320 results on '"Gfrp"'
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2. Durability of FRP-strengthened RC beams subjected to 110 months accelerated laboratory and field exposure
- Author
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Hao, Zhi-Hao, Zeng, Jun-Jie, Chen, Guang-Ming, Dai, Jian-Guo, and Chen, Jian-Fei
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Performances and properties of steel and composite prestressed tendons – A review
- Author
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Rafieizonooz, Mahdi, Jang, Hyounseung, Kim, Jimin, Kim, Chang-Soo, Kim, Taehoon, Wi, Seunghwan, Banihashemi, Saeed, and Khankhaje, Elnaz
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Durability of FRP-to-concrete bonded joints subjected to 110 months accelerated laboratory and field exposure
- Author
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Hao, Zhi-Hao, Zeng, Jun-Jie, Chen, Guang-Ming, Dai, Jian-Guo, and Chen, Jian-Fei
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Seismic Performance of FRP-Confined Precast Assembled Concrete Piers: An Experimental Study.
- Author
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Ye, Hanhui and Bu, Zhanyu
- Abstract
To improve the structural performance of precast assembled concrete piers under earthquake, we designed and manufactured two piers confined by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets (SPCC1, SPCC2), two piers confined by glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes (SPCG6, SPCG10), and one comparison pier (SPC). The column and bent cap connections were designed with a monolithic construction, whereas the column and pile cap connections had precast joints with grouted sleeves. The effects of the CFRP and GFRP on the seismic performance of the specimens were studied using a quasi-static test and a fiber model based on OpenSees. The failure modes of the specimens included concrete crushing in the plastic hinge zone and buckling fracture of the longitudinal reinforcement. A CFRP tensile fracture occurred in the plastic hinge zone at the top and bottom of the piers; however, damage to the GFRP tubes was minor. Compared with sample SPC, the maximum bearing capacities of SPCG6, SPCG10, SPCC1, and SPCC2 increased by 8.4%, 3.1%, 15.0%, and 4.8%, respectively. At 7% displacement, the residual bearing capacities of SPCG6, SPCG10, SPCC1, and SPCC2 increased by 103.3%, 90.4%, 36.7%, and 82.8%, respectively, compared with SPC. At 6% and 7% displacement, the average stiffness of the CFRP/GFRP-confined specimens increased by 46.2%/58.9% and 59.8%/96.8%, respectively, compared with that of the unconfined specimen. The curvature results also showed that the confined pier exhibited a better flexural performance in most loading processes. The test and simulation results showed that the connection strength of the grouted sleeve in the precast structure should be ensured, and the reinforcement ratio of the pier should be prioritized, followed by an appropriate improvement in the compressive strength of the concrete. The constraint range of the FRP at twice the height of the plastic hinge zone was sufficiently conservative to ensure that the pier maintained good seismic performance under a high axial compression ratio. In practical engineering, the use of a GFRP tube as a template for a prefabricated pier is recommended, and a CFRP sheet is used to strengthen the plastic hinge area of an existing pier with insufficient seismic ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Finite Element Modeling of RC Beams Produced with Low-Strength Concrete and Strengthened for Bending and Shear with CFRP and GFRP.
- Author
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Sarıbıyık, Ali, Sümer, Yusuf, and Aldbahir, Wael Mansur
- Subjects
- *
CONCRETE beams , *FINITE element method , *SHEAR reinforcements , *TRANSVERSE reinforcements , *REINFORCED concrete , *EARTHQUAKE damage - Abstract
In this study, the analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites against bending and shear loads was carried out with the finite element technique, using ABAQUS software, which is widely used in simulating experimental circumstances in numerical studies. It has been reported that buildings in areas damaged by earthquakes are generally constructed using low-strength concrete and inadequate reinforcement. Additionally, construction errors also contribute to reducing the load-bearing capacity of structural elements. For this purpose, nine rectangular cross-section RC beams were experimentally constructed using low-strength concrete and inadequate bending and shear reinforcement. These beams were strengthened by wrapping them in different configurations with Carbon and Glass FRP (CFRP and GFRP) composites to resist shear and bending forces in both transverse and longitudinal directions, and their load-displacement curves were obtained. Subsequently, a three-dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) was created to validate the experimental results. The FEM validation demonstrated high accuracy in replicating experimental outcomes, emphasizing the influence of mesh size, dilation angle, and concrete constitutive models on simulation fidelity. Parametric studies revealed that increasing longitudinal reinforcement diameters had minimal effect on load capacity but highlighted the critical role of transverse reinforcement, as reducing stirrup spacing significantly improved load-bearing capacity. GFRP-reinforced beams exhibited superior ductility and a 15% higher strength compared to CFRP, suggesting their suitability for applications demanding enhanced displacement capacity. Furthermore, the findings underline the need for refined FEM models to better capture inclined fiber orientations and optimize structural reinforcement strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Hybrid CFRP‐GFRP sheets for flexural strengthening of continuous RC beams: Experimentation and analytical modeling.
- Author
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Jafari, Abouzar, Shahmansouri, Amir Ali, and Akbarzadeh Bengar, Habib
- Subjects
- *
CONCRETE beams , *REINFORCED concrete , *CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics) , *DUCTILITY , *RETROFITTING - Abstract
Continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams cast in place are commonly used in construction; however, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the performance of continuous RC beams strengthened with fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. Strengthening RC beams with FRP sheets typically leads to reduced ductility and moment redistribution capacity due to the linear stress–strain behavior of FRP materials compared to non‐strengthened RC beams. Addressing this gap, this study explores the feasibility of enhancing the mechanical properties and ductility of strengthened elements through a hybrid approach, combining carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. An experimental program was conducted, retrofitting two continuous two‐span RC beams (250 × 150 × 6000 mm) with hybrid CFRP‐GFRP (HCG) sheets. Concentrated loads were applied at the center of each span, and comprehensive data on strains in FRP sheets, longitudinal reinforcements, and crack propagation patterns were recorded and meticulously analyzed. The outcomes demonstrated that employing HCG sheets for strengthening RC continuous beams significantly improves ductility, load‐carrying capacity, and moment redistribution, surpassing the performance of beams strengthened with either CFRP or GFRP sheets. To ensure accurate predictions of the flexural response, an analytical model was developed and rigorously verified using the experimental results. The model takes into account the strain compatibility condition and provides insights into the behavior of continuous RC beams strengthened with CFRP, GFRP, and HCG sheets. This research contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of FRP sheet strengthening techniques, emphasizing the efficacy of HCG sheets for achieving enhanced structural performance in continuous RC beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. An Experimental Study on the Effect of GFRP and CFRP Strengthening on the Static and Dynamic Behavior of R/C Beams Under Progressive Damage.
