1. Cardioprotection mediated by exosomes is impaired in the setting of type II diabetes but can be rescued by the use of non-diabetic exosomes in vitro.
- Author
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Davidson SM, Riquelme JA, Takov K, Vicencio JM, Boi-Doku C, Khoo V, Doreth C, Radenkovic D, Lavandero S, and Yellon DM
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Exosomes ultrastructure, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism, HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins metabolism, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins metabolism, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells metabolism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Nanoparticles chemistry, Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Phosphorylation, Rats, Wistar, Tetraspanin 28 metabolism, Cardiotonic Agents therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Exosomes metabolism
- Abstract
Many patients with ischaemic heart disease also have diabetes. As myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients, treatments that increase cell survival in response to ischaemia and reperfusion are needed. Exosomes-nano-sized, lipid vesicles released from cells-can protect the hearts of non-diabetic rats. We previously showed that exosomal HSP70 activates a cardioprotective signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes culminating in ERK1/2 and HSP27 phosphorylation. Here, we investigated whether the exosomal cardioprotective pathway remains intact in the setting of type II diabetes. Exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation from non-diabetic and type II diabetic patients, from non-diabetic and Goto Kakizaki type II diabetic rats, and from normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic endothelial cells. Exosome size and number were not significantly altered by diabetes. CD81 and HSP70 exosome markers were increased in diabetic rat exosomes. However, exosomes from diabetic rats no longer activated the ERK1/2 and HSP27 cardioprotective pathway and were no longer protective in a primary rat cardiomyocytes model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury. Hyperglycaemic culture conditions were sufficient to impair protection by endothelial exosomes. Importantly, however, exosomes from non-diabetic rats retained the ability to protect cardiomyocytes from diabetic rats. Exosomes from diabetic plasma have lost the ability to protect cardiomyocytes, but protection can be restored with exosomes from non-diabetic plasma. These results support the concept that exosomes may be used to protect cardiomyocytes against ischaemia and reperfusion injury, even in the setting of type II diabetes., (© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.)
- Published
- 2018
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