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Both behavioural and neurophysiological changes can be observed in cats that have experienced interference with their normal visual environment. This visual deprivation may result from alterations to the path of light forming the normal image on the retina, and includes changes that cause the image to fall on an inappropriate part of the retina so that normal binocular interactions are affected. While some neurophysiological changes can be observed at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus they become more prominent as information reaches the visual cortex, where cells commonly receive neural excitation from both eyes and require the information to come from corresponding parts of the two retinas and that the stimulus should have appropriate orientation and direction of movement. Many of the observations of deprivation in animals have clear parallels in the human environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]