- Author
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Ozturkoglu, Onur, Yucel, Umut, Karademir, Cihan, and Durmazgezer, Erkan
- Subjects
CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics ,FIBER-reinforced plastics ,MODAL analysis ,CYCLIC loads ,REINFORCED concrete - Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effect of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening materials on the static and dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete (R/C) beams subjected to progressive damage. Four identical beams, each strengthened with either GFRP or CFRP, are tested under a cyclic quasi-static loading pattern. Impact hammer tests are performed for undamaged states and various damage levels of the beams. The dynamic test data are analyzed using the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) method to estimate the dynamic characteristics of the beams. In this context, the first three vibration modes in both vertical and horizontal directions are considered. Strengthening is applied to both pre-damaged and undamaged beams, enabling a comparison of their performance before and after the strengthening procedure. Beams strengthened with CFRP exhibit a higher load-bearing capacity and stiffness but also fail at lower displacement levels compared to those strengthened with GFRP, which demonstrate more ductile behavior. Furthermore, the modal frequency ratios indicate that the first vibration mode is more sensitive to damage than the second and third modes. This study highlights the effectiveness of both strengthening materials in enhancing the structural performance of both undamaged and damaged beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Finite Element Modeling of RC Beams Produced with Low-Strength Concrete and Strengthened for Bending and Shear with CFRP and GFRP
- Author
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Wael Mansur Hussien Aldhabir, Ali Sarıbıyık, and Yusuf Sümer
- Subjects
reinforced concrete beam ,strengthening ,finite element model ,cfrp ,gfrp ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this study, the analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites against bending and shear loads was carried out with the finite element technique, using ABAQUS software, which is widely used in simulating experimental circumstances in numerical studies. It has been reported that buildings in areas damaged by earthquakes are generally constructed using low-strength concrete and inadequate reinforcement. Additionally, construction errors also contribute to reducing the load-bearing capacity of structural elements. For this purpose, nine rectangular cross-section RC beams were experimentally constructed using low-strength concrete and inadequate bending and shear reinforcement. These beams were strengthened by wrapping them in different configurations with Carbon and Glass FRP (CFRP and GFRP) composites to resist shear and bending forces in both transverse and longitudinal directions, and their load-displacement curves were obtained. Subsequently, a three-dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) was created to validate the experimental results. The FEM validation demonstrated high accuracy in replicating experimental outcomes, emphasizing the influence of mesh size, dilation angle, and concrete constitutive models on simulation fidelity. Parametric studies revealed that increasing longitudinal reinforcement diameters had minimal effect on load capacity but highlighted the critical role of transverse reinforcement, as reducing stirrup spacing significantly improved load-bearing capacity. GFRP-reinforced beams exhibited superior ductility and a 15% higher strength compared to CFRP, suggesting their suitability for applications demanding enhanced displacement capacity. Furthermore, the findings underline the need for refined FEM models to better capture inclined fiber orientations and optimize structural reinforcement strategies.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Composite Material Application Forecast in Light of Future Mobility Trends: Composite Material Application Forecast...: Manseok Yoon.
- Author
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Yoon, Manseok
- Abstract
Trends in the automotive industry are changing rapidly due to environmental factors, including climate change-induced exhaust gas regulations, urban traffic congestion, and the merging of communication and mobility technologies. As a result, new technologies such as electrification, autonomous driving, and mobility as a service (MaaS) are emerging, leading to the development of various types of mobility solutions, including battery electric and hydrogen vehicles, advanced air mobility (AAM), and purpose built vehicle (PBV). In response to these developments, research on a wide range of lightweight materials is being conducted to meet the requirements of these various modes of transportation. Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is the most effective lightweight material for weight reduction; however, its high cost limits its application. To overcome this limitation, one solution is to produce composite materials using lower cost alternative materials and mass production processes. Another approach is to develop lightweight composite materials that offer additional advantages. Nevertheless, in mobility modes such as AAM, weight reduction is far more critical than cost sensitivity, indicating a potential increase in composite part application in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF INCLINED HOLES CREATED BY Nd:YAG LASER BEAM PERCUSSION DRILLING ON FRP-BASED MATERIALS UTILIZING OPAT METHODS.
- Author
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MISHRA, YADVENDRA KUMAR, MISHRA, SANJAY, and YADAV, ASHUTOSH
- Subjects
- *
CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics , *LASER drilling , *FIBER-reinforced plastics , *WIND turbine blades , *GLASS-reinforced plastics - Abstract
In recent years, fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) materials like glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) are next-generation polymer-based composite materials tailored for lightweight engineering applications in aerospace, marine, chemical, and automotive industries. Applying inclined holes in GFRP material is essentially used in producing robotic parts, microelectronics components, wind turbine blades, etc. The bending actuators and microhinges of microrobots constructed from CFRP materials also require inclined holes. Laser percussion drilling techniques produce a high aspect ratio of high-resolution inclined holes. The geometrical deviation of the laser-drilled hole is usually evaluated in terms of hole circularity and hole taper. No literature is available for inclined hole drilling of the above two types of FRPs using infrared (IR) laser. In this paper, the thickness of each FRP is taken as 1, 3 and 5 mm, respectively. The one-parameter-at-a-time (OPAT) method was used to analyze the individual effects of laser input parameters, such as pulse current, pulse width, assist gas pressure, workpiece thickness, and incidence angle, on output performance characteristics of hole circularity at top (THC), bottom (BHC), and taper (TH) during laser percussion-inclined drilling with millisecond (ms) pulsed Nd: YAG. Pulse current of 200–225A or 275–300A does not affect THC at a zero-degree angle of incidence. A greater pulse current (300 A) is produced during inclined drilling at 100∘ and 200∘. SEM/EDX investigation reveals hole surface and material composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Problems on Delamination of Fibrous Composites (to the 110TH Anniversary of the Birth of Yu. N. Rabotnov).
