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This study was conducted to assess yield, yield components and chemical composition of springsown grasspea genotypes through GT biplot analysis. For this purpose, 31 different grasspea genotypes were grown for two years (2014 and 2015) in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Plants were harvested at flowering period, yields were determined and chemical analyses were performed. Present findings revealed positive correlations between ADF and NDF, among DMD, DMI and RFV values and among crude protein yield, green herbage yield, dry matter yield, number of side branches and natural plant height. While making selections for yield parameters, plant height, number of branches and stem diameter should be taken into consideration. Since grasspea genotypes had different responses to climate changes, plants should be tested at different climate and soil conditions. The genotypes 563, Hat 15, Hat 6, Hat 12, IFLS 491 and 481 were found to be prominent with their crude protein yields, green and dry herbage yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, gas production, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility of whole cottonseeds of five different cotton cultivars (Gossupolsuz 86, Lifsiz, Suregrov 125, Stoneville 453 and Nazilli). Crude protein contents of cottonseeds varied between 19.03-24.15%; ADF contents between 31.13-35.01%; NDF contents between 38.61-44.86%; crude ash contents between 2.98-4.39%; crude oil contents between 16.26-26.46% and dry matter between 65.06-69.13%. Gas production values varied between 60.33-92.71 mL; metabolic energy (ME) values between 7.94-11.42 MJ/kg/DM and organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 50.51-71.72%. The differences in chemical composition, gas production, ME and OMD values of cotton cultivars were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). The cultivar Nazilli was prominent with high crude protein, metabolic energy, low ADF and NDF content. Current findings revealed that present cotton cultivars constituted high quality feed source for livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of harvesting stage on the potential nutritive value, gas and methane production. Teff plant was harvested at three maturity stages (before flowering, flowering and seeding). The green and dry hay yield of teff plants were determined by drying at 70 oC. Some analysis was carried out to determine the chemical composition of teff plants. The gas and methane production was determined after 24 h incubation. Harvesting stage had a significant (P=0.01) effect on chemical composition, gas production, methane production and organic matter digestibility. The green and dry hay yield, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were increased with advancing maturity whereas crude protein, ether extract and crude ash contents were decreased. The green and dry hay yield of teff plant ranged from 576.91 to 1061.78 and 198.54 to 637.03 kg da-1 respectively. Crude protein content of teff plants ranged from 6.7 to 20.7 %, ether extract from 1.33 to 2.72 % and crude ash 6.78 to 8.70 %. The NDF and ADF contents of teff plants ranged from 60.36 to 69.49 % and 30.79 to 38.09 %. The gas production and methane production at 24 h decreased with increasing maturity. The gas production and methane production at 24 h ranged from 25.83 to 35.50 ml and 3.97 to 5.43 ml respectively. Metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility ranged from 5.74 to 7.10 MJ kg-1 DM and 37.80 to 46.24 % respectively. As a conclusion, the nutritive value of teff plant decreased with increasing maturity. Therefore the teff plant can be harvested or grazed before flowering and after flowering stages due to crude protein and metabolisable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritive values of hays of local sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) populations these grown in Sivas, Kayseri and Kahramanmaraş provinces of Turkey. For this purpose, 12 different sainfoin populations harvested from these provinces. Sainfoins harvested at flowering stage and dried then chemical compositions, in vitro gas and methane productions, metabolic energy and digestible organic matter contents were determined. There were significant (P=0.01) differences between chemical compositions of local sainfoin populations. Crude protein contents varied between 12.73 and 15.90%, crude ash contents varied between 5.95 and 7.63%, dry matter contents between 19.41 and 22.39%, condensed tanin ratios between 2.07 and 4.70%, ADF and NDF contents changed between respectively 32.01-41.79% and 42.57-53.89% and crude fat contents varied between 0.69 and 2.02%. 24 h in vitro gas and methane productions varied between respectively 39.49-52.40 ml and 7.70-10.30 ml. Metabolic energy contents of studied materials changed between 8.31 and 10.19 MJ/kg DM and digestible organic matter contents varied between 60.05 and 72.59%. According to current findings, there were considerable differences between nutrient contents of studied sainfoin populations and it was concluded that the population which harvested from Kayseri Bünyan come into prominence with higher protein and metabolisable energy and lesser ADF and NDF content than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the study is to determine the effects of different liquid-manure doses and manure-chemical fertilizer combinations on yield and quality parameters of silage corn grown as second crop after vetch + barley combination. