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Oxidized cotton cellulose with COOH contents of 16.0–24.0%, meeting USP requirements, was produced in the HNO3–H3PO4–NaNO2 system. This allowed it to be used as a biodegradable hemostatic agent. The structures of oxidized cotton celluloses were confirmed using IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis and were studied using X-ray diffraction structure analysis. Diffraction patterns of celluloses oxidized for 4–24 h had reflections characteristic of two polymorphic modifications, i.e., cellulose I (characteristic of starting cotton cellulose) and cellulose II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]