- Author
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Polilov, A. N.
- Subjects
- *
DELAMINATION of composite materials , *FIBROUS composites , *COMPOSITE materials , *THIN films , *ELASTICITY - Abstract
The main, well-known scientific results were obtained by outstanding scientist Yu. N. Rabotnov in the field of creep theory, hereditary elasticity, damage mechanics, technical theory of shells. However, in the last years of his life, the academician Yu. N. Rabotnov was keen on some problems in the field of mechanics of fiber-reinforced composite materials. He proposed new, original strength criteria, simplified methods for ply-by-ply calculation of composite laminates. One of Yu. N. Rabotnov's scientific passions were connected with description of specific fracture modes of layered fibrous composites having the types of delamination and splitting. On the base of energy fracture criterion, it's possible to estimate the scale effect of strength – the dependence of critical stresses on the absolute sizes of composite members. Such models of specific fracture modes make it possible to estimate the danger of such technological defects as thin polymeric film between composite layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Performance of RC Beams under Shear Loads Strengthened with Metallic and Non-Metallic Fibers.
- Author
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Ghali, Mona K. N., El-Sayed, Taha A., Salah, Ahmed, and Khater, Nora
- Subjects
CONCRETE beams ,GLASS fibers ,REINFORCED concrete ,SHEAR reinforcements ,FIBERS ,WIRE netting - Abstract
In our investigation, we subjected eleven reinforced concrete beams to a four-point bending system to explore the impact of varying fibre and ferrocement contents on their structural behaviour. These beams, measuring 1.7 m in length, featured a rectangular cross-section with dimensions of 150 mm by 300 mm. Our study focused on three key variables: steel fibre content (at levels of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%), glass fibre content (also at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%), and ferrocement content (evaluated with one or two layers of welded or expanded wire mesh). Our findings revealed that incorporating fibres with minimal shear reinforcement significantly enhanced the beams' performance. Specifically: The specimen reinforced with 1.5% steel fibres exhibited the highest ultimate failure load, surpassing the control beam by an impressive 41.87%. The 0.5% glass fibre specimen experienced the least deflection at the ultimate load compared to the control beam. The 1.5% glass fibre specimen demonstrated superior energy absorption compared to the control specimen. Notably, using two layers of welded wire mesh proved most effective in enhancing the ultimate failure load when compared to both the control specimen and other ferrocement-strengthened beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Comparative Study on the Performance of RC Frame Multistorey with Three Different FRP Reinforcements
- Author
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Patil, Raj Dhruvkishor, Pannirselvam, N., di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Gencel, Osman, editor, Balasubramanian, M., editor, and Palanisamy, T., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Advanced FEA simulation of GFRP and CFRP responses to low velocity impact: Exploring impactor diameter variations and damage mechanisms
- Author
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Muhamad Luthfi Hakim, Raihan Nafianto, Ariayana Dwiputra Nugraha, Ardi Wiranata, Eko Supriyanto, Gesang Nugroho, and Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun
- Subjects
Fiber reinforced polymers composite ,Low-velocity impact ,FEA ,CFRP ,GFRP ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
In recent decades, the use of composite materials has experienced a significant increase in various fields. Fiber Reinforced Polymers Composite (FRPC) is one type of composite that is increasingly used due to its versatility and ability to improve product quality. However, FRPC materials have a high susceptibility to Low Velocity Impact (LVI) events, which can cause invisible internal damage such as delamination. LVI occurs when FRPC materials experience a sudden impact with a foreign object at a speed of 1–10 m/s, and can be identified through drop weight impact tests. This research addresses Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials due to LVI, following the ASTM D7136 drop weight impact test standard. The variations studied include material types, namely Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP), as well as variations in the diameter of the impactor. The results showed that GFRP has more brittle properties than CFRP, which is indicated by the high absorption energy and larger maximum back surface displacement in CFRP. In addition, the damage in GFRP is more significant as CFRP requires a higher initiation force and energy to trigger and propagate the damage. The simulations also show that as the diameter of the impactor increases, the contact force increases, but the impact time is shorter. In contrast, a smaller diameter impactor penetrates the material more easily, with a smaller impact area and lower impact energy after contact occurs.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Behavior of Hybrid FRP Strengthened RC Column Under Axial Compression
- Author
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R, Vivekanandan and K, Aarthi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Performances and properties of steel and composite prestressed tendons – A review
- Author
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Mahdi Rafieizonooz, Hyounseung Jang, Jimin Kim, Chang-Soo Kim, Taehoon Kim, Seunghwan Wi, Saeed Banihashemi, and Elnaz Khankhaje
- Subjects
Prestressed concrete ,Steel tendons ,CFRP ,GFRP ,AFRP ,BFRP ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The primary drawback of concrete lies in its low tensile strength, prompting the development of various solutions to enhance this aspect. A notable approach is the utilization of Prestressed Reinforced Concrete (PRC) with tendons, aimed at bolstering its tensile strength. As the use of diverse tendon types in the PRC continues to surge, a review becomes imperative to delve into this evolution. Therefore, this study delved into the engineering characteristics, performance, and evolution of different tendon varieties, encompassing both steel and composite options. Despite certain drawbacks associated with employing composite materials such as Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) tendons - such as heightened costs, limited availability of composite materials, and intricate manufacturing processes - there are distinct advantages and merits to incorporating FRP composite tendons in the realm of construction. In this respect, Carbon FRP tendons exhibited superior strength, comparable to their steel counterparts. Glass FRP tendons, lacking metallic components, possessed non-magnetic properties, rendering them resistant to corrosion. Additionally, Aramid FRP tendons boasted low flammability and exceptional resistance to elevated temperatures. Lastly, Basalt FRP tendons offered sustainability, rust resistance, and non-corrosiveness. The findings derived from this review study serve as a valuable resource for researchers seeking to advance the applications of steel tendons and FRP composite materials within the construction industry.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Finite Element Analysis of Strengthening Method Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer in Tensile Zones of Historical Domed Structures: Edirnekapi Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Dome
- Author
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Hatice Öz and Asena Soyluk
- Subjects
