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FUNDAMENTO: A análise dos resultados imediatos e a longo prazo da valvoplastia mitral por catéter-balão (VMCB) ainda são escassos na literatura, principalmente no contexto nacional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados imediatos e tardios dos pacientes submetidos à VMCB. MÉTODO: 330 pacientes consecutivos foram seguidos por 47 ± 36 meses (até 126 meses). Análises univariadas e multivariadas avaliaram os fatores relacionados ao sucesso do procedimento, à reestenose e aos eventos tardios (morte ou necessidade de nova intervenção na valva mitral). O método de Kaplan-Meier estimou a sobrevida livre de eventos. RESULTADOS: Houve sucesso do procedimento em 305 (92,4%). A anatomia valvar mitral foi o principal preditor de sucesso imediato do procedimento. Durante o seguimento, a reestenose ocorreu em 77 (23,3%) pacientes e esteve associada a menor área valvar mitral e maior calcificação antes do procedimento. Ocorreram 67 eventos em um tempo médio de seguimento de 38 ± 26 meses. A probabilidade de sobrevida livre de eventos foi de 95 % em 1 ano, 75% aos 5 anos e 61% aos 10 anos. Os preditores de sobrevida livre de eventos foram: idade, escore ecocardiográfico e resultado imediato do procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: A VMCB é um procedimento efetivo, sendo que mais de 60% dos pacientes estiveram livres de eventos ao final do seguimento. A condição anatômica da valva mitral e a idade do paciente foram os melhores preditores da sobrevida livre de eventos e devem ser levados em consideração na seleção dos pacientes para VMCB. BACKGROUND: The analysis of immediate and long-term results of mitral valvoplasty by balloon catheter (MVRBC) are still lacking in literature, mainly in the national context. OBJECTIVE: To assess the immediate and late results of patients submitted to mitral valve repair by balloon catheter. METHOD: A total of 330 consecutive patients were followed-up by 47 ± 36 months (up to 126 months). Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed the factors associated with the success of the procedure, restenosis and late events (death or necessity of new intervention on mitral valve). Kaplan-Meier method estimated survival without events. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 305 cases (92.4%). The mitral valve anatomy was the main predictor for immediate success for the procedure. During the procedure, restenosis occurred in 77 (23.3%) patients and was associated with smaller mitral valve area and with larger calcification before the process. In a mean period of 38 ± 26-month follow-up, 67 events occurred. The probability of survival without events was of 95% in one year, 75% in five years and 61% in ten years. The predictors of survival without events were: age, echocardiography score and immediate result of the procedure. CONCLUSION: Mitral valve repair by balloon catheter is an effective procedure, as 60% patients did not present events after the follow-up. The anatomical condition of the mitral valve and the patient's age were the best predictors of survival without events, and should be taken into account when selecting patients for the mentioned procedure. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2010; 94(3):383-390)

Background: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) are frequently present as initial rhythms during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Although ample evidence exists to support the need for rapid defibrillation, the response to in-hospital cardiac arrest remains without major advances in recent years. The delay between the arrhythmic event and intervention is still a challenge for clinical practice. Objective: To analyze the performance and safety of in-hospital use of a programmable, fully automatic external cardioverter-defibrillator (AECD). Methods: We conducted a prospective study at the Emergency Department of a university hospital. A total of 55 patients considered to be at risk of sustained VT/VF were included. Patients underwent monitoring of their cardiac rhythm by the AECD. Upon detection of a ventricular tachyarrhythmia, the AECD was programmed to automatically deliver shock therapy. Results: We recorded 19 episodes of VT/VF in 3 patients. The median time between the beginning of the arrhythmia and the first defibrillation was 33.4 s (21–65 s). One episode of spontaneous reversion of VT was documented 20 s after its origin and shock therapy was aborted. The defibrillation success was 94.4% (17/18) for the first shock and 100% (1/1) for the second shock. No case of inappropriate shock discharge was registered during the study period. Conclusion: The AECD has the feasibility to combine long-term monitoring with automatic defibrillation safely and effectively. It presents the possibility of providing rapid identification of, and response to, in-hospital ventricular tachyarrhythmias. