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The paper describes an investigation into hydrogenation of furfural over ruthenium catalysts supported on porous aromatic frameworks. The supports were designated as PAF-30-SO3H, PAF-30-NH2, and PAF-30. The synthesized catalysts were tested in furfural hydrogenation carried out in water and in tetrahydrofuran (with a concentration of 10 wt %) at 90–250°C and a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. Although the highest furfural conversion (96%) was achieved in the case of its hydrogenation in water at 250°C over Ru-PAF-30, these conditions did not favor product selectivity. The reaction products mainly consisted of furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and cyclopentanone. The highest yield of cyclopentanone, 71% (with 80% conversion and 89% selectivity) was observed in furfural hydrogenation over Ru-PAF-30 at 200°C, whereas the conditions optimal for selective hydrogenation of furfural into furfuryl alcohol were found to include either tetrahydrofuran as a solvent or water as a solvent and low temperatures (90–150°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalysts based on Ru and Pd nanoparticles on mesoporous hybrid supports consisting of mesoporous phenol–formaldehyde polymers and silica were synthesized. The catalysts were tested in furfural hydrogenation at 150–250°С and hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. In furfural hydrogenation in the presence of the Pd catalyst, the yield of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was 99% when performing the reaction in ethanol, whereas the Ru catalyst showed high selectivity with respect to cyclopentanone (80%) in furfural hydrogenation in water. The hybrid catalysts exhibit higher activity than the polymer analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous nanospherical resorcinol-formaldehyde polymers NSMR-1 and NSMR-2 are synthesized. They are characterized by an average material particle size of 289 and 156 nm, respectively. Hybrid catalysts NSMR-Ru-1 and NSMR-Ru-2 were fabricated, which are Ru nanoparticles included in the structure of polymer supports NSMR-1 and NSMR-2. The catalysts were tested in the guaiacol hydrogenation at a temperature of 200°C and a hydrogen pressure of 5.0 MPa in an aqueous medium. It was found that the NSMR-Ru-2 catalyst, which is characterized by a smaller support particle size, exhibits a higher activity compared to the NSMR-Ru-1 catalyst. Experiments were carried out on the hydrogenation of guaiacol in a mixture with methanol, acetic acid, and furfural over the NSMR-Ru-2 catalyst. The influence of oxygenates on the conversion of guaiacol and the selectivity for its hydrogenation products was displayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]