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Aims: The Italian Fabry Disease Cardiovascular Registry (IFDCR) comprises 50 Italian centres with specific expertise in managing cardiovascular manifestations and complications of patients with Fabry disease (FD). The primary aim of the IFDCR is to examine and improve the clinical care and outcomes of patients with FD by addressing several knowledge gaps in the epidemiology, natural history, genotype-phenotype correlations, diagnosis, and management of this condition, with particular focus on cardiovascular manifestations and complications., Methods and Results: The IFDCR is an international, longitudinal, multicentre, non-interventional, observational study. Consecutive patients aged ≥2 years with a diagnosis of FD will be included in the study. The recruitment period consists of two parts: the retrospective enrolment period, from January 1981 to December 2023, and the prospective enrolment period, spanning from January 2024 to December 2031. The registry collects baseline and follow-up data, including the enrolment setting, patient demographics, family history, symptoms, clinical manifestations, electrocardiogram, cardiovascular imaging, laboratory assessment, medical therapy, genetic testing results, and outcomes., Conclusions: The IFDCR is a national, multicentre, registry that includes patients with FD. It holds detailed and multiparametric data across the patient pathway and clinical manifestations, acting as a powerful tool for improving the quality of care and conducting high-impact research., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory non-communicable disease (NCD) characterised by the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus (periodontium), including alveolar bone, the presence of periodontal pockets, and bleeding on probing., Objectives: To outline, for family doctors, the implications of the association between periodontal and systemic diseases; to explore the role of family doctors in managing periodontitis as an ubiquitous non-communicable disease (NCD)., Methods: The consensus reports of previous focused collaborative workshops between WONCA Europe and the European Federation of Periodontology (using previously undertaken systematic reviews), and a specifically commissioned systematic review formed the technical papers to underpin discussions. Working groups prepared proposals independently, and the proposals were subsequently discussed and approved at plenary meetings., Results: Periodontitis is independently associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, and COVID-19 complications. Treatment of periodontitis has been associated with improvements in systemic health outcomes. The article also presents evidence gaps. Oral health care professionals (OHPs) and family doctors should collaborate in managing these conditions, including implementing strategies for early case detection of periodontitis in primary medical care centres and of systemic NCDs in oral/dental care settings. There is a need to raise awareness of periodontal diseases, their consequences, and the associated risk factors amongst family doctors., Conclusion: Closer collaboration between OHPs and family doctors is important in the early case detection and management of NCDs like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory diseases. Strategies for early case detection/prevention of NCDs, including periodontitis, should be developed for family doctors, other health professionals (OHPs), and healthcare funders. Evidence-based information on the reported associations between periodontitis and other NCDs should be made available to family doctors, OHPs, healthcare funders, patients, and the general population.

Aim: To explore the implications for dentists and family doctors of the association between periodontal and systemic diseases and the role of dentists and family doctors in managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and promoting healthy lifestyles., Materials and Methods: The consensus reports of the previous Focused Workshops on the associations between periodontitis and diabetes (2017) and periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (2019) formed the technical reviews to underpin discussions on both topics. For the association with respiratory diseases, a systematic review was specifically commissioned for the Workshop discussions. Working groups prepared proposals independently, and then the proposals were discussed and approved at plenary meetings., Results: Periodontitis is independently associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea and COVID-19 complications. Dentists and family doctors should collaborate in managing NCDs, implementing strategies for early detection of periodontitis in primary care centres and of cardiovascular diseases or diabetes in dental settings. Family doctors should be informed about periodontal diseases and their consequences, and oral health professionals (OHPs) should be informed about the relevance of NCDs and the associated risk factors., Conclusions: Closer collaboration between OHPs and family doctors is important in the early detection and management of NCDs and in promoting healthy lifestyles. Pathways for early case detection of periodontitis in family medicine practices and of NCDs in dental practices should be developed and evaluated., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is hematological neoplasia originating from plasma cells, which accounts for almost 1% of all oncologic malignancies. The median age of patients at diagnosis is about 65 years old and over. In this age group, cardiovascular (CV) diseases often co-exist, increasing the risk of adverse events related to MM treatment. A comprehensive search on the main educational platforms was performed and high-quality original articles and reviews were included., Areas Covered: Patients affected by MM are at risk for heart failure, uncontrolled systemic hypertension, accelerated ischemic heart disease, arterial/venous thromboembolism, and arrhythmias. These complications may be due to the effects of chemotherapy on the CV system, which may play on preexisting risk factors, and amyloid deposition at cardiac level., Expert Opinion: This review provides an updated overview of the spectrum of CV diseases that may affect MM patients, highlighting possible treatment strategies according to the latest recommendations. Cooperation between onco-hematologist and cardiologist is crucial in managing this population, in particular for adequate risk assessment, early diagnosis of CV complications, and proper treatment.

