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The effective return of irregularly staying migrants is identified as an overriding objective in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, while return operations are the fastest-growing activity of Frontex. Since the 2019 amendment of its Regulation, the agency has received a significant augmentation of its mandate and capacity in pre-return and return-related activities. This way, Frontex takes a centre-stage role in the Commission’s plan to intensify returns. This article fills the relevant gap in existing literature, updating our knowledge on the latest legislative developments in EU return operations and answering questions related to their human rights implications at a time when the scrutiny over Frontex is at its peak. The article discusses the human rights risks of these operations and the effectiveness of the available safeguards. This article is the product mainly of legal doctrinal research, i.e. the analysis of the relevant EU law and legal literature, along with civil society and institutional reports and other empirical documentation. At the same time, it also looks at quantitative data on the agency’s return activities from 2004 until 2019.

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Item does not contain fulltext Conferentie onderzoek ZonMW Gevolgen COVID-19 voor rechtspraak en de fundamentele rechten van kwetsbare rechtzoekenden, 16 februari 2022

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This article discusses the recast Blue Card Directive (BCD) on the admission of highly qualified non-EU migrant workers. The recast Directive aims to facilitate employers in their demand of non-EU talent and enhances migrant workers’ rights. As this article demonstrates, challenges remain in view of the prerogative of Member States to maintain national schemes and benefit from wide discretion. We conclude that if Member States implement the recast restrictively, the recast BCD could be an example of ‘failing forward’, a next step in a continuous process failing to achieve the Commissions’ ambitions of harmonizing EU migration law. Yet, by engaging in a novel legislative approach which we coin ‘encapsulating harmonisation’ of EU and national migration law, the Commission manages to enhance the level playing field aimed for, especially on improving migrant workers’ rights. Whether the Recast BCD will indeed attract more highly qualified migrants to work in the EU, however, will depend on Member States’ implementation and their use of the discretion afforded by the BCD.

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In the face of time constraints, adjudicators have developed practices dealing with urgent cases, including through interim measures. Indeed, in urgent human rights cases, petitioners continue to request the use of interim measures. At the same time, at UN and regional level states have at times shown their displeasure with the use of interim measures and have sometimes done so in a concerted manner. Thus, there is a need to consider how these measures can be as persuasive as possible. This chapter explores the issues of legitimacy and the protective potential of interim measures and refers to obstacles undermining this potential, which are discussed further by different authors throughout this book. This chapter sets out the approach taken in this book, and introduces the subsequent chapters, where various practitioners and scholars further analyse the protective potential and legitimate use of interim measures and other practices dealing with urgent cases.

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The state is an important presence in the lives of many minority families. This special issue aims to investigate the interactions of minority families with law and state institutions from a socio-legal perspective, with a particular focus on issues relating to children. This introduction focuses on two observations. First of all, minority families tend to get into contact with law and state institutions relatively often. For migrant and transnational families, migration law can have a large and enduring impact on many aspects of their lives. Furthermore, marginalisation of minorities and differences in decision-making by state actors can contribute to an overrepresentation of minority families in state interventions such as the child protection or criminal justice systems. Secondly some minority families tend to avoid state law and institutions. Especially in family matters such as marriage or divorce, minority family members may look for alternative options outside of the state, concluding religious marriages or divorces. El Estado es una presencia importante en las vidas de muchas familias de minorias. Este numero especial pretende investigar las interacciones de las familias de minorias con las leyes y las instituciones estatales desde una perspectiva socio-juridica, con especial atencion a los temas relacionados con ninos. Esta introduccion se centra en dos observaciones. En primer lugar, las familias de minorias tienden a entrar en contacto con las leyes y las instituciones estatales con relativa frecuencia. Para familias migrantes y transnacionales, la marginalizacion de las minorias y las diferencias en la toma de decisiones de agentes estatales puede contribuir a una sobrerrepresentacion de las familias de minorias en intervenciones estatales como la prostitucion infantil o los sistemas de justicia penal. En segundo lugar, algunas familias de minorias tienden a eludir las leyes y las instituciones estatales. Especialmente en asuntos familiares como el matrimonio y el divorcio, los miembros de familias de minorias pueden buscar opciones alternativas fuera del Estado, como matrimonios y divorcios religiosos. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1210

Naar aanleiding van het eerdere pleidooi van Van Domselaar in het NJB voor meer realisme ten aanzien van de professionele identiteit en beroepsethiek van advocaten, geeft de auteur met deze bijdrage gehoor aan de oproep voor meer context-sensitief empirisch onderzoek en biedt zij meer inzicht in het belang van de context voor het beroepsethisch handelen in het asielrecht. Een analysekader bestaande uit vier rolbenaderingen gebaseerd op Angelsaksische literatuur is hierbij behulpzaam en kan het Nederlandse debat verdiepen. De meerwaarde van empirisch onderzoek ligt in een beter begrip van de rechtspraktijk; dit kan een constructieve dialoog tussen de wetenschap en de advocatuur bevorderen, evenals de reflectie op hun rol tussen advocaten onderling.

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This paper focuses on cultural, religious, or ethnic claims made by family members in court cases against state institutions in the Netherlands. Based on an analysis of court judgements, I explore claims-making in cases regarding children from minority families in various fields of law. In the literature, such claims are often discussed in the context of the so-called cultural defence, where perpetrators of crimes make cultural claims to avoid or lessen punishment. However, family members may also make claims for exceptions of state policies, demand accommodation of particular practices, or to challenge discrimination by state institutions. The paper shows how Dutch courts are reluctant to engage with such claims, and often leave them out of court judgements entirely. I argue that this lack of engagement with cultural, religious, or ethnic claims should be understood in the context of general Dutch discourses of colour-blindness and assimilation of migrant minorities. Este articulo se centra en los argumentos culturales, religiosos o etnicos presentados por miembros de familias en casos judiciales contra instituciones del Estado, en Holanda. Basandome en un analisis de las sentencias judiciales, estudio la presentacion de argumentos en casos relacionados con ninos de familias de minorias en varios campos juridicos. En la literatura, dichos argumentos suelen comentarse en el contexto de la asi denominada defensa cultural, donde los autores de delitos presentan argumentos culturales para eludir o disminuir el castigo. Sin embargo, tambien los miembros de familias pueden presentar argumentos para excepciones de politicas estatales, para solicitar la aceptacion de determinadas practicas, o para aducir discriminacion por parte de instituciones del Estado. El articulo muestra como los tribunales holandeses son reacios a aceptar esos argumentos, y a menudo los excluyen totalmente de las sentencias. Aduzco que esta falta de implicacion con argumentaciones culturales, religiosas o etnicas deberia entenderse en el contexto de los discursos generales de Holanda sobre la asimilacion de minorias migrantes. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1209

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Contains fulltext : 207000.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Radboud University, 09 oktober 2019 Promotores : Terlouw, A.B., Schlössels, R.J.N. Co-promotor : Zwaan, K.M. 331 p.

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