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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health concern, highlighting the need for effective diagnostic tools. Zinc ions (Zn 2+ ) play a role in CVDs, but their detection is challenging. This study presents a multifunctional optical sensor, HD-Zn , designed to detect Zn 2+ in relation to CVDs. We developed a novel fluorescence probe, HD-Zn , by conjugating N,N -di(2-picolyl)ethylenediamine (DPEN) to HD via an amide bond, which results in fluorescence quenching due to photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). Adding Zn 2+ significantly increased fluorescence intensity in the near-infrared region (NIR-I). The probe showed a linear response to varying Zn 2+ concentrations, with a detection limit of 9.8 nM, appropriate for physiological conditions. Fluorescence imaging in RAW264.7 macrophages indicated lower intracellular Zn 2+ levels in foam cells compared to healthy cells, linked to CVDsprogression. In vivo imaging in mouse models showed decreased fluorescence intensity in the aorta with disease progression. Our findings confirm that HD-Zn is a reliable tool for measuring Zn 2+ levels in plaques and demonstrate its biosafety for detecting Zn 2+ in serum and urine, offering potential for clinical applications in CVDs diagnosis and monitoring.

Purine metabolism in the circulatory system yields uric acid as its final oxidation product, which is believed to be linked to the development of gout and kidney stones. Hyperuricemia is closely correlated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease, as attested by the epidemiological and empirical research. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge about hyperuricemia, with a special focus on its physiology, epidemiology, and correlation with cardiovascular disease. This review also discusses the possible positive effects of treatment to reduce urate levels in patients with cardiovascular disease and hyperuricemia, which may lead to an improved clinical treatment plan., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)