333 results
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2. Agricultural Residues as Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production: Overview and Applications on Membrane Fabrication
- Author
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Limenew Abate Worku, Archana Bachheti, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, Cristiano E. Rodrigues Reis, and Anuj Kumar Chandel
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pulp ,paper ,agricultural residues ,pulping ,non-woody biomass ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 - Abstract
The need for pulp and paper has risen significantly due to exponential population growth, industrialization, and urbanization. Most paper manufacturing industries use wood fibers to meet pulp and paper requirements. The shortage of fibrous wood resources and increased deforestation are linked to the excessive dependence on wood for pulp and paper production. Therefore, non-wood substitutes, including corn stalks, sugarcane bagasse, wheat, and rice straw, cotton stalks, and others, may greatly alleviate the shortage of raw materials used to make pulp and paper. Non-woody raw materials can be pulped easily using soda/soda-AQ (anthraquinone), organosolv, and bio-pulping. The use of agricultural residues can also play a pivotal role in the development of polymeric membranes separating different molecular weight cut-off molecules from a variety of feedstocks in industries. These membranes range in applications from water purification to medicinal uses. Considering that some farmers still burn agricultural residues on the fields, resulting in significant air pollution and health issues, the use of agricultural residues in paper manufacturing can eventually help these producers to get better financial outcomes from the grown crop. This paper reviews the current trends in the technological pitch of pulp and paper production from agricultural residues using different pulping methods, with an insight into the application of membranes developed from lignocellulosic materials.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Photosynthesis-based biosensors for environmental analysis of herbicides
- Author
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Amina Antonacci, Daniele Zappi, Maria Teresa Giardi, and Viviana Scognamiglio
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Algal biosensors ,Nanomaterials ,Paper ,Photosynthetic herbicides ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 - Abstract
It is generally agreed that photosynthetic organisms demonstrated their potential for the development of highly sensitive, sustainable, and affordable biosensors to detect toxic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems, being a primary target for most toxic pollutants. Based on this principle, the application of photosynthetic material as a biological receptor in biosensing provides an excellent tool for a cheap and effective detection of a wide range of life-threatening pollutants. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of photosynthesis-based biosensors, shading light on the diverse types of photosynthetic materials to be exploited, the different supports on which such material can be immobilized, and the dual opto-electrochemical transduction in which it can be integrated for the environmental monitoring of photosynthetic herbicides.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Morphological content and recyclability of separate collected packages: a case study for Kaunas, Lithuania
- Author
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Evelina Mickevičiūtė, Agnė Šleiniūtė, Inna Pitak, Tamari Mumladze, Anastasiia Sholokhova, and Gintaras Denafas
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packaging waste ,plastics ,paper ,recycling ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 - Abstract
Packaging materials can arise from a wide range of sources and are commonly used for food, medicine, household appliances, and items to enclose or protect products during distribution, storage, sale, delivery, and use. The choice of material (paper, plastic, glass, wood, metal, multi-layer or other packaging) to be used depends on the type and properties of product, the purpose of packaging, and the price. The aim of the investigation is to analyse the morphological composition of packaging waste collected separately in Kaunas (Lithuanian) private households and to evaluate its recycling possibilities. The mixture of paper, plastic, and metal packaging waste was analyzed in the winter and spring (one time per month) in the waste management company JSC "Kauno švara".
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Effects of cellulose nanofibrils and starch compared with polyacrylamide on fundamental properties of pulp and paper
- Author
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Hossein Jalali Torshizi, Milad Tajik, Hossein Resalati, and Yahya Hamzeh
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Paper ,Chemical Phenomena ,Starch ,Polyacrylamide ,Acrylic Resins ,Nanofibers ,Bagasse pulp ,engineering.material ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biopolymers ,stomatognathic system ,Structural Biology ,Nano ,Cellulose ,Molecular Biology ,Mechanical Phenomena ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Pulp (paper) ,Cationic polymerization ,General Medicine ,Polymer ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,engineering - Abstract
Bio-based additives received significant attention in pulp and paper properties improvement. For this, the most cited biochemical Cellulose Nano Fibrils (CNFs) and Cationic Starch (CS) were experimentally compared with the most declared synthetic chemical, Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM). SEM images showed better paper surface filling by the utilization of the chemicals. The three studied polymers, in solely or combination mechanism, improved mainly bagasse pulp and paper properties compared to the blank sample, except for pulp drainage, which decreased by CNFs to lower volumes presumably due to its intrinsic characteristics. Cationic polymers (CP) compared to CP/CNFs approaches increased pulp retention and drainage but decreased paper density and strengths. The best pulp retention and drainage achieved by CS followed by CPAM, while paper air persistency, density, and strength properties evaluated highest by CP/CNFs followed by CNFs. Generally, CS revealed a more significant improvement in pulp and paper properties than CPAM either with or without CNFs.
- Published
- 2021
6. THERMAL CONTROL OF MECHANOCHEMICAL REACTION
- Author
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I. Rofe-Beketova, Yu. Tolchinsky, and V.E. Ved
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Materials science ,механохімія, гідродинамічна модель руху, теплове управління, механохімічна реакція, черв’ячний реактор, коефіцієнт швидкості реакції ,Chemical engineering ,paper ,стаття ,mechanochemistry, hydrodynamic model of movement, thermal control, mechanochemical reaction, worm reactor, speed ratio ,Thermal control - Abstract
Mechanochemistry studies and explains the processes of chemical and physicochemical transformations that are generated by mechanical action on a substance. When carrying out deep mechanochemical transformations, as a rule, it is necessary to transfer to solid reagents a portion of energy comparable to the energy of interatomic bonds. For this, various machines and apparatus are used, such as extruders, in which mechanical energy is constantly transferred to the crushed material. The article discusses the interaction of two reagents in a simple chemical reaction in the state of a mixture of particles of two types, which occurs during compression of particles having a rough irregular shape, and colliding with each other, forming areas of contact. Significant stress concentrations and heating of the substance with the formation of a new phase arise in these regions. Thermal control of the mechanochemical reaction is to maintain an optimal balance of dissipative heat and heat from the coolant in the worm reactor so that the rate of flow and the final product of the reaction meet the specified specifications. The formulas provided in the article for calculating the coefficient of the rate of mechanochemical reaction, heat transfer between worm reactor and jacket channel, heat exchange between jacket and environment allows to calculate the balance conditions for thermal management. The block diagram of the technological line, which is presented in the article, is more economical in comparison with carrying out the same reaction in a solvent. The economic benefit lies in the elimination of the steps of introducing and removing the solvent from the reaction product. At the end, it is indicated that the mechanochemical reaction of the transformation of a mixture of two dispersed materials consisting of solid particles into a liquid can be realized in continuous conditions in a flow mode in a worm machine. And thermal control of the course of a mechanochemical reaction can be carried out using controlled heat exchange with a coolant in a jacket under conditions of turn-around spatial dispersion., Механохімія вивчає та пояснює процеси хімічних та фізико-хімічних перетворень, які породжуються механічним впливом на речовину. При здійсненні глибоких механохімічних перетворень, як правило, необхідно передати твердим реагентам порцію енергії, порівняну до енергії міжатомних зв’язків. Для цього використовуються різноманітні машини та апарати, такі як екструдери, в яких механічна енергія постійно передається подрібненому матеріалу. У статті розглянута взаємодія двох реагентів у найпростішій хімічній реакції у стані суміші часток двох сортів, що відбувається при стисненні часток, що мають широкувату неправильну форму та стикаються одна з одною, утворюючі області контакту. У цих областях виникають значні концентрації напружень та нагрів речовини з утворенням нової фази. Теплове управління механохімічною реакцією полягає у підтримці оптимального балансу дисипативного тепла та тепла від теплоносія у черв’ячному реакторі для того, щоб швидкість протікання та кінцевий продукт реакції задовольняли поставленим технічним умовам. Надані у статті формули для розрахунку коефіцієнту швидкості механохімічної реакції, теплообміну між черв’ячним реактором та каналом рубашки, теплообміну між рубашкою та оточуючим середовищем дозволяють розрахувати умови балансу для теплового управління. Блок-схема технологічної лінії, що представлена у статті, є економічно вигіднішою у зрівнянні з проведенням цієї ж реакції у розчиннику. Економічна вигода полягає в елімінуванні стадій введення та видалення розчинника з продукту реакції. На завершення зазначено, що механохімічна реакція перетворення суміші двох дисперсних матеріалів, що складається з твердих часток, у рідину може бути реалізована у непереривних умовах у потоковому режимі у черв’ячній машині. А теплове керування ходом механохімічної реакції можна здійснити за допомогою керованого теплообміну з теплоносієм у рубашці в умовах погілковій просторової дисперсії.
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- 2021
7. Beneficial effect of gelatin on iron gall ink corrosion
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Pascale Massiani, Anne Michelin, Alice Gimat, Véronique Rouchon, Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Paper ,Archeology ,food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Fine Arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Conservation ,01 natural sciences ,Gelatin ,Corrosion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Microscopy ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,Sizing ,QD71-142 ,010401 analytical chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,XANES ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cellulose fiber ,STXM imaging ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Iron-gallate ink ,0210 nano-technology ,Analytical chemistry ,Iron gall ink - Abstract
Iron gall Inks corrosion causes paper degradation (browning, embrittlement) and treatments were developed to tackle this issue. They often include resizing with gelatin to reinforce the paper and its cellulosic fibers (of diameter approx. 10 µm). This work aimed at measuring the distribution of ink components at the scale of individual paper fibers so as to give a better understanding of the impact of gelatin (re-)sizing on iron gall ink corrosion. For this purpose, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) was used at the Canadian light source synchrotron (CLS, Saskatoon). This technique combines nano-scale mapping (resolution of 30 nm) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analysis. Fe L-edge measurements enabled to map iron distribution and to locate iron(II) and iron(III) rich areas. N K-edge measurement made it possible to map gelatin distribution. C K-edge measurements allowed mapping and discrimination of cellulose, gallic acid, iron gall ink precipitate and gelatin. Three fibers were studied: an inked fiber with no size, a sized fiber that was afterwards inked and an inked fiber sprayed with gelatin. Analysis of gelatin and ink ingredients distribution indicated a lower amount of iron inside the treated cellulosic fiber, which may explain the beneficial effect of gelatin on iron gall ink corrosion.