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 4 replications during the years 2010 and 2011 in Turkey. Totally, 12 treatments consisting of different doses of liquid manure alone and combinations of liquid manure with chemical fertilizers were tested in the experiment. Two year average indicated that green herbage yield, plant height, plant diameter, cob ratio, stem ratio, crude protein ratio, NDF and ADF ratios varied between 35396.7-44610.0 kg ha-1; 193.13-237.07 cm; 13.25-17.30 mm; 30.52-33.75 %; 20.20-24.61 %; 42.45-49.05 %; 3.96-8.46 %; 65.01-69.77 % and 33.51-35.85 %, respectively. Research results showed that 15 ton liquid manure + 30 kg ha-1 chemical nitrogen combination (L1.5N3) had higher green herbage yield (44610.0 kg ha-1) than 120 kg ha-1 chemical nitrogen treatment (N12). However, crude protein ratio of N12 treatment (8.46 %) was higher than L1.5N3 (5.55 %) and the difference between them was found to be significant. The first study on sustainable second crop silage maize production under Central Anatolian highlands conditions demonstrated that chemical nitrogen use can significantly be reduced by using liquid manure as an alternative to chemical fertilizers without any negative effects on soil chemical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives of the present study are to determine the variations in forage yield and quality of new triticale lines developed by cross-breeding methods and to develop better lines with superior characteristics over the current ones. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications during the cropping years of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. A total of 5 cultivar and 20 lines were used as the plant material of the experiments. Genotypes were harvested at milk stage and their herbage yield, hay yield, crude protein yield and chemical composition were investigated. Two- years average results revealed that herbage yields varied between 36.44-48.47 t ha-1, hay yields between 12.77-18.68 t ha-1, crude protein yields between 1.02-1.80 t ha-1, acid detergent fiber (ADF) between 32.92-44.63%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) between 63.72-78.47%, crude ash ratios between 5.06-7.87%, crude protein content between 6.21-11.36%, dry matter digestibility (DDM) between 54.14-63.25%, dry matter intake (DMI) between 1.528-1.881 and relative feed value (RFV) between 64.18-89.31. Current results revealed superior characteristics for new triticale genotypes developed with cross-breeding over the current standard lines with regard to investigated parameters. It was concluded that cross-breeding yielded positive outcomes and therefore, currently investigated high-yield and quality lines should be prepared for registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Einkorn and emmer wheat are still cultivated in the mountainous areas of Turkey. They are resistant to biotic and abiotic stress conditions and are routinely used as food stuffs due to reasonable dietary fiber rate and vitamin and micronutrient content. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the feed potential of einkorn and emmer wheat populations. A total of 17 hulled wheat populations collected from different provinces of Turkey were studied during the years 2012 and 2013. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications to investigate grain yield, harvest index, chemical composition, and gas and methane production of the grain. Grain yield varied between 2.477 and 4.617t ha-1, harvest index between 27.55% and 36.03%, crude protein (CP) between 6.69% and 16.22%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) between 25.99% and 31.99%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) between 14.35% and 19.05%, crude oil (CO) between 1.33% and 2.05%, crude ash (CA) between 4.23% and 5.22%, metabolizable energy (ME) between 2.58 and 2.25 Mcal kg-1 DM, organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 65.59% and 72.73%, and gas production (GP) between 46.01 and 52.22 mL. While einkorn populations had higher ME, OMD, CP, and CO content values, emmer wheat populations had higher ADF and NDF rates. Moreover, there were significant variations in gas and methane production in all hulled wheat populations. Genotype-trait biplot analysis clearly indicated the variation limits of NDF, ADF, CP, OMD, ME, methane, GP, CO, and CA of hulled wheat populations. There were also significant linear relationships between CP and ME (0.585) and OMD (0.613); between CO and GP (0.513); and between GP and ME (0.623) and OMD (0.696). It was concluded that with regard to higher yield and digestibility, these hulled wheat populations could be used as basic germplasm for breeding of new einkorn and emmer wheat cultivars to be used as alternative feedstuff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The highest a* and b* values were recorded for freeze drying. • Wang & Singh and Page model showed the best fitting performance. • The reactions of pepper varieties to drying methods were different. • Microwave drying was prominent for increased total phenolics. Effects of different drying methods (open-sun, shade, greenhouse, microwave (300−600 W), air-convective (60−80°C) and freeze drying) on drying kinetics, biochemical characteristics, rehydration ratio, color and total phenolic content of two different pepper cultivars (Bozok and Pinar) were investigated in this study. Significant differences were observed in biochemical traits of the cultivars and response of cultivars to different drying methods was also different. The greatest crude protein, β-carotene and lycopene values were recorded for the freeze dryer application. The greatest ascorbic acid values were obtained from freeze dryer and shade drying. Microwave drying process resulted an increment in total phenolic contents of the samples. Except for shade drying, the other methods reduced the oil contents and drying methods significantly influenced fatty acid composition of the samples. The rehydration ratios increased with increasing microwave powers. Chromatic parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE) were also influenced by drying temperatures, which contributed to the discoloring of red pepper during the process of drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]