1. Oxidation Under Reductive Conditions: From Benzylic Ethers to Acetals with Perfect Atom‐Economy by Titanocene(III) Catalysis
- Author
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Pierre Funk, Ruben B. Richrath, Stefan Grimme, Fabian Bohle, and Andreas Gansäuer
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Steric effects ,Reaction mechanism ,oxidation ,Radical ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,Catalysis ,Reductive elimination ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oxidation | Hot Paper ,Atom economy ,titanium ,Research Articles ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,organic chemicals ,Aryl ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,radicals ,computational chemistry ,Oxidative addition ,0104 chemical sciences ,reaction mechanisms ,Research Article - Abstract
Described here is a titanocene‐catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of acetals and hemiaminals from benzylic ethers and benzylic amines, respectively, with pendant epoxides. The reaction proceeds by catalysis in single‐electron steps. The oxidative addition comprises an epoxide opening. An H‐atom transfer, to generate a benzylic radical, serves as a radical translocation step, and an organometallic oxygen rebound as a reductive elimination. The reaction mechanism was studied by high‐level dispersion corrected hybrid functional DFT with implicit solvation. The low‐energy conformational space was searched by the efficient CREST program. The stereoselectivity was deduced from the lowest lying benzylic radical structures and their conformations are controlled by hyperconjugative interactions and steric interactions between the titanocene catalyst and the aryl groups of the substrate. An interesting mechanistic aspect is that the oxidation of the benzylic center occurs under reducing conditions., Oxidations with reducing agents? Fact and not fiction in a reaction featuring titanocene(III) catalysis, H‐atom transfer, and an organometallic oxygen rebound. Acetals and hemiaminals can be readily prepared from benzylic ethers and amines, respectively, under mild reaction conditions and in high yields. The structures of the radical intermediates were elucidated by the CREST program.
- Published
- 2021
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