- Published
- 2021
8. New alternatives to single‐use plastics: Starch and chitosan‐ graft ‐polydimethylsiloxane‐coated paper for water‐ and oil‐resistant applications
- Author
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Aditya Nair, Ajmir Khan, Dhwani Kansal, and Muhammad Rabnawaz
- Subjects
Coated paper ,Microplastics ,Water resistant ,microplastics ,Single use ,Materials science ,oil‐resistant ,Polydimethylsiloxane ,latex ,Starch ,paper ,PFAS remediation ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,TA401-492 ,plastics ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials - Abstract
An increase in the environmental and health concerns over fluorochemical‐based, wax‐based, and extrusion‐based paper coatings has led to a growing interest in bio‐based, biodegradable, and repulpable alternatives to obtain water‐ and oil‐repellent coatings. Reported herein is a fluorine‐free, plastic‐free, and cost‐effective water and grease resistant paper coating approach that utilizes blends of corn‐starch (S) and a novel chitosan‐graft‐polydimethylsiloxane (CP) copolymer. The hydrophobic and oleophobic performance of the S/CP‐coated paper was evaluated by varying the ratio of S and CP in the overall blend. The S/CP‐coated papers were observed to have low cobb60 values (water absorptivity) of 13 ± 0.9 g m−2 and an excellent kit rating (oil resistance) of 12/12. The S/CP‐coated paper substrate surface profile was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The repulpability of the coated paper is also demonstrated by washing the coating materials from the paper and recovering the pulp.
- Published
- 2021
9. Multifunctional Cellulose Nanopaper with Superior Water-Resistant, Conductive, and Antibacterial Properties Functionalized with Chitosan and Polypyrrole
- Author
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Haishun Du, Tung-Shi Huang, Miaomiao Zhang, Kun Liu, Mahesh Parit, Xinyu Zhang, Chuanling Si, and Zhihua Jiang
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Paper ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Materials science ,Polymers ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,010402 general chemistry ,Polypyrrole ,01 natural sciences ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Escherichia coli ,Pyrroles ,General Materials Science ,In situ polymerization ,Cellulose ,Electrical conductor ,Electric Conductivity ,Water ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Nanostructures ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Antibacterial activity - Abstract
Cellulose nanopaper (CNP) has been considered as a promising material with great application potential in diverse fields. However, the hydrophilic nature of CNP significantly limits its practical application. In order to improve its water resistance, we demonstrate a facile approach to functionalize CNP by impregnating it with chitosan (CS), followed by in situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy). The results indicate that the obtained CNP/CS/PPy shows excellent water resistance with the wet tensile strength of up to 80 MPa, which is more than 10 times higher than that of the pure CNP. Intriguingly, new features (e.g., electrical conductivity, antibacterial activity, and so forth) are achieved at the same time. The functionalized CNP/CS/PPy shows a high conductivity of 6.5 S cm-1, which can be used for electromagnetic interference shielding applications with a high shielding performance of around 18 dB. In addition, the CNP/CS/PPy exhibits good antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the bacterial reductions of 99.28 and 95.59%, respectively. Thus, this work provides a simple and versatile approach to functionalize CNP for achieving multifunctional properties.
- Published
- 2021
10. Surface hydrophobization of pulp fibers in paper sheets via gas phase reactions
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Stefan Spirk, Sarah Krainer, Carina Waldner, Ulrich Hirn, Eero Kontturi, Philipp Wulz, Graz University of Technology, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
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Paper ,Materials science ,Spectrophotometry, Infrared ,Trimethylsilyl ,Silylation ,Fluoroacetates ,Acetic Anhydrides ,Palmitates ,Gas phase ,Hydrophobisation ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,Contact angle ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structural Biology ,Tensile Strength ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Organosilicon Compounds ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,Porosity ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Photoelectron Spectroscopy ,Water ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fibers ,Acetic anhydride ,Ultrasonic Waves ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Wettability ,Volatilization ,Trifluoroacetic anhydride ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Funding Information: The financial support of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Digital and Economic Affairs and the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development , Austria, is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the industrial partners Mondi, Canon Production Printing, Kelheim Fibres, and SIG Combibloc for their support. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Hydrophobization of cellulosic materials and particularly paper products is a commonly used procedure to render papers more resistant to water and moisture. Here, we explore the hydrophobization of unsized paper sheets via the gas phase. We employed three different compounds, namely palmitoyl chloride (PCl), trifluoroacetic anhydride/acetic anhydride (TFAA/Ac2O)) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) which were vaporized and allowed to react with the paper sheets via the gas phase. All routes yielded hydrophobic papers with static water contact angles far above 90° and indicated the formation of covalent bonds. The PCl and TFAA approach negatively impacted the mechanical and optical properties of the paper leading to a decrease in tensile strength and yellowing of the sheets. The HMDS modified papers did not exhibit any differences regarding relevant paper technological parameters (mechanical properties, optical properties, porosity) compared to the non-modified sheets. XPS studies revealed that the HMDS modified samples have a rather low silicon content, pointing at the formation of submonolayers of trimethylsilyl groups on the fiber surfaces in the paper network. This was further investigated by penetration dynamic analysis using ultrasonication, which revealed that the whole fiber network has been homogeneously modified with the silyl groups and not only the very outer surface as for the PCl and the TFAA modified papers. This procedure yields a possibility to study the influence of hydrophobicity on paper sheets and their network properties without changing structural and mechanical paper parameters.
- Published
- 2021
11. Investigation of the effects on ink colour of lacquer coating applied to the printed substrate in the electrophotographic printing system
- Author
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Sinan Sönmez, Serra Arslan, Sonmez, Sinan, and Arslan, Serra
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Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,electrophotography ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Coating ,lacquer ,QD1-999 ,Lacquer ,Inkwell ,paper ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,gloss ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,printing ,Chemical engineering ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In this study, the effects of the lacquer applied to the printing materials which were printed by electrophotographic printing method on printing quality were investigated. In practice, printing materials with the same weight and different optical properties were used and the study was carried out in three stages. The optical and physical properties of the printing materials used in the first part were determined, in the second part, the printing of these materials by electrophotographic printing method and printability tests were performed. In the third chapter, matte and glossy lacquers were applied to these printed materials and printability tests were repeated. As a result of the study, it was observed that the application of gloss and matte lacquer caused a decrease in the printing density values and also the application of matte lacquer caused a decrease in the gloss values.
- Published
- 2021
12. Impact of Porous Matrices and Concentration by Lyophilization on Cell-Free Expression
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Marilyn S. Lee, Jorge L. Chávez, Alvin T. Liem, Svetlana Harbaugh, Pierce A. Roth, Peter A. Emanuel, Matthew W. Lux, Aleksandr E. Miklos, Scott A. Walper, Glory E Mgboji, Kathryn Beabout, Vanessa L Funk, and Steven M Blum
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Paper ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Lysis ,business.product_category ,Cell-Free System ,Chemistry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Hydrogels ,Biosensing Techniques ,Quartz ,General Medicine ,Polymer ,Cell free ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Matrix (mathematics) ,Cross-Linking Reagents ,Freeze Drying ,Chemical engineering ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Microfiber ,Cellulose ,Porous medium ,business ,Porosity - Abstract
Cell-free expression systems have drawn increasing attention as a tool to achieve complex biological functions outside of the cell. Several applications of the technology involve the delivery of functionality to challenging environments, such as field-forward diagnostics or point-of-need manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. To achieve these goals, cell-free reaction components are preserved using encapsulation or lyophilization methods, both of which often involve an embedding of components in porous matrices like paper or hydrogels. Previous work has shown a range of impacts of porous materials on cell-free expression reactions. Here, we explored a panel of 32 paperlike materials and 5 hydrogel materials for the impact on reaction performance. The screen included a tolerance to lyophilization for reaction systems based on both cell lysates and purified expression components. For paperlike materials, we found that (1) materials based on synthetic polymers were mostly incompatible with cell-free expression, (2) lysate-based reactions were largely insensitive to the matrix for cellulosic and microfiber materials, and (3) purified systems had an improved performance when lyophilized in cellulosic but not microfiber matrices. The impact of hydrogel materials ranged from completely inhibitory to a slight enhancement. The exploration of modulating the rehydration volume of lyophilized reactions yielded reaction speed increases using an enzymatic colorimetric reporter of up to twofold with an optimal ratio of 2:1 lyophilized reaction to rehydration volume for the lysate system and 1.5:1 for the purified system. The effect was independent of the matrices assessed. Testing with a fluorescent nonenzymatic reporter and no matrix showed similar improvements in both yields and reaction speeds for the lysate system and yields but not reaction speeds for the purified system. We finally used these observations to show an improved performance of two sensors that span reaction types, matrix, and reporters. In total, these results should enhance efforts to develop field-forward applications of cell-free expression systems.