sonlu eleman analizleri ,edirnekapı mihrimah sultan camii ,cfrp ,gfrp ,sismik hasar görebilirlik ,finite element analyses ,edirnekapı mihrimah sultan mosque ,seismic vulnerability ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Architectural drawing and design ,NA2695-2793 - Abstract
Historic buildings are remarkable monuments that carry cultural traces and heritage from the past to the present and from the present to the past in terms of historical sustainability. These assets worthy of preservation should be restored and strengthened under certain intervention criteria for the continuity of cultural accumulation. Although historical masonry buildings exhibit a very rigid performance under vertical loads, their tensile strength against lateral loads such as seismic forces created by earthquakes is low. Domes, an important architectural element of masonry buildings, are likely to be damaged under the influence of seismic forces. The retrofitting analyses were performed with CFRP and GFRP in the dome tensile zones and readings were made on the Modulus of Elasticity. Since Edirnekapı Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is a structure sensitive to seismic force due to its location and the earthquakes experienced by the structure, it was deemed suitable for finite element model analysis.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites Filled with Al2O3 Particles
- Author
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Hasibe Aygül Yeprem, Duygu Köse, Aymurat Haydarov, and Cantekin Kaykılarlı
- Subjects
aluminium oxide ,cfrp ,epoxy ,gfrp ,hardness ,impact strength. ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
In this study, we produced Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) reinforced carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP, GFRP) composites and investigated mechanical and tribological properties. Al2O3 was dispersed in epoxy resin using a mechanical stirrer. The composites are produced via the hand lay-up method and dried at room temperature for 48 hours. The properties of composites were determined via Archimedes’ method, flexural, impact, hardness and wear tests. The highest flexural strength and hardness were found at 946.3 MPa and 48.7 HBA for 3 wt.% Al2O3 reinforced CFRP, respectively. The highest impact strength was observed at 187.4 kJ/m2 for an un-reinforced GFRP composite. The lowest Coefficient of Friction (COF) and wear depth was found 3 wt.% Al2O3 reinforced GFRP composites.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. An Experimental Study on the Effect of GFRP and CFRP Strengthening on the Static and Dynamic Behavior of R/C Beams Under Progressive Damage
- Author
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Onur Ozturkoglu, Umut Yucel, Cihan Karademir, and Erkan Durmazgezer
- Subjects
beam strengthening ,GFRP ,CFRP ,pre-damaged ,operational modal analysis ,progressive damage ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effect of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening materials on the static and dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete (R/C) beams subjected to progressive damage. Four identical beams, each strengthened with either GFRP or CFRP, are tested under a cyclic quasi-static loading pattern. Impact hammer tests are performed for undamaged states and various damage levels of the beams. The dynamic test data are analyzed using the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) method to estimate the dynamic characteristics of the beams. In this context, the first three vibration modes in both vertical and horizontal directions are considered. Strengthening is applied to both pre-damaged and undamaged beams, enabling a comparison of their performance before and after the strengthening procedure. Beams strengthened with CFRP exhibit a higher load-bearing capacity and stiffness but also fail at lower displacement levels compared to those strengthened with GFRP, which demonstrate more ductile behavior. Furthermore, the modal frequency ratios indicate that the first vibration mode is more sensitive to damage than the second and third modes. This study highlights the effectiveness of both strengthening materials in enhancing the structural performance of both undamaged and damaged beams.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Creep Behavior and Prediction of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Timbers Under Changing Temperature and Relative Humidity
- Author
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In-Hwan Lee, Yo-Jin Song, and Soon Il Hong
- Subjects
bending ,creep ,cfrp ,gfrp ,glulam ,timber ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The creep behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced larch laminar timber was studied with respect to temperature and humidity fluctuations. There was a control group of larch laminated with two small-diameter timbers with FRP (carbon FRP (CFRP), glass FRP (GFRP)) produced; the laminated lumber had the same cross-sectional area as the two laminated lumber specimens with reinforced tensile parts. A creep test with fluctuating temperature and humidity was conducted by applying a load of 25% of the bending strength of the control specimen. A total of 8 specimens, 2 for each type, were measured for creep deformation at 9:00 am and 6:00 pm daily for approximately 14,000 h. Temperature and humidity fluctuations were measured every hour. The equilibrium moisture content and humidity of the creep test space exhibited a proportional relationship, and the moisture content of each specimen did not show a noticeable correlation with humidity and equilibrium moisture content. The average relative creep was measured as approximately 0.67 for the control, 0.4 for Glulam, and 0.43 for both the CFRP- and GFRP-reinforced specimens. Thus, the creep deformation of all the reinforced pieces was confirmed to be lower than that of the control specimen.
- Published
- 2023
22. Comparative study of models predicting punching shear capacity of strengthened corroded RC slab-column joints.
- Author
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Gomaa, Ahmed M., Khafaga, Sherif A., Lotfy, Ehab M., Hosny, Sally, and Ahmed, Manar A.
- Subjects
REINFORCED concrete corrosion ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,DETERIORATION of materials ,GRAPHICAL user interfaces ,REINFORCING bars ,REINFORCED concrete - Abstract
Degradation in reinforced concrete (RC) members associated with rebar corrosion in old buildings is one major concern that can significantly affect the strength and serviceability of RC structures. Strengthening existing structures using FRP can comprise complex assessment and design processes. This study addresses the critical issue of modeling the behavior associated with steel reinforcement corrosion in RC slab-column joints (SCJs). Three modeling methods, namely artificial neural network (ANN), Eureqa's symbolic regression algorithm, and analytical modeling, are proposed to predict the punching shear (PS) capacity of corroded RC SCJs by accounting for the changes in material properties due to corrosion and the strengthening provided by different types of FRP. The accuracy of the proposed models is validated through comparisons with experimental results and a verified finite element (FE) model that considers material deterioration and bond degradation. The results demonstrate that the proposed models offer more accurate PS capacity predictions than existing design codes. Among the considered prediction models, the ANN model exhibits superior performance and is recommended for PS capacity prediction. A practical design tool in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI) was created to facilitate the assessment and prediction of the PS behavior of corroded RC SCJs. Engineers can conveniently use this GUI to evaluate and predict the performance of such joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Optimization of parameters for drilling composite materials with freeform surfaces.
