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In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC) with antimicrobial properties was produced from waste jasmine flower through sequential fermentations with the fungus Trichoderma reesei and the bacterium Taonella mepensis. In this process, waste jasmine flower was first used for producing cellulase and xylanase with Trichoderma reesei. The activities of cellulase and xylanase in waste jasmine flower reached 66.54 U/g and 107.25 U/g, respectively. Waste jasmine flower was hydrolyzed enzymatically on-site and the resulting hydrolysate was used for BC production. The highest BC yield from supplemented jasmine flower hydrolysate (SJFH) was 4.78 g/L, 2.1 times higher than that from Hestrin and Schramm (HS) medium. BC samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and antibacterial analysis. The results showed that both the nano structure and thermal property of BC from SJFH medium (BC-JF) were similar to those of BC from HS medium (BC-HS). Furthermore, BC-JF composite displayed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Considering the good biocompatibility of BC-JF to human umbilic vein endothelial cells, this antibacterial BC-JF, which was bioconverted from waste jasmine flower, shows great medical and pharmaceutical application potential. [Display omitted] • Functional bacterial cellulose (BC) was synthesized from waste jasmine flower. • This process is green and cheap. • Jasmine flower hydrolysate significantly improved BC yield. • BC from jasmine flower showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. • BC from jasmine flower demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Development of BC/BF adsorbent for the first time through co-fermentation. • High PNP adsorption potential of BC/BF composite. • Pore filling, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding all involved in PNP adsorption. • Renewability and reusability of BC/BF adsorbent. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nano-plastics (PNP) is a major source of water pollution which in turn causes health issues in humans. There is no effective method to completely remove PNP from wastewater. In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC)/bacterial flocculant (BF) composite was produced from PNP ammonia hydrolysate through the co-cultivation of Taonella mepensis WT-6 and Diaphorobacter nitroreducens R9. The structural characterization of the BC/BF composite through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal and mechanical analyses demonstrated that the amino-group-rich flocculant produced by the D. nitroreducens R9 was incorporated into the BC network without interfering the self-aggregation of cellulose fibrils. Fast PEP removal was observed in pure and tap water with maximum sorption capacity (Qmax) of 124.65 mg/g and 115.60 mg/g, respectively, whereas least removal was observed for campus lake water with a Qmax value of 84.78 mg/g. A 10 mM SO 4 2− significantly decreased the adsorption capacity to 44.52 mg/g, while 2 mM Ca2+ contributed to the adsorption of PNP with a maximum adsorption capacity of 144.78 mg/g at pH 6.0. The potential adsorption mechanism was investigated through adsorption kinetic studies, isothermal models, and thermodynamics studies. The adsorbed BC/BF was recycled by desorbing PNP with ammonia water, and the eluent could be utilized as a medium for sustainable production of BC/BF. The reusable BC/BF adsorbent produced through the co-culture technique can effectively control PNP pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]