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Background: The hemodynamic effects of noninvasive ventilation with positive pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension without left ventricular dysfunction are not clearly established. Objectives: Analyze the impact of increasing airway pressure with continuous positive airway pressure on hemodynamic parameters and, in particular, on cardiac output in patients with variable degrees of pulmonary hypertension. Methods: The study included 38 patients with pulmonary hypertension caused by mitral stenosis without left ventricular dysfunction or other significant valvulopathy. The hemodynamic state of these patients was analyzed in three conditions: baseline, after continuous positive pressure of 7 cmH2O and, finally, after pressure of 14 cmH2O. Results: The population was composed of predominantly young and female individuals with significant elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure (mean systolic pressure of 57 mmHg). Of all variables analyzed, only the right atrial pressure changed across the analyzed moments (from the baseline condition to the pressure of 14 cmH2O there was a change from 8 ± 4 mmHg to 11 ± 3 mmHg, respectively, p = 0.031). Even though there was no variation in mean cardiac output, increased values in pulmonary artery pressure were associated with increased cardiac output. There was no harmful effect or other clinical instability associated with use application of airway pressure. Conclusion: In patients with venocapillary pulmonary hypertension without left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac output response was directly associated with the degree of pulmonary hypertension. The application of noninvasive ventilation did not cause complications directly related to the ventilation systems. Fundamento: Os efeitos hemodinâmicos da ventilação não invasiva com pressão positiva em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar sem disfunção ventricular esquerda não estão bem estabelecidos. Objetivos: Analisar o impacto da pressurização aérea crescente através da pressão positiva contínua das vias aéreas nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e, principalmente, no débito cardíaco de pacientes com graus variáveis de hipertensão pulmonar. Métodos: Foram incluídos 38 pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar causada por estenose mitral sem disfunção ventricular esquerda ou outra valvopatia significativa. O estado hemodinâmico deses pacientes foi estudado em três condições: basal, após uso de pressão positiva contínua de 7 cmH2O e , finalmente, após pressão de 14 cmH2O. Resultados: A população foi composta por indivíduos predominantemente jovens, do sexo feminino e com elevação significativa da pressão arterial pulmonar (pressão sistólica média de 57 mmHg). De todas as variáveis analisadas, apenas a pressão de átrio direito apresentou variação ao longo dos momentos estudados (da condição basal para a de pressão de 14 cmH2O houve aumento de 8 ± 4 mmHg para 11 ± 3 mmHg, respectivamente, p = 0,031). Apesar de não ter havido variação do valor médio do débito cardíaco, valores mais elevados de pressões na artéria pulmonar estiveram associados ao aumento do débito cardíaco. Não houve efeito deletério ou qualquer instabilidade clínica associada ao uso da pressurização das vias aéreas. Conclusão: Em pacientes com hipertensão venocapilar pulmonar sem disfunção ventricular esquerda, a resposta do débito cardíaco esteve diretamente associada ao grau de hipertensão pulmonar. A aplicação de ventilação não invasiva não acarretou complicações relacionadas diretamente aos sistemas de ventilação.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os intervalos de tempo entre o início da Fibrilação Ventricular/Taquicardia Ventricular (FV/TV) e os principais procedimentos realizados. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas e filmadas 20 simulações de FV/TV em ambiente hospitalar, utilizando-se manequim estático, ocorridas em dia e hora aleatórios. Todas as equipes tinham o mesmo nível de habilidades. Foram analisados os tempos (em s) relativos ao suporte básico de vida (SBV) - chegada da equipe (TC) confirmação da parada (TCP) início da RCP (TI) e os tempos relativos ao suporte avançado de vida (SAV) - 1º desfibrilação (TD) 1º dose de adrenalina (TA) e intubação orotraqueal (TIOT). As variáveis foram analisadas e comparadas em dois grupos: unidade de cuidados intensivos (UCI) e enfermarias com telemetria (ETL). RESULTADOS: ETL x UCI respectivamente - TC (70,2+38,7 x 38,6+49,2); TCP (89,4+57,1 x 71+63,9); TI (166,8+81,1 x 142+66,2); TD (282,5+142,8 x 108,4+52,5); TA (401,4+161,7 x 263,3+122,8) e TIOT (470,3+150,6 x 278,8+98,8). Apresenta a comparação das médias de tempos entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: As diferenças observadas em relação a TD, TA e TIOT favoráveis à UCI estão associadas às facilidades de realização das manobras de SAV nesse ambiente. Os tempos relacionados ao SBV foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, reforçando a necessidade do uso de desfibriladores semi-automáticos mesmo em ambiente hospitalar. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time intervals between the beginning of the Ventricular Fibrilation/Ventricular Taquicardia (VF/VT) and the main procedures made. METHODS: Twenty VF/VT simulations were performed and filmed in a hospital environment, using a static mannequin, on random days at random times. All teams had the same level of skills. The times (in sec.) related to basic life support (BLS) - arrival of the team (AT), confirmation of the arrest (CAT), beginning of the CPR (IT) and the times related to the advanced life support (ALS) - 1st defibrillation (DT), 1st dose of adrenalin (AT) and orotracheal intubation (OTIT). The variables were analyzed and compared in two groups: intensive care unit (ICU) and wards with telemetry (TLW). RESULTS:The results in both groups was in that order (GW x ICU ) - AT (70.2+38.7 x 38.6+49.2); CCA (89.4+57.1 x 71+63.9); SC (166.8+81.1 x 142+66.2); FD (282.5+142.8 x 108.4+52.5); FE (401.4+161.7 x 263.3+122.8) e OI (470.3+150.6x278.8+98.8). Shows the comparison of the average times between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The differences noted in relation to DT, AT and OTIT favorable to ICU are associated to the facility of performance of the ALS maneuvers in such environment. The BLS-related times were similar in both groups, which reinforce the need for the use of semi-automatic defibrillators, even in a hospital environment.