- Published
- 2021
13. Decreasing of water absorptiveness of paper by coating nanofibrillated cellulose films
- Author
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Tijana Lazić, Jovana Milanovic, Ivona Častvan-Janković, Mirjana Kostic, Milena Milosevic, and Irena Živković
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Paper ,Materials science ,Optical properties ,Water absorptiveness ,engineering.material ,TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Cellulose ,Contact angle ,Surface morphology ,Nanofibrillated cellulose films - Abstract
Nanofibrillated films based on TEMPO-oxidized cotton linters were applied to reduce the hydrophilic properties of paper. For this purpose, aqueous dispersions of nanofibrillated cellulose of different composition: 1 and 3% of nanofibrillated cellulose, up to 13% of CaCO3 and/or Al(OH)3, up to 20% of propane-1,2-diol (glycol), and up to 21% of TEMPO-oxidized cotton linters were coated on the model paper, without additional adhesive. The pristine model paper and papers coated with nanofibrillated cellulose-based composite films were characterized in terms of water absorptiveness by COBB method and water drop contact angle measurements. The surface appearance was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface chemistry by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform and attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR). Additionally, optical properties, i.e. measurement of reflection curves and CIE degrees of whiteness, were determined according to appropriate standards. For all papers coated with nanofibrillated cellulose-based films, depending on the composition of the dispersions, a decrease in sorption properties was achieved, without changes in optical properties and surface morphology of the paper compared to the pristine paper.
- Published
- 2021
14. Starch-based nanospheres modified filter paper for o/w emulsions separation and contaminants removal
- Author
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Pixin Wang, Kun Xu, Ying Tan, Yungang Bai, Xiaopeng Pei, Baichao Zhang, Yinchuan Wang, Fan Zhang, Kankan Zhai, and Chao Wang
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Paper ,Materials science ,Starch ,Portable water purification ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,engineering.material ,Biochemistry ,Water Purification ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coating ,Structural Biology ,Superhydrophilicity ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Filter paper ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Environmentally friendly ,Separation process ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,Emulsions ,0210 nano-technology ,Filtration ,Nanospheres - Abstract
There is a pressing need around the world to develop novel functional biodegradable materials to separate oil/water mixtures and emulsions completely. Recently, superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity materials have been attracted attention due to their high efficiency in oil/water separation. However, it is still a challenge to prepare materials that combine oil/water separation and water purification in an environment-friendly way. In this work, biodegradable starch-based nanospheres (SNPs) coated filter paper was prepared in a low-cost, simple, and environmentally friendly manner. The SNPs coating could not only help to change the wettability of the substrate material but also build the hierarchical micro and nano structures which are conducive to separation and purification process. After modification by coating SNPs, the filter paper exhibited excellent performance in a wide range of oil/water mixtures or emulsions separation and the wettability of the filter paper could be regulated by adjusting the pH value. The modified filter paper presented good recyclability after several separation process. Furthermore, the as-prepared filter paper could also remove water-soluble contaminants during the oil/water separation process, thus realizing to combine separation and purification process in one single step. This biodegradable starch-based separating material with good separation performance, stability and recyclability has significant application potential in practical separation and purification process.
- Published
- 2020
15. Cellulosic paper with high antioxidative and barrier properties obtained through incorporation of tannin into kraft pulp fibers
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Yunzhong Ji, Liqiang Jin, Qinghua Xu, and Yingjuan Fu
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Paper ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structural Biology ,Tannin ,Cellulose ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Papermaking ,Periodate ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Food packaging ,Cellulose fiber ,chemistry ,Kraft process ,Chemical engineering ,Cellulosic ethanol ,0210 nano-technology ,Tannins - Abstract
In this work, we prepared novel cellulosic paper by incorporating tannin into the kraft pulp for potential application in active food packaging. The kraft pulp fibers were firstly periodate oxidized to obtain the dialdehyde cellulosic fibers, and then reacted with varied dosages of tannin to incorporate them into the fibers by covalent bondings between aldehyde groups on cellulose and active hydrogen on tannin. Handsheets were prepared using the tannin incorporated fibers through papermaking process and the properties were characterized. The percentage of tannin in the paper increased with the increase of the tannin dosage. FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of tannin into the cellulosic fibers. It was found that paper after incorporation of tannin turned to be surface hydrophobic with contact angles higher than 90°, which may probably due to the covalent bonds between tannin and cellulose. The handsheets show high antioxidative and UV-shielding properties, which both increased with the increase of the tannin percentage in the paper. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) decreased after the incorporation of tannin, and this could facilitate its application in food packaging. The breaking length of tannin incorporated paper decreased insignificantly, less than 10% with the tannin percentage as high as 45%.
- Published
- 2020
16. Transparent Microcrystalline Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Paper as a New Platform for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture
- Author
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Fei Li, Ruihua Tang, Li Na Liu, Yaowei Yang, Min Li, Xue Yao, and Sufeng Zhang
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Paper ,Biocompatibility ,Surface Properties ,Chemistry ,Water ,Biocompatible Materials ,Polyvinyl alcohol ,Analytical Chemistry ,Microcrystalline cellulose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,Cell culture ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Polyvinyl Alcohol ,Cell Adhesion ,Humans ,Cellulose ,Porosity ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,Mechanical Phenomena - Abstract
Multilayered and stacked cellulose paper has emerged as a promising platform for construction of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture because of its low cost, good biocompatibility, and high porosity. However, its poor light transmission makes it challenging to directly and clearly monitor cell behaviors (e.g., growth and proliferation) on the paper-based platform using an optical microscope. In this work, we developed a transparent microcrystalline cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (MCC/PVA) paper with irregular pores through dissolution and regeneration of microcrystalline nanocellulose, addition of a porogen reagent (NaCl), and subsequently dipping in PVA solutions. The transparent MCC paper displays high porosity (up to 90%), adjustable pore size (between 23 and 46 μm), large thickness (from 315 to 436 μm), and high light transmission under water (95%). Through further modification of the transparent MCC paper with PVA, the obtained transparent MCC/PVA paper shows enhanced mechanical properties (dry and wet strengths), good hydrophilicity (with a contact angle of 70.8°), and improved biocompatibility (cell viability up to 90%). By stacking and destacking multiple layers of the transparent MCC/PVA paper, it has been used for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture platforms. The transparent MCC/PVA paper under water enables both direct observation of cell morphology by an optical microscope via naked eyes and fluorescence microscope after staining. We envision that the developed transparent MCC/PVA paper holds great potential for future applications in various bioanalytical and biomedical fields, such as drug screening, tissue engineering, and organ-on-chips.
- Published
- 2020
17. The preparation of graphene ink from the exfoliation of graphite in pullulan, chitosan and alginate for strain-sensitive paper
- Author
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Kamal Yusoh, Nurul Farhana Abu Kasim, Wan Farhana W Idris, Abu Hannifa Abdullah, and Zulhelmi Ismail
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Alginates ,Sonication ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,Chitosan ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Structural Biology ,law ,Conductive ink ,Electric Impedance ,Graphite ,Glucans ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Graphene ,Pullulan ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Exfoliation joint ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ink ,Stress, Mechanical ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A sonication of graphite in polysaccharide (pullulan, chitosan and alginate) is one of the viable methods for the preparation of few-layer graphene. However, the effect of these adsorbed polysaccharides on the electrical performance of the produced graphene so far is not yet clear. In order to investigate the present effect of pullulan, chitosan and alginate on the electrical characteristic of resulted graphene, we have produced few-layer graphene using bath sonication of graphite in pullulan, chitosan and alginate medium for the application as electrical conductive ink in strain-sensitive. Data from the TEM reveals the appearance of folded few-layer graphene flakes after sonication for 150 min while the XPS data shows that the chitosan-based graphene possesses the highest carbon-oxygen ratio of 7.2 as compared to that of the pullulan and alginate-based graphene. By subjecting the produced graphene as the ink for paper-based strain sensor, we have discovered that the chitosan-graphene has the best resistivity value (1.66 × 10-3 Ω⋅cm) and demonstrate the highest sensitivity towards strain (GF: 18.6). This result interestingly implies the potential of the reported chitosan-based conductive ink as a strain-sensitive material for future food packaging.
- Published
- 2020
18. Cellulose micro and nanofibrils as coating agent for improved printability in office papers
- Author
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José A. F. Gamelas, Paulo Ferreira, Pedro Sarmento, and Ana F. Lourenço
- Subjects
Gamut area ,Paper ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Inkwell ,Starch ,02 engineering and technology ,Optical density ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Inkjet printing ,chemistry ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,Cellulose micro/nano fibrils ,engineering ,Print-through ,Cellulose ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The use of nanocelluloses is being conducted for the most diverse applications. Their performance as coating agent has been mainly explored to improve barrier properties, as they emerge as perfect candidate for plastic substitution, but it is also important to explore their potential to improve printing quality. In the present work, the influence of different nanocelluloses, obtained through mechanical, enzymatic, TEMPO-mediated oxidation and carboxymethylation treatments, in the coating process and inkjet printability of office papers was assessed. The results revealed that the cellulose nanofibrils are better for printability than the microfibrils. But the size and charge of the former must be taken into account, since fibrils of very small size penetrate the paper structure, dragging the pigments from the surface, and very anionic nanofibrils can also have negative influence on the optical density. Besides, an interesting synergy between surface-sizing starch and the cellulose nanofibrils was found to occur as the latter closed the paper structure, which prevented starch from penetrating, while potentiating both of their positive effects on ink pigment entrapment. An additional study of characterization of inkjet pigments was also performed.
- Published
- 2020
19. High-strength paper enhanced by chitin nanowhiskers and its potential bioassay applications
- Author
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Congcan Shi, Junfei Tian, Jing Wu, Tang Hua, Minghui He, Guangxue Chen, and Li Dongjian
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Surface Properties ,Chitin ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,Nanomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structural Biology ,Wet strength ,Bioassay ,Surface charge ,Cellulose ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Temperature ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Nanostructures ,Cellulose fiber ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Biological Assay ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In this paper, nanochitin was used as an alternative natural nanomaterial to combine with cellulose fibers for fabricating high-strength paper. Two typical chitin nanowhiskers having contrasting sign of surface charge were compared to evaluate the enhancement performance on paper in details. The results show that nanochitin with positive charges on the surface has a significant effect on the strength properties of the prepared paper, especially on wet strength. When the dosage of chitin nanowhiskers was 2%, the wet strength index was increased to 2.48 N·m/g, which is important for paper-based analytical devices with the common use in liquid analysis. Typical colorimetric glucose assays were successfully performed, suggesting the improved analytical performance on these prepared paper.
