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Objective Combining text mining (TM) and clinical decision support (CDS) could improve diagnostic and therapeutic processes in clinical practice. This review summarizes current knowledge of the TM-CDS combination in clinical practice, including their intended purpose, implementation in clinical practice, and barriers to such implementation. Materials and Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify full-text English language studies published before January 2022 with TM-CDS combination in clinical practice. Results Of 714 identified and screened unique publications, 39 were included. The majority of the included studies are related to diagnosis (n  =   26) or prognosis (n  =   11) and used a method that was developed for a specific clinical domain, document type, or application. Most of the studies selected text containing parts of the electronic health record (EHR), such as reports (41%, n  =   16) and free-text narratives (36%, n  =   14), and 23 studies utilized a tool that had software "developed for the study". In 15 studies, the software source was openly available. In 79% of studies, the tool was not implemented in clinical practice. Barriers to implement these tools included the complexity of natural language, EHR incompleteness, validation and performance of the tool, lack of input from an expert team, and the adoption rate among professionals. Discussion/Conclusions The available evidence indicates that the TM-CDS combination may improve diagnostic and therapeutic processes, contributing to increased patient safety. However, further research is needed to identify barriers to implementation and the impact of such tools in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]