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• Single-layer three-dimensional structured illumination microscope (SL3D-SIM) can achieve fast continuous imaging of living cells at certain depth. • The reconstruction algorithms for SL3D-SIM were mostly constructed on the Wiener-SIM framework which is complex and time-consuming. • Joint space-frequency reconstruction (JSFR) framework establishes a fast reconstruction method for SL3D-SIM. • A 90 times improvement of the reconstruction speed to that of the conventional method. Although three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) that enhances the spatial resolution of widefield microscope in three dimensions has been successfully commercialized as a variety of products, the low imaging speed impedes its application in fast subcellular dynamics. To adapt to fast dynamics, most 3D-SIM setups provide an option for the users by canceling the axial scanning during the acquisition, by which two-dimensional optically-sectioned, super-resolved (OS-SR) time series can be obtained with single-layer 3D-SIM data. However, the conventional reconstruction workflow implemented in the frequency domain generally takes seconds for every single reconstruction, which nullifies real-time feedback for these 3D-SIM setups. In this paper, we establish a fast single-layer reconstruction approach for 3D-SIM by extending a high-speed reconstruction framework, joint space-frequency reconstruction (JSFR), to single-layer 3D-SIM. Consequently, the reconstruction speed is improved over the conventional method, without compromising the image quality. This approach is expected to provide a useful tool for 3D-SIM microscope manufacturers and their users to achieve real-time, single-layer imaging of living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-soluble carbon dots (CDs) have been successfully synthesized by green-one-pot hydrothermal method. The CDs with small particle size exhibit fairly good water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, up-converted photoluminescence, and low toxicity. What is more, the as-prepared CDs were successfully applied in the field of cell image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have good biocompatibility, high luminescence, and low photobleaching properties, which make them promising alternatives to fluorescent dyes for cell imaging. However, most of the reported GQDs lack targeted selectivity that limits their applications in biomedicine. To overcome the drawback, novel GQDs modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) or (3-carboxyl) phenyl bromide phosphine (TPP) were originally synthesized via a facile, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and large-scale preparation method. The GQDs-PEI was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process, and then TPP was conjugated to the GQDs-PEI via the amide linkage. The physicochemical, optical, biocompatible, and targeted imaging properties were evaluated systematically. The results indicated that the average sizes of the as-produced GQDs-PEI and GQDs-TPP were 3.75 and 3.25 nm, respectively. More significantly, the two composites had excellent optical property, low cytotoxicity and selective targeting and imaging properties for cell nucleus or mitochondria, suggesting their promising applications as the cell nucleus imaging or mitochondria imaging in vivo and in vitro for diagnosis and therapy of some related diseases. • GQDs were originally synthesized via a facile, low-cost, and large-scale method. • The synthesized GQDs had excellent optical property and low cytotoxicity. • The synthesized GQDs can selectively target and image the nucleus and mitochondria. • The imaging properties of GQDs were comparable to the commercial fluorescent dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]