- Author
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Ozdemir, Burak, Kilickap, Erol, Bahce, Erkan, Yardimeden, Ahmet, and Emir, Ender
- Subjects
COMPOSITE materials ,SURFACES (Technology) ,CURVED surfaces ,MATHEMATICAL models ,GLASS fibers ,DELAMINATION of composite materials ,RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) ,MACHINABILITY of metals - Abstract
In the drilling process, the angle of surface is one of the parameters that affect hole quality. In study, the effects of feed rate, spindle speed and surface angle on the thrust force, roughness, and delamination, which are the factors affecting the quality of hole, were investigated in the drilling of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) and CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) with freeform surfaces. With ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and regression analysis, the parameter effects were statistically compared, and descriptive mathematical models were derived. The mathematical models were subjected to the Genetic Algorithm approach according to the different surface angles determined and the optimum parameter values were calculated. Guiding data were obtained about the effects of machining on hole quality in drilling composite at different surface angles, which is the main motivation of the study. Optimization results will improve hole quality on curved surfaces, while saving cost and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Evaluation of residual strength in fiber reinforced composites subjected to impact using acoustic emission test.
- Author
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Souri-Solut, Reza, Farahani, Mohammadreza, Meshkizadeh, Pouria, and Ghani, Mohammad Sadegh
- Abstract
This paper investigates the relation between acoustic emission events and the corresponding behavior of the specimens after damage under tensile loading. Tensile strengths of carbon/glass fiber epoxy composites subjected to impact damage were evaluated experimentally. The variations of amplitude, energy, and dominant frequencies of the AE events were studied to investigate the post-impact behavior of specimens. Different layers (6, 12-ply) and fiber materials were assessed, and their effects were considered. Waveform patterns and frequency domain analyses were also utilized to evaluate the damage severity. This practical method can be used as an advanced and straightforward approach to estimate either the value of the damage or residual strength subsequent to impact in laminated composites. It was proved that the impact damage led to dropping residual strength, especially in carbon/epoxy specimens, since they are sensitive to impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. FRP-RC Slabs Under Punching Shear: Assessment of Existing Models
- Author
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Tawfik, Maged, Ibrahim, Taha, Ahmad, Mahmood, Deifalla, Ahmed F., Awad, Ahmed, El-Said, Amr, Shehata, Hany Farouk, Editor-in-Chief, ElZahaby, Khalid M., Advisory Editor, Chen, Dar Hao, Advisory Editor, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Mosallam, Ayman S., editor, El Bhiri, Brahim, editor, Karbhari, Vistasp M., editor, and Saadeh, Shadi, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Glass/Epoxy and Carbon/Epoxy Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates
- Author
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Mehra, A. S., Singh, Shamsher Bahadur, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Singh, Shamsher Bahadur, editor, Gopalarathnam, Muthukumar, editor, Kodur, Venkatesh Kumar R., editor, and Matsagar, Vasant A., editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Partially and Fully Strengthening of Square RC Column Using Various FRP Composites
- Author
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Patel, Tejash K., Vasanwala, S. A., Patel, Purvesh, Patel, Darshan, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Hau, Kong Kian, editor, Gupta, Ashok Kumar, editor, Chaudhary, Sandeep, editor, and Gupta, Tanmay, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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28. RC Wall-Slab Connection Reinforced by FRP: Mechanical Behaviour Under Cycling Loading
- Author
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Chalot, Antoine, Michel, Laurent, Ferrier, Emmanuel, Roy, Nathalie, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Benmokrane, Brahim, editor, Mohamed, Khaled, editor, Farghaly, Ahmed, editor, and Mohamed, Hamdy, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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29. ANN Model for Two-Way Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Without Shear Reinforcements
- Author
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Salem, Nermin M., Deifalla, A., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Yang, Xin-She, editor, Sherratt, Simon, editor, Dey, Nilanjan, editor, and Joshi, Amit, editor
- Published
- 2023
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30. Experimental and Analytical Comparative Analysis on Effectiveness of Different Wrapping Techniques for Two Way RC Slabs Using Different International Guidelines
- Author
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Shubhalakshmi, B. S., Jagannath Reddy, H. N., Prabhakara, R., Kasi, Arjun, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Nandagiri, Lakshman, editor, Narasimhan, M. C., editor, and Marathe, Shriram, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effect of Fire on Reinforced Concrete Beams with FRP and Conventional Steel at Limited Time of Fire
- Author
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Ghobashy Mohamed Atef, Hilal Amr Mohamed, and Ibrahim Mohamed Abdel Razik
- Subjects
bfrp ,cfrp ,gfrp ,fiber volume friction ,fire ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of RC concrete beams reinforced with basalt, carbon, glass fiber reinforced polymer bars and conventional steel. A comparison between the results has been performed to investigate and study the effect of fire on reinforced concrete beams considering the following items: (flexural capacity, deflection behavior and crack pattern). It is noticeable that the use of FRP bars significantly increased the ultimate load of the specimens, where the percentage of increase ranged between 34 - 73 % of the ultimate load of the specimen C-S under static load. The greatest ultimate load was reached the beam that was reinforced with carbon bars (CFRP). It was also noticed able that the use of FRP rods significantly increases the deflection of the beams. The percentage of increase was between 45 - 170 % of the final deflection of the C-S specimen under static load. It was noted that the effect of the fire on the beams reinforced with fiber bars (FRP), where the efficiency of bearing capacity of beams after fire decreases by 11 to 18 % of the actual efficiency of bearing capacity of beams control. As for the beam reinforced with conventional steel bars, its efficiency was reduced by 15 % from the actual capacity.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Performance of RC Beams under Shear Loads Strengthened with Metallic and Non-Metallic Fibers
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Mona K. N. Ghali, Taha A. El-Sayed, Ahmed Salah, and Nora Khater
- Subjects
shear ,GFRP ,CFRP ,metallic and non-metallic fibres ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
In our investigation, we subjected eleven reinforced concrete beams to a four-point bending system to explore the impact of varying fibre and ferrocement contents on their structural behaviour. These beams, measuring 1.7 m in length, featured a rectangular cross-section with dimensions of 150 mm by 300 mm. Our study focused on three key variables: steel fibre content (at levels of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%), glass fibre content (also at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%), and ferrocement content (evaluated with one or two layers of welded or expanded wire mesh). Our findings revealed that incorporating fibres with minimal shear reinforcement significantly enhanced the beams’ performance. Specifically: The specimen reinforced with 1.5% steel fibres exhibited the highest ultimate failure load, surpassing the control beam by an impressive 41.87%. The 0.5% glass fibre specimen experienced the least deflection at the ultimate load compared to the control beam. The 1.5% glass fibre specimen demonstrated superior energy absorption compared to the control specimen. Notably, using two layers of welded wire mesh proved most effective in enhancing the ultimate failure load when compared to both the control specimen and other ferrocement-strengthened beams.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites Filled with Al2O3 Particles.