- Published
- 2020
20. Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals based on waste paper via different systems
- Author
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Yi Jing, Xinyue Xing, Ying Han, and Qiwen Jiang
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,Crystallinity ,X-Ray Diffraction ,Structural Biology ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Thermal stability ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Waste Products ,0303 health sciences ,Sulfuric acid ,General Medicine ,Sulfuric Acids ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ammonium Sulfate ,Thermogravimetry ,Nanoparticles ,Ammonium persulfate ,0210 nano-technology ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
China, a big paper-making country, produced hundreds of millions of tons of waste paper which contain a lot of fiber every year. Cellulose nanocrystals were extracted from recycled waste paper which can be a high value utilization of secondary fiber. In this paper, cellulose nanocrystals were successfully extracted from waste paper fibers via two different systems, sulfuric acid hydrolysis (SCNCs) and one-step ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation (OCNCs). This not only broadened the methods of extracting CNCs from waste paper, but also improved the dispersion and reactivity of CNCs. The CNCs products were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy for functional group structure, X-ray diffraction for crystal structure, TG-DTG for thermal stability and scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope for morphology. The results showed that both OCNCs and SCNCs were a rod-like structure. The crystallinity of OCNCs and SCNCs increased to 72.45 and 77.56, but with a low yield of 22.42% and 41.22%, respectively. The result also suggested H2O2 formed by decomposition of APS, selectively oxidized the hydroxyl on the C6 in cellulose to carboxyl, introduced 0.57 mmol/g carboxyl. Successful preparation of CNCs extracted from waste paper can effectively utilize the fiber resources in waste paper, thus transforming into higher economic benefits.
- Published
- 2020
21. Facile Approach for Ecofriendly, Low-Cost, and Water-Resistant Paper Coatings via Palm Kernel Oil
- Author
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Changyong Cao, Kexin Zeng, and Juan Gu
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Palm Oil ,engineering.material ,Furfuryl alcohol ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Coating ,Materials Testing ,General Materials Science ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Furans ,Coated paper ,Food Packaging ,Water ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biodegradation ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,Petroleum ,Palm kernel oil ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions - Abstract
Paper-based packaging is widely employed in industries ranging from food to beverages to pharmaceuticals because of its attractive advantages of biodegradability, recyclability, good strength, low cost, and lightweight. However, paper products usually have poor water barrier resistance properties because of paper and fibers porous microstructure. In this study, an ecofriendly water-resistant (hydrophobic) oil from biological origin, namely, palm kernel oil (PKO) was used to coat paper by using a facile and cost-effective dip-casting approach. PKO formulation was prepared by mixing with a solvent and furfuryl alcohol (FA). The water resistance, structural properties, and thermal and mechanical properties of the coated papers obtained under different processing conditions were reported and compared to understand the performance of coated paper. Contact angle (CA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermal gravimetry (TGA) were used for analysis and characterization of coated papers. Data from contact angle measurements showed that the PKO formulation could considerably improve the liquid water barrier property of the paper, with a measured water contact angle (CA) of ∼120° and reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) by 22%. This novel, green, low-cost, and water-resistant paper coating made with biological and biodegradable oil is a potential candidate for replacing petroleum-based coatings used in a broad range of applications and will also be able to make an additional full use of the palm kernel oil.
- Published
- 2020
22. Coaxial Spinning of All-Cellulose Systems for Enhanced Toughness
- Author
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Claudia Oviedo, Orlando J. Rojas, Meri Lundahl, Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez, Guillermo Reyes, Alistair W. T. King, Serguei Alejandro-Martín, Department of Chemistry, and Doctoral Programme in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,IONCELL-F FIBERS ,Scanning electron microscope ,116 Chemical sciences ,Nanofibers ,Ionic Liquids ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,FILMS ,OXIDATION ,01 natural sciences ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Nanocellulose ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,DISSOLUTION ,Tensile Strength ,Materials Chemistry ,WATER ,CYTOTOXICITY ,Cellulose ,Spinning ,Dissolution ,NATIVE CELLULOSE ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Hydrogels ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,NANOCRYSTALS ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ionic liquid ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Propionate ,PAPER ,NANOCELLULOSE ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Hydrogels of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose were stabilized for dry-jet wet spinning using a shell of cellulose dissolved in 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium propionate ([DBNH][CO2Et]), a protic ionic liquid (PIL). Coagulation in an acidic water bath resulted in continuous core-shell filaments (CSFs) that were tough and flexible with an average dry (and wet) toughness of similar to 11 (2) MJ.m(-3) and elongation of similar to 9 (14) %. The CSF morphology, chemical composition, thermal stability, crystallinity, and bacterial activity were assessed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, wide-angle X-ray scattering, and bacterial cell culturing, respectively. The coaxial wet spinning yields PIL-free systems carrying on the surface the cellulose II polymorph, which not only enhances the toughness of the filaments but facilities their functionalization.
- Published
- 2020
23. A novel 3D paper-based microfluidic electrochemical glucose biosensor based on rGO-TEPA/PB sensitive film
- Author
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Guo-Cheng Han, Zhencheng Chen, Cheng Fang, Haolin Xiao, and Liangli Cao
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Paper ,Working electrode ,Biosensing Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Reference electrode ,Analytical Chemistry ,Glucose Oxidase ,Limit of Detection ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Glucose oxidase ,Sweat ,Spectroscopy ,Detection limit ,biology ,Chemistry ,Glucose meter ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Equipment Design ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Enzymes, Immobilized ,Ethylenediamines ,Glucose ,Linear range ,Chemical engineering ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,Electrode ,biology.protein ,Graphite ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Biosensor - Abstract
A novel 3D paper-based microfluidic screen-printed electrode (SPE) composed of two layers was constructed by photolithography and screen-printing technology. Aldehyde functionalized hydrophilic zone of the counter and reference electrodes layer was prepared for glucose oxidase immobilization. Highly conductive Prussian blue deposited reduced graphene oxide-tetraethylene pentamine (rGO-TEPA/PB) modified paper working electrode layer can be used as an electrochemical sensitive membrane for quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was the enzyme-catalyzed reaction product. Therefore, this 3D paper-based microfluidic electrochemical biosensor can be used for quantitative detection of glucose. Under optimum conditions, the proposed biosensor can be used for quantitative determination of glucose over a wide linear range of 0.1 mM∼25 mM with detection limit of 25 μM. Finally, the 3D paper-based microfluidic electrochemical biosensor was applied to determine glucose in human sweat and blood, and the obtained results were in good consistency with values measured by Roche's blood glucose meter. In addition, the proposed 3D paper-based electrochemical device showed good repeatability, stability, and anti-interference, which would be of great potential to monitor glucose in complex biological fluids.
- Published
- 2020
24. One-Step Biotinylation of Cellulose Paper by Polymer Coating to Prepare a Paper-Based Analytical Device
- Author
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Manami Hara, Takashi Nishino, Tatsuo Maruyama, and Kazuki Kaneko
- Subjects
Paper ,Immobilized Nucleic Acids ,Biotin ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Analytical Chemistry ,Surface-Active Agents ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pulmonary surfactant ,Animals ,Humans ,Methylmethacrylates ,Biotinylation ,Cellulose ,Methyl methacrylate ,Fluorescent Dyes ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Thrombin ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Polymer ,Aptamers, Nucleotide ,0104 chemical sciences ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,biology.protein ,Methacrylates ,Cattle ,Ethylene glycol ,Protein adsorption ,Avidin - Abstract
Cellulose paper has strong potential as an analytical platform owing to its unique characteristics. In the present study, we investigated a procedure for functionalizing the surface of cellulose paper by dip-coating a mixture of a functional polymer and a perfluoroalkylated surfactant (surfactant 1). The functional polymer comprised a mixture of methyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate monomers. The monomer ratio in the functional polymer affected the hydrophilicity and water absorbance of the cellulose paper after dip-coating. Furthermore, the presence of surfactant 1 during dip-coating promoted the surface segregation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moieties in the polymer, which enhanced the hydrophilicity, prevented nonspecific protein adsorption, and maintained the water absorbance of the dip-coated cellulose paper. Dip-coating with another functional polymer containing biotin groups produced a cellulose paper with a biotin-decorated surface in a one-step procedure. The displayed biotin groups immobilized avidin on the surface, and the PEG moieties in the polymer prevented nonspecific protein adsorption. We then immobilized a thrombin-binding DNA aptamer on the avidin-immobilized cellulose paper to prepare a paper-based analytical device. It is possible to visualize thrombin in model solutions and serum using the paper-based analytical device.
- Published
- 2020
25. Bio-inspired antibacterial cellulose paper–poly(amidoxime) composite hydrogel for highly efficient uranium(<scp>vi</scp>) capture from seawater
- Author
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Jinxiang Gao, Chunxin Ma, Xiaolin Wang, Ning Wang, Qiuhan Yu, Yihui Yuan, Bingjie Yan, Jun Wen, Shaohua Jiang, and Yongxin Qian
- Subjects
Paper ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Water Pollutants, Radioactive ,Composite number ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Catalysis ,Water Purification ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Magazine ,law ,Oximes ,Escherichia coli ,Materials Chemistry ,Ionic conductivity ,Seawater ,Cellulose ,Vibrio alginolyticus ,Water pollutants ,Metals and Alloys ,Hydrogels ,General Chemistry ,Uranium ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites - Abstract
A bio-inspired cellulose paper–poly(amidoxime) composite hydrogel is explored via UV-polymerization. This hydrogel has a highly efficient uranium capture capacity of up to 6.21 mg g−1 for WU/Wdry gel and 12.9 mg g−1 for WU/Wpoly(amidoxime) in seawater for 6 weeks, due to its enhanced hydrophilicity, good hydraulic/ionic conductivity and broad-spectrum antibacterial performance.
