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Abstract: Sleep is a basic biological process supporting emotion regulation. The emotion regulation function of sleep may be particularly important in the context of chronic stress. To better understand how chronic stress and sleep interact to predict mood, 66 parents of children with autism completed daily diaries assessing parenting stress, negative mood, and sleep quality for 6 consecutive days. Hierarchical linear modelling revealed that daily negative mood was predicted by between‐person differences in parenting stress and between‐person differences in sleep efficiency. Further, between‐person differences in sleep efficiency and within‐person differences in sleep satisfaction moderated the impact of stress on mood. These data suggest that sleep disturbances may exacerbate the association between stress and mood in the context of chronic parenting stress. Further, high parenting stress appears to heighten the impact of transient sleep disturbances on mood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregiving stress increases risk for poor health. The overproduction of inflammatory markers is a core process contributing to this effect. In this study the authors investigated whether formal and informal social support act as protective factors against stress-induced immune dysregulation. Fifty-six parents of children with an autism spectrum disorder completed questionnaires on formal support services, informal social support, self-rated health, and daily somatic symptoms, and they provided a blood sample for analysis of C-reactive protein ( CRP), a biomarker of inflammation. The results indicated that greater informal social support was associated with lower CRP and that a higher number of formal support services received by the family was related to better self-rated health, fewer daily somatic symptoms, and lower CRP. Moreover, the impact of support services on the parents' CRP levels increased with child age. These findings highlight the role of formal and informal support in protecting the health of individuals facing caregiving stress across the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Acute laboratory Stressors elicit elevations in serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Chronic Stressors, such as family dementia caregiving, promote a state of chronic low-grade elevation in circulating inflammatory markers. The recurrent daily Stressors associated with chronic stress may lead to repeated and sustained activation of the physiological stress systems. The present study evaluated the possibility that greater exposure and reactivity to daily Stressors fueled increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers among family dementia caregivers, compared with noncaregiving controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 53 caregivers and 77 noncaregiving controls. A semistructured interview assessed the occurrence of daily Stressors in the past 24 h. A blood sample provided data on two inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results: Caregivers were more likely to experience multiple Stressors in the past 24 h than noncaregiving controls. The occurrence of multiple daily Stressors was associated with greater serum IL-6 and CRP levels. The greater occurrence of daily Stressors in the past 24 h partially mediated the relationship between dementia caregiving and CRP levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that the cumulative effect of daily Stressors promotes elevations in inflammatory markers. Greater exposure to daily Stressors may be a psychobiological mechanism leading to elevations in CRP levels among family dementia caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]