- Author
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Kaykilarli, Cantekin, Haydarov, Aymurat, Kose, Duygu, and Yeprem, Hasibe Aygul
- Subjects
ALUMINUM oxide ,CARBON fibers ,COMPOSITE materials ,EPOXY resins ,IMPACT strength - Abstract
In this study, we produced Aluminum oxide (Al
2 O3 ) reinforced carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP, GFRP) composites and investigated mechanical and tribological properties. Al2 O3 was dispersed in epoxy resin using a mechanical stirrer. The composites are produced via the hand lay-up method and dried at room temperature for 48 hours. The properties of composites were determined via Archimedes' method, flexural, impact, hardness and wear tests. The highest flexural strength and hardness were found at 946.3 MPa and 48.7 HBA for 3 wt.% Al2 O3 reinforced CFRP, respectively. The highest impact strength was observed at 187.4 kJ/m2 for an un-reinforced GFRP composite. The lowest Coefficient of Friction (COF) and wear depth was found 3 wt.% Al2 O3 reinforced GFRP composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Numerical Study on the Behaviour of Hybrid FRPs Reinforced RC Slabs Subjected to Blast Loads.
- Author
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Hosseini, Mahdi, Jian, Bingyu, Jian Zhang, Haitao Li, Lorenzo, Rodolfo, Hosseini, Ahmad, Ghosh, Pritam, Feng Shen, Dong Yang, and Ziang Wang
- Subjects
REINFORCED concrete ,BLAST effect ,STRAIN rate ,COMPOSITE materials ,FINITE element method - Abstract
The safety of civilian and military infrastructure is a concern due to an increase in explosive risks, which has led to a demand for high-strength civil infrastructure with improved energy absorption capacity. In this study, a Finite Element (FE) numerical model was developed to determine the effect of hybrid Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as a strengthening material on full-scale Reinforced Concrete (RC) slabs. The reinforcing materials under consideration were Carbon (CFRP) and Glass (GFRP) fibres, which were subjected to blast loads to determine the structural response. A laminated composite fabric material model was utilized to model the failure of composite, which facilitates the consideration of strain rate effects. The damaged area of the laminate is determined in the FE model, and it is in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results in the literature. Models containing different stacking sequences were built to demonstrate their efficiency in resisting blast loads. In general, the damaged area was reduced when a hybrid reinforcement with CFRP as the top layer was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Finite Element Analysis of Strengthening Method Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer in Tensile Zones of Historical Domed Structures: Edirnekapi Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Dome.
- Author
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ÖZ, Hatice and SOYLUK, Asena
- Subjects
FINITE element method ,EARTHQUAKES ,GLASS fibers ,EFFECT of earthquakes on buildings ,CARBON fibers ,HISTORIC buildings ,MOSQUES ,PRESERVATION of architecture - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications (JASA) is the property of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Introduction, Context, and Motivations of a Circular Economy for Composite Materials
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Colledani, Marcello, Turri, Stefano, Diani, Marco, Mathes, Volker, Ribeiro, Diogo, Series Editor, Naser, M.Z., Series Editor, Stouffs, Rudi, Series Editor, Bolpagni, Marzia, Series Editor, Colledani, Marcello, editor, and Turri, Stefano, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Parametric Study on Neutral Axis Growth of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer and Steel Bars
- Author
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Zaki, Ahmad, Thamrin, Rendy, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Lie, Han Ay, editor, Sutrisna, Monty, editor, Prasetijo, Joewono, editor, Hadikusumo, Bonaventura H.W., editor, and Putranto, Leksmono Suryo, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. A Review on Machining Potential of Composite Materials During Abrasive Water Jet Machining
- Author
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Dahiya, Anil Kumar, Bhuyan, B. K., Kumar, Shailendra, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Series Editor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Kwon, Young W., Series Editor, Trojanowska, Justyna, Series Editor, di Mare, Francesca, Series Editor, Govindan, Kannan, editor, Kumar, Harish, editor, and Yadav, Sanjay, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. V-Notched Specimen Testing
- Author
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Merzkirch, Matthias and Merzkirch, Matthias
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Tensile Testing
- Author
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Merzkirch, Matthias and Merzkirch, Matthias
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Mechanical Behavior of Composite Materials
- Author
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Huda, Zainul, Kulacki, Francis A., Series Editor, and Huda, Zainul
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Rehabilitation and Retrofitting of Structural Elements Using Various Fibers
- Author
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Varun, N., Sudarshan, G., Shivaraj, A., Sridevi, G., di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Kolathayar, Sreevalsa, editor, Ghosh, Chandan, editor, Adhikari, Basanta Raj, editor, Pal, Indrajit, editor, and Mondal, Arpita, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Improving the flexural behavior of RC beams strengthening by near-surface mounting
- Author
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AL-Ameedee Hadeel S. and Al-Khafaji Hayder M.
