Search

Aims: The association of dairy products with cardiovascular disease and mortality risk remains heavily debated. We aimed to investigate the association between intake of total dairy and dairy products and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality., Methods and Results: We included 1929 patients (80% men, mean age 62 years) with stable angina pectoris from the Western Norway B-vitamin Intervention Trial. Dietary data were obtained via a 169-item food frequency questionnaire. Risk associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for relevant covariates. Non-linear associations were explored visually. The mean (±SD) dairy intake in the study population was 169 ± 108 g/1000 kcal. Median follow-up times were 5.2, 7.8, and 14.1 years for stroke, AMI, and mortality, respectively. Higher intake of total dairy and milk were positively associated with stroke risk [HR (95% CI): 1.14 (1.02, 1.27) and 1.13 (1.02, 1.27), cardiovascular mortality 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) and 1.07 (1.01, 1.13)] and all-cause mortality [1.07 (1.03, 1.11) and 1.06 (1.03, 1.10)] per 50 g/1000 kcal. Higher cheese intake was inversely associated with AMI risk [0.92 (0.83, 1.02)] per 10 g/1000 kcal. Butter was associated with increased AMI risk [1.10 (0.97, 1.24)] and all-cause mortality [1.10 (1.00, 1.20) per 5 g/1000 kcal., Conclusion: Higher dairy and milk consumption were associated with increased risk of mortality and stroke. Cheese was associated with decreased, and butter with increased, risk of AMI. Dairy is a heterogenous food group with divergent health effects and dairy products should therefore be investigated individually., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

Background and Aims: Apolipoproteins B (apoB) and A1 (apoA1) are major protein constituents of low-density and high-density lipoproteins, respectively, and serum concentrations of these apolipoproteins are associated with risk of atherosclerosis. Vitamin A (VA) has been implicated in lipoprotein metabolism. We evaluated the associations of serum apoB, apoA1 and their ratio (apoBAR) with risk of incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the possible modification by serum VA., Methods: Risk associations were assessed by Cox regression, and presented as hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation (SD) increment in log-transformed values of the lipid parameters, among 4117 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris, located in Western Norway. Interactions with VA were evaluated by including interaction terms in the models. The multivariate model included age, sex, smoking, hypertension, number of stenotic coronary arteries, left ventricular ejection fraction, C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate and statin treatment at discharge., Results: Median (25th, 75th percentile) age of the 4117 patients (72% male) was 62 (55, 70) years. ApoB and apoA1 were higher among patients in the upper versus lower tertiles of VA. During a median of 4.6 (3.6, 5.7) years of follow-up, 8.2% of patients experienced an AMI. Overall, we observed no significant associations between lipid parameters and AMI after multivariate adjustment. However, apoB and apoBAR were associated with AMI among patients in the upper tertile of VA (HR per SD 1.35, (95% CI: 1.11-1.65), and 1.42 (1.16-1.74), respectively, p for interactions ≤0.003)., Conclusions: The associations of apoB and apoBAR with incident AMI were confined to patients with elevated VA., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In the adult population, serum cholesterol level and risk of cardiovascular disease are related to some extent to habits and lifestyle established at an early age. We have estimated serum total cholesterol levels by means of a dry chemical method and have collected information on established cardiovascular risk factors among 1,203 young Norwegian men at conscription. 30 of the recruits with the highest serum cholesterol levels were later examined in the hospital's out-patient clinic. A total of 30.8% of the recruits were daily smokers. Mean serum total cholesterol was 4.05 mmol/l with a 97.5 percentile value of 6.31 mmol/l. The prevalence of coronary heart disease among parents was significantly higher among recruits from the upper cholesterol quintile (4.2%) compared with those in the lowest quintile (0.8%) (p = 0.02). These findings show that cholesterol screening at conscription is feasible and can be used to identify a group of men at high risk of subsequently developing cardiovascular disease.