Cardiovascular diseases are the worldwide leading cause of mortality. Cardiovascular diseases are noncommunicable conditions with a complex pathogenesis, and their clinical manifestations include major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Epidemiologic evidence suggests a consistent association between periodontitis and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Some evidence supports a beneficial effect of the treatment of periodontitis on both surrogate and hard cardiovascular outcomes. This narrative review has been conducted as an update of the most recent evidence on the effects of periodontitis treatment on cardiovascular outcomes since the last commissioned review of the European Federation of Periodontology-American Academy of Periodontology World Workshop in 2012. Newer evidence originating from published randomized controlled trials confirms a positive effect of periodontal treatment on surrogate measures of cardiovascular diseases, whereas there have been no randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of periodontal treatment on the incidence of cardiovascular disease events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In conclusion, there is sufficient evidence from observational and experimental studies on surrogate cardiovascular measures to justify the design and conduct of appropriately powered randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of effective periodontal interventions on cardiovascular disease outcomes (ie, myocardial infarction and stroke) with adequate control of traditional cardiovascular risk factors., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.2% of the world's population, the sixth most common human disease., Material and Methods: There is now a significant body of evidence to support independent associations between severe periodontitis and several NCDs, in particular CVD. In 2012 a joint workshop was held between the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology to review the literature relating periodontitis and systemic diseases, including CVD. In the last five years important new scientific information has emerged providing important emerging evidence to support these associations RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The present review reports the proceedings of the workshop jointly organised by the EFP and the World Heart Federation (WHF), which has updated the existing epidemiological evidence for significant associations between periodontitis and CVD, the mechanistic links and the impact of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular and surrogate outcomes. This review has also focused on the potential risk and complications of periodontal therapy in patients on anti thrombotic therapy and has made recommendations for dentists, physicians and for patients visiting both the dental and medical practices., (© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Over the past few decades, lot of evidences have shown atherosclerosis as a chronic progressive disease with an exquisite inflammatory feature. More recently, the role of innate immune response in the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and an adaptive immunity imbalance, mostly involving T cell sub-sets, have been documented. Therefore, like in many other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, an altered innate-adaptive immunity crosstalk could represent the key of the inflammatory burden leading to atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression and to the breakdown of plaque stability. In this review, we will address the role of inflammasome in innate immunity and in the imbalance of adaptive immunity. We will discuss how this altered immune crosstalk is related to CAD onset and progression. We will also discuss how unravelling the key molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance in the development of therapeutic tools to delay the chronic progression and prevent the acute destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque., Competing Interests: None., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Background: Both inflammation and immunity are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Obesity is considered a major modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, however, the correlation between increasing degrees of obesity and cardiovascular risk is not clear yet. Aim of our study was to investigate how different degrees of obesity are associated with inflammation and immune system responses., Methods: One-hundred healthy individuals were divided into 3 groups according to body mass index (BMI): 22 overweight (OW), 26 obese (O) and 52 morbidly obese (MO). High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP, immunonephelometry), leptin (radio-immunoassay) and CD4+CD28nullT-lymphocytes (flow-cytometry), a particular subset of T-lymphocytes with pro-atherogenic and plaque-destabilizing properties, were assessed., Results: hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in O vs OW (p=0.036), in MO vs OW (p<0.001) and in MO vs O (p=0.012). Similarly, leptin levels were higher in O vs OW (p=0.02), in MO vs OW (p<0.001) and in MO vs O (p<0.001). CD4+CD28nullT-lymphocytes were higher in O vs OW (p<0.001), in O vs MO (p=0.03) and in MO vs OW (p=0.01). hs-CRP and leptin levels significantly correlated each other (r=0.39; p<0.001) and with waist circumference (r=0.52; p<0.001; r=0.64; p<0.001) and BMI (r=0.60; p<0.001; r=0.74; p<0.001)., Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that, notwithstanding higher levels of inflammation, MO are characterized by less detrimental immune activation, as shown by the reduced CD4+CD28nullT-cells expansion as compared to OW and O, which might translate in less immune vascular injury. These findings suggest that MO might represent a particular population, in which different pathophysiological mechanisms take part if compared with "classic" obesity., (Copyright © 2011 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.2% of the world's population, the sixth most common human disease. Material and Methods: There is now a significant body of evidence to support independent associations between severe periodontitis and several NCDs, in particular CVD. In 2012 a joint workshop was held between the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology to review the literature relating periodontitis and systemic diseases, including CVD. In the last five years important new scientific information has emerged providing important emerging evidence to support these associations. Results and Conclusions: The present review reports the proceedings of the workshop jointly organised by the EFP and the World Heart Federation (WHF), which has updated the existing epidemiological evidence for significant associations between periodontitis and CVD, the mechanistic links and the impact of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular and surrogateoutcomes. This review has also focused on the potential risk and complications of periodontal therapy in patients on anti thrombotic therapy and has made recommendations for dentists, physicians and for patients visiting both the dental and medical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years a growing body of evidence has emphasized the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of future cardiovascular events. CRP is a pentameric molecule widely utilized as a marker of infections and inflammation. The evidence that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and in plaque destabilization has lead to use of CRP as a marker of cardiovascular disease as well. First described as a component of the inflammatory pathway in acute coronary syndromes, CRP has been consistently found to be associated with the risk of future events in no-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes, independently of other risk factors, including troponine. Subsequently CRP has been described as a powerful marker of risk of future events in large populations of apparently healthy subjects. So far there is very little doubt that CRP represents a reliable marker of cardiovascular events, but some issues remain unanswered such as why CRP is a good marker of cardiovascular events and whether or not a better inflammatory marker exists. It must be stressed that CRP, because of its analytical and biological properties and the large amount of available data, is the only inflammatory marker accepted for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]