- Subjects
cfrp ,gfrp ,strengthening concrete beam ,steel reinforcement ,frp reinforcement ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
This article presents the experimental investigations undertaken to evaluate the strengthening and enhancement characteristics of near-surface mounted (NSM) devices using different types of bars. A total of 4 concrete beams (150 mm × 300 mm × 1,500 mm) were reinforced in flexure. Three beams strengthened with different embedments of NSM (carbon fiber-reinforced polymer [CFRP], Glass fiber-reinforced polymer [GFRP], and steel) bars, and one unstrengthened beam used as a control beam were tested under monotonic static loading to determine the enhancing influence of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. The performance of different bars used to establish the concrete is examined. A general methodology to evaluate the improving flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with NSM–FRP bars is presented. A quantitative criterion governing debonding failure is established. The proposed bond model assumes linear elastic behavior for the concrete, adhesive, and NSM–FRP bars, following the same philosophy as the American concrete institute [ACI] provisions for bond analysis and design to control the cracks. So FRP reinforcements show substantial deformation before failure when the cross-sectional area is based on a permissible strain during service, so there is no need to check the deformability. The results of the tests show that using NSM–CFRP bars improves the flexural capacity and stiffness of the strengthened concrete beams of other types.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Structural Behaviour of Polystyrene Foam Lightweight Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRP Laminates
- Author
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Wael M. Montaser, Ibrahim G. Shaaban, Amr H. Zaher, Sadaqat U. Khan, and Mustafa N. Sayed
- Subjects
lightweight concrete (LWC) ,polystyrene beads ,beam strengthening ,advanced composite materials ,GFRP ,CFRP ,Systems of building construction. Including fireproof construction, concrete construction ,TH1000-1725 - Abstract
Abstract Lightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the most important building materials nowadays. Many research studies were focused on LWC produced using lightweight aggregates. However, limited work was cited for LWC produced using polystyrene beads. In this study, LWC beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) were experimentally tested to investigate the improvement in their flexural and shear behaviours. LWC in this investigation was achieved by partial replacement of normal aggregate by polystyrene beads and resulted in approximately 30% less weight compared to Normal weight concrete. Fourteen Reinforced Concrete (RC) LWC beams of 100 mm by 300 mm cross section having an overall length of 3250 mm were tested under four-point bending. These beams were designed, detailed, and tested to obtain flexural and shear mode of failure. These beams were divided into two groups based on the intended failure mode. In each group, six beams were strengthened using CFRP and GFRP laminates, while the remaining one beam was used as control. The tested parameters were the type of FRP, the width of the laminates used in shear strengthening, and the number of layers used in flexural strengthening. It was found that strengthening of LWC beams using CFRP and GFRP layers resulted in increasing the loading capacity and decreasing deflection as compared to control. The strengthening with CFRP and GFRP is also suitable in reducing the crack width and crack propagation which is more significant in LWC beams. The experimental results were also compared with the expressions in codes for forecasting the strength of LWC beams and it was that these expressions are compatible with the experimental results.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Investigation of transverse reinforcement for R.C flat slabs against punching shear and comparison with innovative strengthening technique using FRP ropes
- Author
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Mohamed H. Makhlouf, Gamal Ismail, Ahmed H. Abdel Kreem, and Marwa I. Badawi
- Subjects
Punching shear ,CFRP ,GFRP ,Strengthening ,Transverse reinforcements ,ABAQUS ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
This research seeks to examine punching shear reinforcements using various materials and techniques, then evaluate their effectiveness in order to increase the punching strength of flat-slab-column connections (FSCC). Additionally, a novel strengthening method utilizing FRP ropes was suggested and investigated. In this study, sixteen FSCC with cross sections of (1600 × 1600 × 150) mm and stub columns with a cross section of 200 × 200 mm and a total height of 700 mm extended outside both sides of the slab were constructed and tested. The transverse reinforcements ''stirrups'' have been varied in [material types - spacing - width- shapes]. The variables were: the materials used (steel, CFRPs ''carbon fiber reinforced polymers'', GFRPs ''glass fiber reinforced polymers''), spacing between stirrups (30, 50, 70 mm), the width of stirrups (140, 280 mm, and variable width stirrups as a novel scheme), and Case condition (internal reinforcement or external strengthening). The experimental results indicated a significant increase in punching shear resistance for the FSCC reinforced with stirrups by 25–85 % when compared to the control specimen. The results demonstrated the superiority of the CFRP as a strengthening material over any other materials, also, the novel scheme proposed in this study (variable width stirrups) gave the highest punching capacity compared to the identical case slabs. To validate the experimental results, a finite element analysis using ABAQUS/CAE6.14 was performed, and the results were very close to the experimental one. Moreover, theoretical equations have been verified on the experimental specimens. Finally, experimental, theoretical, and analytical results were compared. The novel scheme and CFRP stirrups were recommended to use for enhancing the punching shear resistance.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Variable Thickness Strain Pre-Extrapolation for the Inverse Finite Element Method.
