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WOS: 000333342600006, The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and C. lanienae which are the most common causes of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, in clinically healthy cattle, sheep and chickens. A total number of 2700 abattoir samples containing 150 intestinal contents and 150 gall bladders from each of the animal species in each of the three provinces located in the east of Turkey. Following the inoculation of the samples onto modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (mCCDA), Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 24.7% (667/2700). In the analysis of the isolates with species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the identification percentages of Campylobacter species were determined as 78.1% for C. jejuni, 23.7% for C. coli, 1.2% for C. lanienae and 1.0% for C. lari. To the authors' knowledge, this study reports the isolation of C. lanienae in animals for the first time in Turkey and in chickens species for the first time in the world., Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-110O356], This study was funded by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, TOVAG-110O356).

WOS: 000333341900006, The prevalence of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) genes was investigated in isolates of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lanienae and C. lari originated from intestinal contents and gall bladders of clinically healthy cattle. In this study the presence of 10 pathogenic genes responsible for the expression of adherence, invasion, colonization and cytotoxin production was examined in 210 Campylobacter species (194 C. jejuni, 12 C. coli, 3 C. lari, one C. lanienae) isolated from cattle intestinal content and gall bladder. In addition, Campylobacter isolates were investigated for production of functional cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) using HeLa cell culture. The presence of flaA (100%), cadF (96.7%), virB11(14.8%), pldA(39%), ciaB(30), dnaJ (61%), racR (63.8%), cdtA (70.5%), cdtb (70.9%) and cdtC (71.9%) genes was detected in Campylobacter species by PCR. Only three Campylobacter strains produced cytolethal distending toxin in a HeLa cell assay. These data suggest that all 10 virulence genes are widespread among Campylobacter isolates, but that capacity of cdt production are low in HeLa cell culture. To the authors'knowledge, this is the first study which reports the presence of virulence and toxin genes in C. lanienae isolated from cattle in the world., Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-110O356], This study was funded by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, TOVAG-110O356).