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Cellulose acetate (CA) membranes used in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination techniques often face fouling challenges. In this experimental study, the phase inversion method was employed to investigate the incorporation of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONP) metal–organic frameworks (MOF), into the casting solution for composite CA‐RO membranes. The effects of varying GONP concentrations on fouling resistance and hydrophilicity were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, and water content analysis. The results demonstrated that the modified CA membrane with 0.05 wt% GONP exhibited improved water permeability (10.3 L/m2 h) and salt rejection (95.8%) compared with the pristine CA membrane. These improvements stem from increased hydrophilicity and reduced fouling. This study's findings suggest that incorporating GONP into the polymeric doped solution can effectively mitigate fouling issues and enhance the performance of RO membranes in desalination applications. Highlights: GONP enhances hydrophilicity, reducing fouling in desalination.Effects of varying GONP concentrations were studied.GONP‐CA membrane shows better permeability and salt rejection than pristine.Nanocomposite membranes promise in overcoming fouling in RO membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the present study was to desalinate seawater using Bacillus cereus gravel biofilm and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes with and without silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a potent and safe disinfectant for the treated water. Six desalination trials (I, II, III, IV, V and VI) were performed using the proposed biofilm/cellulose membrane. Results confirmed that Bacillus cereus gravel biofilm (microbial desalination) is the optimal system for desalination of seawater. It could achieve 45.0% RE (initial salinity: 44,478 mg/L), after only 3 h compared to the other tested treatments. It could also achieve 42, 42, 57, 43 and 59% RE for TDS, EC, TSS, COD and BOD, respectively. To overcome the problem of the residual salinity and reach complete elimination of salt content for potential reuse, multiple units of the proposed biofilm can be used in sequence. As a general conclusion, the Bacillus cereus biofilm system can be considered as remarkably efficient, feasible, rapid, clean, renewable, durable, environmentally friendly and easily applied technology compared to the very costly and complicated common desalination technologies. Up to our knowledge, this is the first time microbial biofilm was developed and used as an effective system for seawater desalination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose and Nanocellulose acetate (NCA) have attractive novel properties like excellent mechanical properties, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with environmental friendliness. Cellulose was extracted from rice straw wastes as an extra value, then it had been further transformed into NCA using the acidic hydrolysis technique. The structural, crystalline, morphological, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning microscopy, respectively. The particle size of the Nanocellulose extracted from rice straw was about 22 nm with a spherical shape. Development membranes were prepared with different concentrations of NCA to improve the performance and the anti-biofouling properties of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis (RO) membranes using a phase inversion technique. The structural of membranes were characterized by FTIR, water contact angle measurements, while the anti-biofouling properties were studied by static protein adsorption. The results indicated the development membrane features a lower contact angle accomplished with exhibits pore-forming ability and enhanced hydrophilicity of prepared membrane, furthermore the development cellulose acetate reverse osmosis (CA-RO) membranes with 40:60% RNCA:CA produced a salt rejection of 97.4% and a water flux of 2.2 L/m2 h. the development membrane have resists effectively protein adsorption and microbial growth showed from the results of Static protein adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to prepare cellulose acetate (CA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes supported onto nonwoven polyester fabric to withstand the applied high pressure. The supported CA-RO membrane with a 250 µm was selected to investigate the surface modification by grafting n-isopropyl acrylamide (N-IPAAm) and crosslinking with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm). The surface roughness of the modified grafted and crosslinked membranes were measured with different areas of 0.5 µm × 0.5 µm, 1 µm × 1 µm and 5 µm × 5 µm by atomic force microscope. Average roughness (Ra) values were decreased from 5.51 to 1.27 nm and 2.31 nm for the unmodified CA-RO, the grafted and grafted/crosslinked supported-CA-RO membranes, respectively. The performance of the fabricated supported CA-RO membranes was tested and proved the high stability to 30 bar. It was found that the salt rejections of pristine supported CA, 0.1% N-IPAAm grafted supported CA and 0.1 N-IPAAm/0.013% MBAAm/supported CA-RO membranes were 85.91%, 92.4% and 96.4%, respectively. Moreover, it was noticed that the water flux values were 6 L/m2h for the unmodified supported membrane, 3.89 L/m2h for the grafted membrane and 3.75 L/m2h for the crosslinked/grafted supported CA-RO membrane at 14 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were prepared by the dry-wet phase inversion technique for desalination application. The effect of evaporation time on the properties of the prepared cellulose acetate membrane has been investigated. Different evaporation time was selected such as (30, 60, 90 and 120 s). The membrane characterization was carried out by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements. Brackish water was used as a feed solution in a cross flow unit to evaluate the membrane performance. The effect of the evaporation time on the membrane's water flux and salt rejection was tested. The results showed that the different evaporation time has affected the structure as deduced by the FTIR analysis. The SEM analysis showed the asymmetric CA membranes structure, where a thin dense selective barrier layer was deposited (in a finger-like structure) on the surface of the prepared membranes. As the evaporation time increased, the thickness of this layer has increased and the value of the contact angle has decreased. The highest rejection, obtained from the membrane that was prepared with the evaporation time 60 s, reached 96.5% salt rejection with a relatively low flux of 1.0234 L/m² h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the original publication, the author name "Shaker M. Ebrahim" was mistakenly omitted in the author group. The correct author group was provided in this correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]