Search

Septate uterus with duplicate cervices and double vagina is a rare Müllerian duct anomaly mostly found in labor or gynecological examination. We present a case of a 40-year-old asymptomatic parous patient diagnosed with double cervix and complete vaginal septum. She was admitted to hospital due to abnormal histopathology of suspicious cervical squamous papillary carcinoma post-salpingectomy. Her genital malformation was seriously addressed due to the cervical lesion. The diagnosis of cervical cancer in the left cervix and LSIL in the right cervix was made after LEEP conization. She received laparoscopic hysterectomy with salpingectomy and partial vagina wall resection for radical resection of the lesion. We report this case to present irregular findings during colposcopy, hysterectomy, and histopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Viral recombination is common and contributes to genetic heterogeneity and integrity. • Phylogeny incongruence exists in papillomavirus and hints recombination. • Unbalance of theoretical support and actual evidence exists on recombination in HPV. • Recombination in HPV may impact genotyping and vaccination. Papillomaviruses (PV) have a wide distribution of hosts, among which human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recognized as the major cause of cervical cancer. HPV is characterized by its high genetic variability with more than 200 genotypes identified, and numerous variants exist within the same genotype. Though phylogenetic incongruence between early gene and late gene of PVs was observed, the recombination in HPV was not taken seriously until the last two decades. The first report of evidence on HPV recombination was published in 2006, in which only intertypic ancient recombination events were identified. Since then, several publications on recombination in HPV provided evidence for intertypic as well as intratypic recombination. Recombination may create challenges on HPV genotyping and vaccination that could cause a great impact in screening and prevention of cervical cancer. Here, we review the literature on recombination and summarize the reasons underlying the difficulties for detecting recombination in HPV. In addition, we analyze the potential consequences of HPV recombination and make further prospects for clinical practice in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]