- Published
- 2020
26. Paper swab based SERS detection of non-permitted colourants from dals and vegetables using a portable spectrometer
- Author
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Aditya Kumar and Venugopal Santhanam
- Subjects
Paper ,Silver ,Sample (material) ,Food Contamination ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Spectrum Analysis, Raman ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,symbols.namesake ,Molecular level ,Vegetables ,Rosaniline Dyes ,Environmental Chemistry ,Sample preparation ,Coloring Agents ,Spectroscopy ,Adulterant ,Spectrometer ,Rhodamines ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Analytical technique ,Peas ,Chemical Engineering ,Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Nanostructures ,0104 chemical sciences ,symbols ,Capsicum ,0210 nano-technology ,Raman spectroscopy ,Azo Compounds - Abstract
Rising concern about the use of non-permitted colourants, in common food items such as dals and green vegetables sold in Indian markets, have led to a demand for low-cost point-of-use chemical analysis tools. Conventional food-analysis techniques involving tedious sample preparation protocols are not suited for in-field applications. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that is well-suited for point-of-use chemical analysis with molecular level detection capability, which can also serve as a quality assurance tool for businesses. Effective and rapid signal collection from a large-area sample within a field-setting using disposable, low-cost SERS substrates is a key challenge in implementing such a solution. Herein, we demonstrate the use of inkjet-printed thin films comprising of robust nanostructured-silver as flexible, paper-based SERS (P-SERS) swabs for the direct detection of Metanil Yellow (MY) from toor dal (yellow split pigeon peas) samples and Malachite Green (MG) from green peas and green chillies. The macroscopic uniformity of these thin-films in combination with a portable Raman spectrometer equipped with orbital raster scanning (ORS™) technology for signal collection results in an unprecedented precision (RSD ∼ 1.6%) upon characterizing samples saturated with Rhodamine-6G (R6G), a standard Raman probe. As several food-cleansing products have appeared in the marketplace, the adulterant removal efficacy of some commercially available ‘washes’ as well as products such as ‘ozoniser’, which was determined by SERS characterization of swabs before and after use, is also reported.
- Published
- 2019
27. Waste paper derived three-dimensional carbon aerogel integrated with ceria/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as freestanding anode for high performance and durable microbial fuel cells
- Author
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N. Senthilkumar, Mehboobali Pannipara, A. Balasubramani, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, G. Gnana kumar, A. Therasa Alphonsa, and Md. Abdul Aziz
- Subjects
Paper ,0106 biological sciences ,Materials science ,Microbial fuel cell ,Bioelectric Energy Sources ,Nitrogen ,Oxide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bioengineering ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Electron transfer ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,010608 biotechnology ,Electrodes ,Bacteria ,010405 organic chemistry ,Graphene ,Biofilm ,Aerogel ,Cerium ,General Medicine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Anode ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Graphite ,Carbon ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Despite the green energy generation with low cost compared to conventional fuel cells, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) still suffer with anode related constraints including laborious pretreatment and modification process of conventional electrodes, limited bacterial loading capacity, and inferior extracellular electron transfer efficiency. Accordingly, this investigation explores the waste tissue paper derived three dimensional (3D) carbon aerogel (CA) integrated with cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanotubes decorated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (NRGO) as a competent anode to address these technical complements. The direct growth of NRGO and CeO2 over CA in the form of freestanding and binder-free NRGO/CeO2(1:2)/CA alleviates the significant constrains of conventional anode fabrication. The 3D hierarchical architectures of CA with open porous structure provide easy access of bacteria, thus increases the bacterial colonies per unit volume. Furthermore, the hydrogen bonding between the interfacial oxygen atoms of CeO2 and lysine residues of the cytochrome c in bacteria yields excellent extracellular electron transfer efficiency. The electrostatic interaction between the NRGO and bacteria cells improves the bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, leading to the compact biofilm formation for the improved direct electron transference. With the profits of above, the MFC with NRGO/CeO2(1:2)/CA demonstrates a maximum power output and good lifespan performances. The present exploration facts thus access advanced avenues to converting waste matters of tissue paper, human urine, and wastewater into profitable constituents for the development of efficient and durable power producing systems.
- Published
- 2019
28. Surface Engineering of Carbon Fiber Paper toward Exceptionally High-Performance and Stable Electrochemical Nitrite Sensing
- Author
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Jianlong Wang, Jiandong Gong, Wenxin Zhu, Yi Zhang, Yiyue Ma, Jing Sun, and Tao Li
- Subjects
Paper ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Surface Properties ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Surface engineering ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Carbon Fiber ,Air annealing ,Particle Size ,Nitrite ,Instrumentation ,Nitrites ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Food sample ,Electrochemical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electrochemical gas sensor ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In this work, we introduce our recent finding that the carbon fiber paper (CFP) treated by simple air annealing (OCFP) could be used for exceptionally high-performance electrochemical nitrite sensing. The air-annealing process endows the pristine CFP with higher defective edge/plane sites, more oxygen-containing functional groups, higher roughness, and improved wettability. The electrochemical studies show that the OCFP exhibits excellent sensing performance for nitrite, with an ultralow determination limit of 0.1 μM and a detection limit of 0.07 μM, an ultrawide linear determination range of 0.1-3838.5 μM, a fast current response of 1 s, and a high sensitivity of 930.4 μA mM
- Published
- 2019
29. Design and synthesis of dimer acid-based waterborne polyurethane as water- and oil-resistant coating for paper substrates
- Author
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Chen Su, Dinggen Hu, Yunfeng Cao, Dandan Li, Zhulan Liu, Jihuai Tan, Jianbin Chen, and Qinghao Zhu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Paper ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Dimer acid ,Water-resistant ,engineering.material ,Environmentally friendly ,Polyester ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,Polyol ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,engineering ,TA401-492 ,General Materials Science ,Thermal stability ,Oil-resistant ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Waterborne polyurethane ,Polyurethane - Abstract
Paper derived from lignocellulose has great advantages over plastics as packaging material, nevertheless, the poor water- and oil-resistances of paper-derived products limited their application in high-end field. Herein, novel dimer acid-based waterborne polyurethanes (DWPUs) with different content of dimer acid-based polyester polyol (DG) were prepared and used as water- and oil-resistant coating for paper substrate. The effects of DG contents on water- and oil-resistances, mechanical properties and thermal stability of DWPUs coated papers were systematically investigated. When the content of DG reached up to 7 wt% (based on polyester glycol), the paper coated by DWPU exhibited 88.06% decrease in Cobb 60 value, 8.7 times increase in kit rating compared with uncoated paper. Meanwhile, DWPUs coated papers showed good mechanical properties and thermal stability. These improvements are attributed to the flexible long-alkyl chain, and six-ring structure of DWPUs as well as the continuous and homogeneous DWPU-derived membrane on the surface of paper. This study provides a new framework for the preparation of high quality, multifunctional, environmentally friendly water- and oil-resistant coatings for paper substrates.
- Published
- 2021
30. Morphological content and recyclability of separate collected packages: a case study for Kaunas, Lithuania**
- Author
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Mickevičiūtė, Evelina, Šleiniūtė, Agnė, Pitak, Inna, Mumladze, Tamari, Sholokhova, Anastasiia, and Denafas, Gintaras
- Subjects
Chemical engineering ,Ecology ,paper ,504.054 ,Automotive Engineering ,packaging waste ,TP155-156 ,plastics ,recycling ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Packaging materials can arise from a wide range of sources and are commonly used for food, medicine, household appliances, and items to enclose or protect products during distribution, storage, sale, delivery, and use. The choice of material (paper, plastic, glass, wood, metal, multi-layer or other packaging) to be used depends on the type and properties of product, the purpose of packaging, and the price. The aim of the investigation is to analyse the morphological composition of packaging waste collected separately in Kaunas (Lithuanian) private households and to evaluate its recycling possibilities. The mixture of paper, plastic, and metal packaging waste was analyzed in the winter and spring (one time per month) in the waste management company JSC "Kauno švara".
- Published
- 2021
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31. Ag immobilized lignin-based PU coating: A promising candidate to promote the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antibacterial property of paper packaging
- Author
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Shenglong Tian, Xinxin Liu, Yunsi Liu, Shiyu Fu, Hui Zhang, and Huihui Xie
- Subjects
Paper ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Materials science ,Silver ,Surface Properties ,Polyurethanes ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,engineering.material ,complex mixtures ,Biochemistry ,Lignin ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coating ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,Structural Biology ,Wet strength ,Tensile Strength ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Escherichia coli ,Product Packaging ,Thermal stability ,Molecular Biology ,Mechanical Phenomena ,Antibacterial property ,Coated paper ,Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ,Photoelectron Spectroscopy ,Temperature ,General Medicine ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Thermogravimetry ,engineering - Abstract
A lignin-based PU coating was prepared for paper-based green packaging. Two representative diisocyanate were used to prepare the coatings. Due to the rigid aromatic, the physical properties of the TDI system reached the maximum below the lignin content of 40%. The HDI that contains flexible aliphatic chains alleviated the brittleness of coating, and it showed physical advantages when the lignin content was more than 50%. Owing to the high lignin content, the coating presented enhanced thermal stability. After coated with the lignin-based PU coatings, the dry tensile strength of coated paper was improved by 126%. Amazingly, the wet strength was increased from 0.31 to 12.6 MPa with an improvement nearly 40 times. Based on the coordination of lignin, Ag+ was introduced into the PU matrix, which imparted the coating with excellent antibacterial ability. The colony forming units of E. coli and S. aureus were both less than 1. However, no inhibition halo was observed, which indicated that the Ag was firmly anchored on the coating and the antibacterial ability is only available when the bacterial contact the coating surface. The lignin-based PU coating with favorable sustainability and properties shows great potential in paper-based green packaging fields.
