallites with an average size of ca. 150 nm, while at higher temperatures (400 and 450 ° C) particles with varying sizes and mixed morphologies are observed. The ZnS thin films deposited at 400 ° C showed rod-like structures, whereas dense globular-like structures were obtained at 450 ° C. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis was performed to study the chemical composition of the thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of new ligands, N,N-diethyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thiourea ( 1a) and N,N-dipropyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thiourea ( 1b), and their complexes with copper, bis[ N, N-diethyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thioureato]CuII ( 2a) and bis[ N, N-dipropyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thioureato]CuII ( 2b). All four compounds (i.e., 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. The structures of compounds 1a, 1b, and 2b were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis of 2a and 2b showed that both compounds decompose between 190 and 370 °C. Compounds 2a and 2b were then used as single-molecular precursors for the deposition of copper sulfide thin films through aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The phase and purity of the as-deposited thin films were confirmed by powdered X-ray diffraction, which showed that the as-grown films were composed of the orthorhombic (Cu7S4) phase only. Morphological studies of the as-deposited films were performed by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The elemental composition of the thin films was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low temperature growth of crystalline PbS films has been achieved on plastic substrates by CVD using a xanthate. The possible mechanism involved in this low temperature deposition has been probed by density functional theory calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new complex, tris (selenobenzoato)antimony(III) has been synthesized by a facile route and the structure determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complex was used as a single source precursor to synthesize Sb 2 Se 3 nanorods by the hot injection method whereas Sb 2 Se 3 thin films were deposited on glass substrates by the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (AACVD) technique. The as synthesized nanorods and thin films were then characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy. AACVD of the complex produced highly crystalline and pure Sb 2 Se 3 thin films between 400 and 500 °C. The shape of Sb 2 Se 3 crystallites are generally in the form of wires or thin plates, sometimes forming leaf-like structures uniformly spread on the entire substrate. The size and shape of these crystallites with their stoichiometry was found to be dependent on the deposition temperature. Sb 2 Se 3 nanorods were tested for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water reduction catalysis. When simulated solar light was illuminated at the Sb 2 Se 3 /FTO surface, cathodic photocurrents were generated for H 2 generation. At open circuit potential (OCP) photo-cathodic current generated with the Sb 2 Se 3 /FTO electrode was in the range of −44.8 to −52.1 μA·cm −2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a facile approach to prepare nanostructures of all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr 2 I by the wet chemical and aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) methods using oleylamine (OLA) as a shape modifier. This study explores the role of OLA during the formation of nanosquares via both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the results of deposition of PbS thin films using single molecular precursor, bis ( O -isobutylxanthato)lead(II), in the presence of additives namely: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween and Triton x-100, via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). The as-deposited PbS thin films are highly crystalline and exhibited superior adhesion to glass substrates. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of pure cubic phase of PbS. Thin films deposited using 0.4 mM Triton X-100 as additive resulted in wire like structures while 0.8 mM Triton X-100 deposited thin films comprised of predominantly shoe shaped structures. Further, increase in concentration (1.2 mM) of Triton X-100 deposited films having rod like morphology. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that in the presence of SDS, thin films consist of spherical shaped crystallites. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photon electron microscopy (XPS) of as-deposited PbS thin films was used to study chemical composition of thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the synthesis and characterization (multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, carbon–hydrogen–nitrogen–sulfur analyzer, atomic absorption spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis) of a single source organometallic precursor namely 1-acetyl-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea for the fabrication of iron selenide (FeSe) films on glass substrates using aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). The changes in the morphologies of the films have been monitored by the use of two different surfactants i.e. triton X-100 and tetraoctylphosphonium bromide during AACVD. The role of surfactant has been evaluated by examining the interaction of the surfactants with the precursor by using UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The fabricated FeSe films have been characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Pb–Cu heterobimetallic precursor complex 1, Pb2(OAc)4(μ-O)3Cu6(dmae)4Cl4 ·(C7H8)·1.7(H2O) [dmae= N,N-dimethylaminoethanolate ((CH3)2NCH2CH2O¯), OAc=acetate (CH3COO¯)] was synthesized through a simple chemical route and crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The precursor was characterized by its melting point, elemental composition, FT-IR, MS and by X-ray single crystal structure determination. Thin films were deposited by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition on a glass substrate and characterized for adhesion, SEM/EDX and XRD. These studies reveal it to be a suitable precursor for the deposition of Cu–PbO ceramic composite thin films at a relatively low temperature of 450°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A cost-effective method was developed and used to prepare photoanode substrates. • Good quality conformal films were fabricating without any post-deposition treatment. • Presence of iron in ZnO enhances its chemical and photo-stability. Transition metal ion incorporation has been emerged as an effective stratagem to enhance the performance of metal oxide photoanodes. In the present work, we design and fabricate the plain ZnO and (2, 5, 10 and 15%) Fe incorporated ZnO photoanodes by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) method. The 15% Fe incorporated ZnO photoanode displayed excellent photocurrent density of 4.6 mA/cm2 at 0.7 V Ag/AgCl with photo conversion efficiency of 2.4%, which is 159 times higher than pure ZnO photoanode (0.028 mA/cm2). The obtained results are remarkably superior to the previous results. Furthermore, the Fe incorporated photoelectrodes have also shown good stability. The excellent photoelectrochemical performance of Fe incorporated ZnO showed red shift in band edge with relative decrease in the band gap energy compared to pure ZnO. The demonstration of this simple method for the deposition of Fe incorporated ZnO to fabricate highly efficient photoanode for the PEC water splitting can easily be applied to other similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]