1. Bone marrow stromal and anterior cruciate ligament remnant cell co-culture-derived extracellular vesicles promote cell activity in both cell types.
- Author
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Lin SY, Wu SC, Liu ZM, Chou PP, Zhao C, Ho ML, and Lu CC
- Subjects
- Animals, Rabbits, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A metabolism, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A genetics, Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Cell Communication, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Male, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism, Coculture Techniques, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cells cytology, Cell Proliferation, Anterior Cruciate Ligament cytology, Anterior Cruciate Ligament metabolism, Cell Movement, Cell Survival
- Abstract
The significance of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remnants during reconstruction remains unclear. Co-culturing ACL remnant cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) may reduce apoptosis and enhance hamstring tendon activity. This study investigated whether extracellular vesicles (EVs), which facilitate cell-cell interactions, act as the active components, improving graft maturation in this co-culture. The effects of EVs on cell viability, proliferation, migration and gene expression in the rabbit ACL remnant cells and BMSCs were assessed using control (BMSC-only culture), co-culture (ACL remnant cells and BMSCs, CM) and co-culture without EVs (CM ∆ EVs) media. EVs were isolated from control (BMSC-EV) and co-culture (CM-EV) media and characterized. CM significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-β)-, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-, collagen synthesis- and tenogenesis-related genes. However, CM-induced effects were reversed by the CM ∆ EVs treatment. CM-EV treatment exhibited higher potential to enhance proliferation, migration and gene expression in the ACL remnant cells and BMSCs than BMSC-EV and non-EV treatments. In conclusion, EVs, secreted under the coexistence of ACL remnant cells and BMSCs, primarily increase the cell viability, proliferation, migration and gene expression of collagen synthesis-, TGF-β-, VEGF- and tenogenesis-related genes in both cell types., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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