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A ternary nanocomposite was prepared using cerium oxide, chitosan, and graphene oxide (CeO2/CS/GO) using a simple and cost-effective wet chemical method. The physicochemical properties of the developed ternary nanocomposite were examined using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the therapeutic behavior of the developed CeO2/CS/GO composite was assessed using anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer assays. For Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella species, 750 µg/mL of the CeO2/CS/GO composite showed effective anti-bacterial activity, with a zone of inhibition of 9 mm. Additionally, the CeO2/CS/GO composite's anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus niger was studied. The anti-cancer properties of different concentrations of the CeO2/CS/GO composite were assessed on MCF-7 cells, and 18.8% of cells were found to be viable at the maximum concentration of 1000 µg/mL CeO2/CS/GO and 46.37% at 125 µg/mL. The results of the hemolysis assay performed using human red blood cells and various concentrations of the CeO2/CS/GO composite indicated that the nanocomposite possesses biological properties. Overall, it can act as a therapeutic platform for breast cancer, bacterial and fungal infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prepared a spherical CeO2/GO/c-MWCNT (Cerium oxide/Graphene oxide/Multiwalled Carbon nanotube) nanocomposite whose surface morphology looks porous and fibrous. The stacked layer of GO and c-MWCNT was stuffed with porous aminatedCeO2nanoparticles (NPs). Their physio-chemico aspects were probed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In addition, proposed porous CeO2/GO/c-MWCNT hybrid nanosystem, cisplatin-loaded CeO2/GO/c-MWCNT hybrid system (CeO2/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT) and cisplatin (CDDP) was subjected to HeLa cells to examine % cell inhibition under a suitable in-vitro microenvironment. % Cell Inhibition at 1000 µg/mL of CeO2/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT system was found to be of 91.82% and for 7.8 µg/mL concentration, it was found to be 61.41% on HeLa cell lines. CeO2/GO/c-MWCNT system has achieved 99.96% encapsulation efficiency with cisplatin drug. Hence, Cytotoxicity results are more significant for CeO2/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT when compared to CeO2/GO/c-MWCNT system. Further, the developed CeO2/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT hybrid nanosystem was taken up for Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) dual fluorescence staining study to record the morphology assisted variations in both live and dead cells using fluorescence spectroscopy. Later, a flow cytometry study was performed to monitor the cell cycle at which the maximum cells were dead. In the current work, at the first stage (R1) the CeO2/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT system was able to kill 3,76,659 cells in a cell culture medium that has a total volume of 4,91,748 HeLa cells at a lower concentration of 15.6 µg/mL. Based on the observations from the present in-vitro investigations, the developed CeO2/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT hybrid nanosystem can be used as therapeutic platform for cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the ultrasonic approach, we produced a morphology involving a cerium oxide/ zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite-based system. The developed nanocomposite was examined using X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The average crystallite size was found to be 11.44 nm, as determined by XRD. An FTIR analysis was used to confirm the existence of functional groups. FESEM was used to verify the morphological properties of CeO2/ZnO/GO. The micromorphology of the CeO2/ZnO/GO nanocomposite reveals a smoother sheet-like structure. In addition, using an antiproliferative assay test, the developed nanosystem was evaluated for its scavenging anti-cancer capability against HeLa cell lines in various doses at various incubation intervals. In our investigation, the effective IC50 concentration was reported to be 62.5 µg/ml at 72 h. Further, the developed nanosystem was evaluated for its killing efficacy against a normal cell line. To identify the apoptosis-associated alterations of cell membranes throughout the apoptosis process, a dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining was done using the CeO2/ZnO/GO nanocomposite in three specific concentrations. The quantitative analysis was carried out using flow cytometry (FACS study) to determine the cell cycle during which the greatest number of HeLa cells were destroyed. According to the results of the FACS investigation, the maximum cell cycle has taken place in P2, P4.As a result, the newly designed CeO2/ZnO/GO hybrid has demonstrated improved anti-cancer efficacy against the HeLa cell line, making it a better therapeutic agent for cervical cancer detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, Cerium Oxide/Zinc Oxide (CeO2/ZnO) composite nanorods are fabricated on aluminium foil substrate using microwave assisted hydrothermal technique. Their crystalline and morphological properties were confirmed using X-Ray diffraction technique (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aim is to estimate the potential purpose for implementing to possible lead sensor and to analyse their anti-cancer properties against HeLa cells for cervical cancer applications. The developed structural CeO2/ZnO composite and ZnO nanoparticle systems have been evaluated for anti-cancer efficacy against HeLa (cervical cancerous cell line) and normal (VERO-non cancerous) cell lines. Their results reveal that, CeO2/ZnO composite nanorods have higher cytotoxic behavior than ZnO NPs against HeLa cancer cells. Under optimized conditions, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study the surface area and employed as working electrode to exploit on sensor characteristics towards the Pb ions. The substantial working electrode characteristics were investigated in phosphate buffer solution (PBS pH 7.4) diluted rice water medium using CV towards typical Pb ions detection. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) reveals the sensitivity (19.32 µM/mA) with detection limit (LOD) 14.7 nM and compared with previously reported electrodes exhibiting significant electrochemical sensing activity towards Pb ions. Thus the outcomes on structural CeO2/ZnO composite system can be used as electrochemical lead sensor and cervical cancer diagnosis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we developed a morphology involved cerium oxide/graphene oxide hybrid (CeO2/GO hybrid) nanocomposite based system using the ultrasonic method. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) have been performed to analyse the developed nanocomposite. The crystallite size of the hybrid was found to be 3.86 nm comparably lower than that of pure CeO2 (7.4 nm) which was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction analysis. The presence of functional groups was affirmed using FTIR analysis. The morphological features of pure CeO2 and hybrid were verified using FESEM. FESEM images reveals that, pure CeO2 nanoparticles are highly agglomerated and CeO2/GO hybrid possess nano-rectangular morphology. In addition, the developed hybrid system has been analysed to evaluate its scavenging anti-cancer potential against HeLa cell lines at various concentrations and incubation intervals using antiproliferative assay test. The test results reveals that, as the concentration of hybrid nanocomposite increases the cell death also increases. Here, "IC50" refers to lowest concentration of sample (CeO2/GO hybrid) at which nearing 50% of HeLa cells remains alive and rest of the cells remains dead. In our study, 31.2 µg/ml is considered to be IC50 value for which nearing 50% of cells remains dead and it has been attained at an incubation period of 72 h. An dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining, was performed at two specific concentrations (i.e.) 125 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml of developed hybrid nanocomposite to identify apoptosis-associated changes of cell membranes during the process of apoptosis. Change in color for both live cells (green) and dead cells (red) were viewed using fluorescence microscopy. The quantitative analysis was done using flow cytometry (FACS study) to investigate the cell cycle at which maximum number of HeLa cells has been killed due to interaction with developed CeO2/GO hybrid. The FACS study test results reveals that, maximum cancer cells were arrested at R3 (G2/M) phase. Hence, the developed CeO2/GO hybrid has shown improved anticancer efficacy against HeLa cell line and thus it acts as a better therapeutic agent for cervical cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]