- Author
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Poloni, Dario, Oboe, Daniele, Sbarufatti, Claudio, and Giglio, Marco
- Subjects
- *
FINITE element method , *EXTRAPOLATION , *STRUCTURAL health monitoring , *LAMINATED materials , *FIBROUS composites - Abstract
The inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM) has recently gained much popularity within the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) field since, given sparse strain measurements, it reconstructs the displacement field of any beam or shell structure independently of the external loading conditions and of the material properties. However, in principle, the iFEM requires a triaxial strain measurement for each inverse finite element, which is seldom feasible in practical applications due to both costs and cabling-related limitations. To alleviate this problem several techniques to pre-extrapolate the measured strains have been developed, so that interpolated or extrapolated strain values are inputted to elements without physical sensors: the benefit is that the required number of sensors can be reduced. Nevertheless, whenever the monitored components comprise regions of different thicknesses, each region of constant thickness must be extrapolated separately, due to thickness-induced discontinuities in the strain field. This is the case in many practical applications, especially those concerning fiber-reinforced composite laminates. This paper proposes to extrapolate the measured strain field in a thickness-normalized space, where the thickness-induced trends are removed; this novel method can significantly decrease the number of required sensors, effectively reducing the costs of iFEM-based SHM systems. The method is validated in a simple but informative numerical case study, highlighting the potentialities and benefits of the proposed approach for more complex application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A review on fabrication techniques and tensile properties of glass, carbon, and Kevlar fiber reinforced rolymer composites
- Author
-
M.S.H. Al-Furjan, L. Shan, X. Shen, M.S. Zarei, M.H. Hajmohammad, and R. Kolahchi
- Subjects
GFRP ,CFRP ,AFRP ,Tensile testing ,Stress ,Displacement ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
The reduction of both energy consumption and production/maintenance costs in the industry requires the use of advanced engineering materials with remarkable features, including lightweight and long-term service life. As one of the advanced engineering materials, composites are widely applied in industry and civilian daily life. Nevertheless, there are some mechanical factors such as tensile strength restricting the application of such a material. To this end, this study is aimed to comprehensively review the recent research on the effects of fabrication characteristics on the tensile resistance of GFRP, CFRP, and AFRP composites. As revealed by recent progress, the epoxy resin is an advisable option for the production of high-performance polymeric composites due to the remarkable tensility, compression, and corrosion resistance. However, the high cost of epoxy resin is not favorable for mass production. In hybrid composites, stacking sequence is a vital factor that determines the ultimate tensile strength. In terms of higher mechanical performance, some researchers suggested using Kevlar fibers with woven orientation alongside the Carbon as axial fibers. At the same time, it is essential to carefully establish the value of fiber volume fraction. Otherwise, this can lead to dramatic internal defects such as agglomeration. In general, this review article was performed to investigate the impacts of composite fabrication characteristics such as fabrication method, reinforcing fibers orientation, fiber type, matrix phase type, and volume fraction of reinforcing phase on the tensile properties of composites used in aerospace, military, civil constructions, and automotive applications. In addition, the authors tried their best to make this research a credible source in the field of mechanical properties of CFRP, GFRP, and AFRP composites for future studies of other researchers.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A Review on Factors Affecting Machinability and Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
- Author
-
Ibrahim M. Alarifi
- Subjects
fiber-reinforced composite ,machinability ,delamination ,nfrcs ,cfrp ,gfrp ,Science ,Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc. ,TP890-933 - Abstract
The natural, glass, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are currently being replaced conventional materials due to their lower specific weight and superior strength properties. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) have grown in importance in real world applications recently due to a growing focus on the environmental and sustainability elements of engineering materials. The difficulty of machining FRP composites, which results in dimensional errors, poor product quality, and material damage, is due to their inhomogeneity, ease of deformation, and anisotropic nature. Moreover, this review gives an insight regarding recent developments and challenges that will help for upcoming researchers. The non-homogeneous properties and insufficient ductility of natural and synthetic fiber-reinforced composites have produced fracturing and discontinuous chips during the machining operations. The machinability of FRP composites depends on the constituents present in the composites. More delaminations were found in the natural fiber composites due to improper bonding and less compatibility with the polymer matrices, also the lower heat resistant property of the natural fibers causes serious problems during the machining process. Hence more studies are needed to decrease the thrust force and delamination damages in carbon, glass, and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Review on Factors Affecting Machinability and Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites.
- Author
-
Alarifi, Ibrahim M.
- Subjects
- *
FIBER-reinforced plastics , *FIBROUS composites , *NATURAL fibers , *BIOPOLYMERS , *CARBON fibers , *SUSTAINABLE engineering - Abstract
The natural, glass, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are currently being replaced conventional materials due to their lower specific weight and superior strength properties. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) have grown in importance in real world applications recently due to a growing focus on the environmental and sustainability elements of engineering materials. The difficulty of machining FRP composites, which results in dimensional errors, poor product quality, and material damage, is due to their inhomogeneity, ease of deformation, and anisotropic nature. Moreover, this review gives an insight regarding recent developments and challenges that will help for upcoming researchers. The nonhomogeneous properties and insufficient ductility of natural and synthetic fiber-reinforced composites have produced fracturing and discontinuous chips during the machining operations. The machinability of FRP composites depends on the constituents present in the composites. More delaminations were found in the natural fiber composites due to improper bonding and less compatibility with the polymer matrices, also the lower heat resistant property of the natural fibers causes serious problems during the machining process. Hence more studies are needed to decrease the thrust force and delamination damages in carbon, glass, and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Recent Progress on Natural Fibers Mixed with CFRP and GFRP: Properties, Characteristics, and Failure Behaviour.
- Author
-
Nugraha, Ariyana Dwiputra, Nuryanta, Muhammad Irfan, Sean, Leonard, Budiman, Kresna, Kusni, Muhammad, and Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL fibers , *HYBRID materials , *SYNTHETIC fibers , *COMPOSITE materials , *LAMINATED materials , *GLASS fibers - Abstract
Research on natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composite is continuously developing. Natural fibers from flora have received considerable attention from researchers because their use in biobased composites is safe and sustainable for the environment. Natural fibers that mixed with Carbon Fiber and or Glass Fiber are low-cost, lightweight, and biodegradable and have lower environmental influences than metal-based materials. This study highlights and comprehensively reviews the natural fibers utilized as reinforcements in polyester composites, including jute, bamboo, sisal, kenaf, flax, and banana. The properties of composite materials consisting of natural and synthetic fibers, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, fatigue, and hardness, are investigated in this study. This paper aims to summarize, classify, and collect studies related to the latest composite hybrid science consisting of natural and synthetic fibers and their applications. Furthermore, this paper includes but is not limited to preparation, mechanism, characterization, and evaluation of hybrid composite laminates in different methods and modes. In general, natural fiber composites produce a larger volume of composite, but their strength is weaker than GFRP/CFRP even with the same number of layers. The use of synthetic fibers combined with natural fibers can provide better strength of hybrid composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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