1. The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
- Author
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Stransky N, Egloff AM, Tward AD, Kostic AD, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Kryukov GV, Lawrence MS, Sougnez C, McKenna A, Shefler E, Ramos AH, Stojanov P, Carter SL, Voet D, Cortés ML, Auclair D, Berger MF, Saksena G, Guiducci C, Onofrio RC, Parkin M, Romkes M, Weissfeld JL, Seethala RR, Wang L, Rangel-Escareño C, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Melendez-Zajgla J, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Gabriel SB, Meyerson M, Lander ES, Getz G, Golub TR, Garraway LA, and Grandis JR
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Apoptosis, Carcinoma metabolism, Carcinoma virology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Cell Differentiation, Exons, Head and Neck Neoplasms metabolism, Head and Neck Neoplasms virology, Humans, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell metabolism, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell virology, Papillomaviridae isolation & purification, Papillomavirus Infections virology, Point Mutation, Receptor, Notch1 metabolism, Sequence Deletion, Signal Transduction, Smoking, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Tobacco Products, Carcinoma genetics, Head and Neck Neoplasms genetics, Mutation, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell genetics, Receptor, Notch1 genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common, morbid, and frequently lethal malignancy. To uncover its mutational spectrum, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 74 tumor-normal pairs. The majority exhibited a mutational profile consistent with tobacco exposure; human papillomavirus was detectable by sequencing DNA from infected tumors. In addition to identifying previously known HNSCC genes (TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, PIK3CA, and HRAS), our analysis revealed many genes not previously implicated in this malignancy. At least 30% of cases harbored mutations in genes that regulate squamous differentiation (for example, NOTCH1, IRF6, and TP63), implicating its dysregulation as a major driver of HNSCC carcinogenesis. More generally, the results indicate the ability of large-scale sequencing to reveal fundamental tumorigenic mechanisms.
- Published
- 2011
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