- Published
- 2021
32. Study of Ti contacts to corundum α -Ga 2 O 3
- Author
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Rachel A. Oliver, Fabien Massabuau, D Nicol, Paul R. Chalker, András Kovács, John Jarman, F Adams, J.W. Roberts, Massabuau, F [0000-0003-1008-1652], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Paper ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,corundum ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,oxidation ,Corundum ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Conductivity ,01 natural sciences ,metal contact ,gallium oxide ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:530 ,Ohmic contact ,QC ,Emerging Leaders 2021 ,010302 applied physics ,diffusion ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical engineering ,Transmission electron microscopy ,engineering ,Grain boundary ,annealing ,Crystallite ,0210 nano-technology ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
We present a study of the electrical, structural and chemical properties of Ti contacts on atomic layer deposited α-Ga2O3 film. Ti forms an ohmic contact with α-Ga2O3. The contact performance is highly dependent on the post-evaporation annealing temperature, where an improved conductivity is obtained when annealing at 450 °C, and a strong degradation when annealing at higher temperatures. Structural and chemical characterisation by transmission electron microscopy techniques reveal that the electrical improvement or degradation of the contact upon annealing can be attributed to oxidation of the Ti metallic layer by the Ga2O3 film in combination with the possibility for Ti diffusion into the Au layer. The results highlight that the grain boundaries and inclusions in the Ga2O3 film provide fast diffusion pathways for this reaction, leaving the α-Ga2O3 crystallites relatively unaffected—this result differs from previous reports conducted on β-Ga2O3. This study underlines the necessity for a phase-specific and growth method-specific study of contacts on Ga2O3 devices.
- Published
- 2021
33. Paper Doped with Polyacrylonitrile Fibres Modified with 10,12–Pentacosadiynoic Acid
- Author
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Konrad Olejnik, Elżbieta Sąsiadek, and Marek Kozicki
- Subjects
Technology ,Materials science ,modified polyacrylonitrile fibres ,02 engineering and technology ,Radiation ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,security system ,ultraviolet radiation sensor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,functionalized cellulosic material ,Spectrophotometry ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Irradiation ,Cellulose ,Microscopy ,QC120-168.85 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,paper ,Doping ,QH201-278.5 ,Polyacrylonitrile ,security fibres ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,0104 chemical sciences ,TK1-9971 ,Wavelength ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology ,Ultraviolet - Abstract
This work reports a modification of a fibrous cellulose material (paper) by the addition of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres doped with 10,12–pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA). The fibres are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. When the paper containing PAN–PDA is irradiated with UV light it changes colour to blue as a consequence of interaction of the light with PDA. The colour intensity is related to the absorbed dose, content of PAN–PDA fibres in the paper and the wavelength of UV radiation. The features of the paper are summarised after reflectance spectrophotometry and scanning microscopy analyses. All the properties of the modified paper were tested in accordance with adequate ISO standards. Moreover, a unique method for assessing the unevenness of the paper surface and the quality of printing was proposed by using a Python script (RGBreader) for the analysis of RGB colour channels. The modification applied to the paper can serve as a paper security system. The modified paper can act also as a UV radiation indicator.
- Published
- 2021
34. Effect of Nanocellulose on the Properties of Cottonseed Protein Isolate as a Paper Strength Agent
- Author
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Bruce C. Gibb, Brian Condon, Jacobs H. Jordan, Huai N. Cheng, Michael W. Easson, and Wei Yao
- Subjects
Technology ,Materials science ,dry strength ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Nanocellulose ,Cottonseed ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ultimate tensile strength ,cottonseed protein ,General Materials Science ,Cellulose ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,cellulose nanocrystals ,cellulose nanofibers ,Microscopy ,QC120-168.85 ,Filter paper ,paper ,QH201-278.5 ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,0104 chemical sciences ,TK1-9971 ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,Nanofiber ,engineering ,Biopolymer ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of biopolymers in industrial applications to replace petroleum-based additives, since they are abundantly available, renewable and sustainable. Cottonseed protein is a biopolymer that, when used as a modifier, has shown improved performance for wood adhesives and paper products. Thus, it would be useful to explore the feasibility of using cellulose nanomaterials to further improve the performance of cottonseed protein as a paper strength agent. This research characterized the performance of cottonseed protein isolate with/without cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to increase the dry strength of filter paper. An application of 10% protein solution with CNCs (10:1) or CNFs (50:1) improved the elongation at break, tensile strength and modulus of treated paper products compared to the improved performance of cottonseed protein alone. Further analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the cottonseed protein/nanocellulose composites interacted with the filter paper fibers, imparting an increased dry strength.
- Published
- 2021
35. The Oleofobization of Paper via Plasma Treatment
- Author
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Miran Mozetič, Ita Junkar, Žiga Gosar, Rok Zaplotnik, Jernej Ekar, Eva Levičnik, Janez Kovač, and Matic Resnik
- Subjects
Hexamethyldisiloxane ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Scanning electron microscope ,Organic chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,oleofobization ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,QD241-441 ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Coating ,HMDSO ,Cellulose ,plasma ,paper ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Surface energy ,cellulose ,0104 chemical sciences ,Secondary ion mass spectrometry ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Cellulose is a promising biomass material suitable for high volume applications. Its potential lies in sustainability, which is becoming one of the leading trends in industry. However, there are certain drawbacks of cellulose materials which limit their use, especially their high wettability and low barrier properties, which can be overcome by applying thin coatings. Plasma technologies present a high potential for deposition of thin environmentally friendly and recyclable coatings. In this paper, two different plasma reactors were used for coating two types of cellulose-based substrates with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The changes in surface characteristics were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface free energy and contact angles measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Successful oleofobization was observed for an industrial scale reactor where pure HMDSO was used in the absence of oxygen.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Active Barrier Coating for Packaging Paper with Controlled Release of Sunflower Oils
- Author
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Pieter Samyn and SAMYN, Pieter
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Materials science ,packaging ,Active packaging ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Nanoparticle ,Organic chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,release ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Contact angle ,food ,QD241-441 ,Coating ,Drug Discovery ,Sunflower Oil ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,oleophobicity ,hydrophobicity ,Sunflower oil ,paper ,Food Packaging ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Water ,coating ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Controlled release ,0104 chemical sciences ,Vegetable oil ,Chemical engineering ,vegetable oil ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,engineering ,Molecular Medicine ,Nanoparticles ,barrier ,encapsulation ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The use of paper as a sustainable packaging material is favored, but it lacks sufficient barrier properties in terms of water repellence and oil resistance. Novel approaches consider active packaging materials or coatings with controlled release providing additional functionality for delivery of specific components to the surface. In this study, the development of a waterborne coating with organic nanoparticles and encapsulated sunflower oils is presented as a system for thermal release of the oil and on-demand tuning of the final barrier properties of the paper substrate. After synthesis of the nanoparticles, it seems that the encapsulation of various grades of sunflower oil (i.e., either poly-unsaturated or mono-unsaturated) strongly affects the encapsulation efficiency and thermal release profiles. The water contact angles are controlled by the oil release and chemical surface composition of the coating upon thermal heating. The oil resistance of the paper improves as a more continuous oil film is formed during thermal release. In particular, the chemical surface composition of the paper coatings is detailed by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy and surface imaging, which provide an analytical quantification tool to evaluate surface coverage, oil delivery, and variations in organic coating moieties. This research was funded through the Robert-Bosch Foundation in the frame of the Juniorprofessorshhip program, project ‘FORESNAB’ (2011–2016) for acquiring Raman spectroscope and TM3000 microscope. R. Thomann (University of Freiburg) is acknowledged for TEM measurements, and D. Stanssens (Topchim N.V.) is acknowledged for materials supply.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Tailoring the triboelectric output of poly-L-lactic acid nanotubes through control of polymer crystallinity
- Author
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Malavika Nair, Thomas Chalklen, Kalliope Margaronis, Tommaso Busolo, Sohini Kar-Narayan, Busolo, Tommaso [0000-0003-1815-9557], Nair, Malavika [0000-0002-5229-8991], Kar-Narayan, Sohini [0000-0002-8151-1616], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Busolo, T [0000-0003-1815-9557], Nair, M [0000-0002-5229-8991], and Kar-Narayan, S [0000-0002-8151-1616]
- Subjects
Poly l lactic acid ,Paper ,energy harvesting ,Materials science ,polymer crystallinity ,nanogenerator ,Crystallization of polymers ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Focus on Nanogenerators and Piezotronics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,nanotubes ,triboelectric materials ,Chemical engineering ,General Materials Science ,Triboelectric effect - Abstract
Funder: Emmanuel College (University of Cambridge); doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000609, Triboelectric devices capable of harvesting ambient mechanical energy have attracted attention in recent years for powering biomedical devices. Typically, triboelectric energy harvesters rely on contact-generated charges between pairs of materials situated at opposite ends of the triboelectric series. However, very few biocompatible polymeric materials exist at the ‘tribopositive’ end of the triboelectric series. In order to further explore the use of triboelectric energy harvesting devices within the body, it is necessary to develop more biocompatible tribopositive materials and look into ways to improve their triboelectric performance in order to enhance the harvested power output of these devices. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a tribopositive biocompatible polymer, frequently used in biomedical applications. Here, we present a way to improve the triboelectric output of nanostructured PLLA through fine control of its crystallinity via a customised template-assisted nanotube (NT) fabrication process. We find that PLLA NTs with higher values of crystallinity (∼41%) give rise to a threefold enhancement of the maximum triboelectric power output as compared to NTs of the same material and geometry but with lower crystallinity (∼13%). Our results thus pave the way for the production of a viable polymeric and biocompatible tribopositive material with improved power generation, for possible use in implantable triboelectric nanogenerators.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Sustainable preparation of cellulose nanofibrils via choline chloride-citric acid deep eutectic solvent pretreatment combined with high-pressure homogenization
- Author
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Kun Liu, Hongxiang Xie, Wei Liu, Huayu Liu, Bo Pang, Haishun Du, Xinyu Zhang, and Chuanling Si
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Optical Phenomena ,Nanofibers ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Citric Acid ,Choline ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallinity ,Tensile Strength ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Materials Chemistry ,Pressure ,Thermal stability ,Cellulose ,Organic Chemistry ,Temperature ,Green Chemistry Technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Wood ,0104 chemical sciences ,Deep eutectic solvent ,Cellulose fiber ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Solvents ,0210 nano-technology ,Citric acid ,Choline chloride - Abstract
Developing green and simple methods for the preparation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is of great significance. Herein, a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) system based on choline chloride (ChCl) and citric acid (CA) is employed to pretreat cellulose fibers for the preparation of CNFs. The effect of the pretreatment temperature on the chemo-physical properties of the CNFs is comprehensively investigated. A high CNFs yield of up to 84.19% can be achieved under optimized conditions. The optimal CNFs show a narrow diameter distribution and length up to several microns, high crystallinity and thermal stability, as well as excellent dispersibility in water. Furthermore, semi-transparent and flexible cellulose nanopaper (CNP) was fabricated through a facile vacuum filtration process. The optimal CNP shows high tensile strength (175.15 MPa) and toughness (7.51 MJ/m3). Therefore, this work provides a sustainable and facile approach to fabricate CNFs and CNP, which can be potentially used for various high-tech applications.
- Published
- 2021
39. Study of <scp>tobacco‐derived</scp> proteins in paper coatings
- Author
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Sachin Agate, Joseph N. Gutierrez, Richard A. Venditti, and Lokendra Pal
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Paper ,Scanning electron microscope ,Biophysics ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Biomaterials ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,Coating ,Tobacco ,Solubility ,Bradford protein assay ,Soy protein ,Kjeldahl method ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Protein Stability ,Viscosity ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Polymer ,0104 chemical sciences ,Molecular Weight ,Plant Leaves ,Chemical engineering ,Soybean Proteins ,engineering ,Porosity ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Replacing synthetic polymers with renewable alternatives is a critical challenge for the packaging industry. This research investigated the use of leaf-based proteins as a sustainable co-binder in the coating formulations for paper-based packaging and other applications. Protein isolates from tobacco leaf and alfalfa concentrates were characterized using the Pierce protein assay, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and gel electrophoresis. The proteins were tested as co-binders in a typical latex-based paper coating formulation. The rheology and water retention properties of the wet coating and the surface, optical, structural, and strength properties of coated papers were measured. The coating performance was affected by the purity, solubility, and molecular weight of the tobacco protein and exhibited a shear-thinning behavior with lower water retention than soy protein. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy on the dried coating layer containing tobacco protein showed enhanced porosity (advantageous for package glueability) relative to the control latex coating. The tobacco protein offers adequate coverage and coating pigment distribution, indicating that this protein can be a suitable option in coatings for packaging applications.
- Published
- 2021
40. Vegetal fiber paper matrix impregnated with silica gel for benzene removal
- Author
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Ruzhu Wang, X.N. Wu, Tianshu Ge, and Yanjun Dai
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Silica Gel ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Coating ,Fiber ,Benzene ,Plant Proteins ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Pressure drop ,Air Pollutants ,Silica gel ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Langmuir adsorption model ,Building and Construction ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,engineering ,symbols ,Feasibility Studies - Abstract
Removing benzene from indoor space plays an important role in indoor air purification. A novel filter with vegetal fiber paper (VFP) as matrix hosting silica gel is proposed in this paper for benzene removal. In order to investigate the feasibility and performance of this idea, firstly, three pieces of VFP samples impregnated with different amounts of silica gel are fabricated and their benzene adsorption quantities are tested. The results show that three times is recommended as the optimal number for impregnating. The VFP sample impregnated with silica gel after the third impregnating exhibits commendable coating stability and good benzene adsorption performance. Additionally, at low relative pressure (Pb /Ps ≤ 0.05), the experimental data of benzene adsorption isotherms fit well with the Langmuir model with R2 greater than 0.97. Then, two actual filters made of VFP impregnated with silica gel after the third impregnating were fabricated. It is found that the pressure drop of the actual filter is only 1200 Pa/m when the air velocity is 2 m/s. Besides, the one-pass efficiency of the filter can reach to 19.44%. It is expected that the silica gel coated on the filter can be modified to improve the purification performance of the filter.
- Published
- 2019
41. Immobilized enzyme on pulp fiber through layer-by-layer technique using cationic polyacrylamide for whitewater treatment from papermaking
- Author
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Rina Wu, Qiuyu Wang, and Gaosheng Wang
- Subjects
Paper ,0106 biological sciences ,Immobilized enzyme ,Polyacrylamide ,Acrylic Resins ,Bioengineering ,Wastewater ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Water Purification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,010608 biotechnology ,Pectinase ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Papermaking ,Layer by layer ,Cationic polymerization ,General Medicine ,Enzymes, Immobilized ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polygalacturonase ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Anionic pectic substances in whitewater from papermaking are detrimental to machine operation and product quality. Pectinase was immobilized on pulp fiber using cationic polyacrylamide with layer-by-layer method to obtain bound enzyme with tunable activity and good performance for wastewater treatment. It was revealed that high charge density and low molecular weight for cationic polyacrylamide were advantageous for enzymatic activity. During the layer-by-layer adsorption process, the enzymatic activity of the immobilized enzyme increased nearly linearly with the layer number from 983 to 3074 U/g until the fourth layer. The stability of the four-layer immobilized enzyme was improved. The multilayer immobilized enzyme exhibited good reusability and storage stability compared with monolayer enzyme. At dosage of 10 U/mL, the cationic demand of the whitewater samples was reduced by 15% using four-layer immobilized enzyme. The results indicated a potential route to prepare immobilized enzyme with good performance for wastewater treatment in papermaking industry.
- Published
- 2019
42. Paper-based microfluidic devices for glucose assays employing a metal-organic framework (MOF)
- Author
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Katherine J. Nelms, Joshua D. Sosa, Yangyang Liu, Alexis Basa, Grenalynn C. Ilacas, and Frank A. Gomez
- Subjects
Paper ,Analyte ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Environmental Chemistry ,Glucose oxidase ,Metal-Organic Frameworks ,Spectroscopy ,Polyvinyl acetate ,biology ,Parafilm ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Paper chromatography ,Glucose ,Chemical engineering ,biology.protein ,Colorimetry ,Metal-organic framework ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This paper describes the development of two microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), one well-based and the other based on a lateral flow assay (LFA) configuration, to detect glucose via a colorimetric assay using the solid metal-organic framework (MOF) Zr-PCN-222(Fe), to encapsulate glucose oxidase (GOx). The well-based platform consisted of laminate sheets and multiple layers of wax-printed chromatography paper. Solutions of KI and glucose placed into the well flowed through the device and reacted with the GOx@MOF species sandwiched between the paper layers realizing a yellow-brown color. The LFA platform consisted of chromatography paper between parafilm and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) layers. GOx@MOFs spotted on the paper subjected to solutions of KI and glucose yielded a brown color. The devices were then dried, scanned, and analyzed yielding a correlation between average inverse yellow intensity and glucose concentrations. The development of these devices employing MOFs as biomimetic catalysts should further expand the applications of microfluidic technologies for sensors a variety of analytes.
- Published
- 2019
43. Controlled graft polymerization on the surface of filter paper via enzyme-initiated RAFT polymerization
- Author
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Ping Wang, Yongqiang Li, Yuanyuan Yu, Qiang Wang, Xuerong Fan, Wenyan Wang, and Jiugang Yuan
- Subjects
Paper ,Thermogravimetric analysis ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polyacrylamide ,Acrylic Resins ,macromolecular substances ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Armoracia ,Polymerization ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,stomatognathic system ,parasitic diseases ,Materials Chemistry ,Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization ,Sulfhydryl Compounds ,Cellulose ,Horseradish Peroxidase ,Esterification ,Filter paper ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Temperature ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Green Chemistry Technology ,Chain transfer ,Raft ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,Attenuated total reflection ,Wettability ,Propionates ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This study reports on eco-friendly graft polymerization approach for the modification of a cellulosic material via combination between enzymatic catalysis and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Polyacrylamide (PAM) was polymerized on a cellulosic filter paper via horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-initiated RAFT polymerization. The results of grafting ratio, conversion, and pseudo-first-order kinetics were proved that the PAM graft polymerization on the filter paper followed RAFT rules. The results of Attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR), elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of PAM in PAM-grafted filter paper. The results of water contact angle and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) evidenced the change in the wetting properties and thermal performance, respectively of the treated filter paper. This work provides a new environmentally approach to graft polymerization on cellulosic materials.
- Published
- 2019
44. A paper sizing agent based on leather collagen hydrolysates modified by glycol diglycidyl ether and its compound performance
- Author
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Xuechuan Wang, Peiying Guo, Dongyan Hao, Li Wei, and Chen Ke
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Diglycidyl ether ,Protein Hydrolysates ,Starch ,Butyl acrylate ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,Hydrolysate ,Styrene ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structural Biology ,Manufacturing Industry ,Materials Testing ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Skin ,030304 developmental biology ,Waste Products ,0303 health sciences ,Epoxy Resins ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Grafting ,Sizing ,Cross-Linking Reagents ,Acrylates ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Emulsion ,Collagen ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In this research, collagen hydrolysates with different average molecular weights ( Mn ¯ ) from leather collagen were chosen as raw materials. Five environmental-friendly sizing agents (SA) were prepared by cross-linking collagen hydrolysates with glycol diglycidyl ether (GDE) and further grafting them with butyl acrylate (BA) and styrene (St). Then the compound sizing agents (SGDESA-x, x = 1, 2, 3 and 4) were obtained by simple physical mixing of GDESA and starch. The surface sizing performance of GDESA and compound sizing agents were studied. The research result shows that both physical, mechanical properties and water resistance of the corrugated paper coated by GDESA were significantly improved when Mn ¯ of collagen hydrolysate was about 10,000, and its emulsion exhibited robust stability in long standing time. Furthermore, when the SGDESA-2 was used as a sizing agent, the coated corrugated paper exhibited strong water resistance, good physical and mechanical properties even after refolded for 20 times.
- Published
- 2019
45. A molecularly imprinted polymers/carbon dots-grafted paper sensor for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol determination
- Author
-
Lv Zhou, Hu Zhang, Zhiyong Gong, Liang Liu, and Min Fang
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Polymers ,Diol ,alpha-Chlorohydrin ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Food Contamination ,01 natural sciences ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Molecular Imprinting ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Adsorption ,Limit of Detection ,Detection limit ,Filter paper ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Molecularly imprinted polymer ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040401 food science ,Fluorescence ,Carbon ,0104 chemical sciences ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Selectivity ,Food Analysis ,Food Science - Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a common food processing contaminant and a simple, rapid, sensitive and low cost monitoring technology is needed due to its potential carcinogenic nature. Carbon dots directly intercepted on filter paper provide high fluorescence intensity and can be adapted for use as a sensor. We synthesized a carbon dot-filter paper in combination with a molecularly imprinted polymeric film to extract 3-MCPD from samples. This grafted paper-based sensor exhibited a high adsorption capacity (68.97 mg g−1), an excellent selectivity (imprinting factor = 4.5) and a low detection limit (0.6 ng mL−1). Recoveries ranged from 97.2% to 105.3% with relative standard deviations
- Published
- 2019
46. Assessment of fine particles released during paper printing and shredding processes
- Author
-
Kalpana Velmurugan, Cathy Su, Candace Su-Jung Tsai, Nara Shin, and Alison K. Bauer
- Subjects
Paper ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Scanning electron microscope ,Nanoparticle ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Shredding (disassembling genomic data) ,Metal ,Microscopy ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Graphite ,Particle Size ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Air Pollutants ,Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Chemical engineering ,Metals ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Printing ,Particle ,Particulate Matter ,Particle size ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
In this study, we investigated the airborne particles released during paper printing and paper shredding processes in an attempt to characterize and differentiate these particles. Particle characteristics were studied with real time instruments (RTIs) to measure concentrations and with samplers to collect particles for subsequent microscopy and cytotoxicity analysis. The particles released by paper shredding were evaluated for cytotoxicity by using in vitro human lung epithelial cell models. A substantial amount of particles were released during both the shredding and printing processes. We found that the printing process caused substantial release of particles with sizes of less than 300 nm in the form of metal granules and graphite. These released particles contained various elements including Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, N, K, P, S and Si. The particles released by the paper shredding processes were primarily nanoparticles and had a peak size between 27.4 nm and 36.5 nm. These paper particles contained elements including Al, Br Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, N, Na, Ni P, S and Si, as determined by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (SP-ICP-MS) analysis. Although various metals were identified in the paper particles, these particles did not elicit cytotoxicity to simian virus-transformed bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS2B) and immortalized normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE1). However, future studies should investigate other cytotoxicity effects of these paper particles in various types of lung cells to identify potential health effects of the particles.
- Published
- 2019
47. Enhanced antibacterial profile of nanoparticle impregnated cellulose foam filter paper for drinking water filtration
- Author
-
Gaurav Bhanjana, Neeraj Dilbaghi, Vanish Kumar, Solmaz Heydarifard, Sandeep Kumar, Mousa M. Nazhad, Shikha Jain, and Ki-Hyun Kim
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Oxide ,Nanoparticle ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Water Purification ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bacillus cereus ,Wet strength ,law ,Escherichia coli ,Materials Chemistry ,Cellulose ,Filtration ,Filter paper ,Drinking Water ,Organic Chemistry ,Silver Compounds ,Oxides ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Nanoparticles ,Water treatment ,Zinc Oxide ,0210 nano-technology ,Copper ,Silver oxide ,Bacillus subtilis - Abstract
Filtration is a promising water treatment method to purify drinking water. To develop highly efficient drinking water filter paper, water-resistant cellulose foam paper with a high wet strength property was fabricated using diverse metal oxide (e.g., copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silver oxide (Ag2O)) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal reaction method. Their morphological structures were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The presence of coated nanoparticles on the cellulose foam filter was verified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) methods. The antibacterial performance of different types of modified cellulose foam filters was studied against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and B. cereus strains using the zone of inhibition test. The antibacterial profile of the cellulose foam filter impregnated with Ag2O nanoparticles, when tested against different types of bacteria, exhibited higher antibacterial activity than the cellulose foam filter impregnated with ZnO and CuO nanoparticles.
- Published
- 2018
48. Recovery potential of cellulose fiber from newspaper waste: An approach on magnetic cellulose aerogel for dye adsorption material
- Author
-
K. Srasri, P. Chaijiraaree, M. Thongroj, Penwisa Pisitsak, Sarute Ummartyotin, Satita Thiangtham, and Hathaikarn Manuspiya
- Subjects
Paper ,Thermogravimetric analysis ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,Composite number ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Structural Biology ,Cellulose ,Coloring Agents ,Porosity ,Molecular Biology ,Waste Products ,Congo Red ,Aerogel ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Ferrosoferric Oxide ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cellulose fiber ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Magnets ,0210 nano-technology ,Gels - Abstract
In this study, we have attempted to extract cellulose fiber from newspaper waste for circular economy project. Cellulose was successfully extracted from newspaper waste with high purity. It was further developed as a composite with Fe3O4 powder. 10–30 wt% of Fe3O4 was synthesized from conventional synthetic route and it was uniformly distributed into cellulose suspension. The composite was prepared by freeze-dry technique in order to remove water and create the porosity. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to characterize the structural and thermal properties of composite. Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion analysis can be confirmed that uniformity of cellulose and the existence of Fe3O4 powder. Frequency dependence of dielectric properties was used to imply the polarity enhancement of composite. Preliminary adsorption of composite as adsorbent material for Congo red was investigated.
- Published
- 2018
49. Carbon fiber paper@MgO films: in situ fabrication and high-performance removal capacity for phosphate anions
- Author
-
Muhammad Naeem Ashiq, Dianqing Li, Pinggui Tang, Yongjun Feng, and Saeed Ahmed
- Subjects
Anions ,Paper ,Materials science ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrothermal circulation ,Phosphates ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,X-Ray Diffraction ,Carbon Fiber ,law ,Chemical Precipitation ,Environmental Chemistry ,Calcination ,Methenamine ,Porosity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Phosphate adsorption ,Magnesium ,Temperature ,General Medicine ,In situ fabrication ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Phosphate ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Environmental Pollutants ,Adsorption ,Magnesium Oxide ,0210 nano-technology ,Porous medium - Abstract
Porous magnesium oxide (MgO) films on carbon fiber paper (CF) have been successfully fabricated in a hydrothermal route at different calcination temperatures. The CF@MgO samples (CF@MgO-300, -400, and -500) show different morphologies with the increasing surface area from 3 for CF to 27 m2 g−1 for CF@MgO-400. Among the four investigated samples, the CF@MgO-400 exhibits the highest phosphate removal ability (~ 1230 mg g−1) with promising applications for the large-scale utilization at low cost.
- Published
- 2018
50. Paper-Based Membraneless Co-Laminar Microfluidic Glucose Biofuel Cell With MWCNT-Fed Bucky Paper Bioelectrodes
- Author
-
Prakash Rewatkar and Sanket Goel
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Bioelectric Energy Sources ,Surface Properties ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Glucose oxidase ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Enzymatic biofuel cell ,Electrodes ,Power density ,biology ,Nanotubes, Carbon ,Laccase ,Equipment Design ,Enzymes, Immobilized ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fluid transport ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,Oxygen ,Glucose ,Chemical engineering ,Electrode ,Linear sweep voltammetry ,biology.protein ,Cyclic voltammetry ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This paper establishes a membraneless, co-laminar flow-based approach to develop a cost-effective microfluidic paper-based analytical device for enzymatic biofuel cell ( $\mu $ PAD-EBFC). The developed $\mu $ PAD-EBFC supporting the self-capillary fluid transport action consists of Y-shaped paper microchannel with the fuel (glucose) and oxidant (O2) streaming in parallel over carbon nanotube-based bucky paper electrodes modified with biocompatible electrocatalytic enzymes, such as glucose oxidase and laccase without any additional redox cofactor. The electrochemical performance for the modified bioelectrodes, i.e., electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction reaction, was carried out using linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and open circuit potential. The overall performance of $\mu $ PAD-EBFC was evaluated using the polarization studies. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of enzymes on the electrode surface was validated by the scanning electron microscope. This simple and portable $\mu $ PAD-EBFC can generate the maximum power density to the order of $100~\mu \text{W}$ /cm2 ( $600~\mu \text{A}$ /cm2) at 0.505 V over prolonged durations of around 50 h. Hence, the presented $\mu $ PAD-EBFC shows good power density and stability, leading to its strong potential to power miniaturized microelectronics devices and sensors.
- Published
- 2018
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