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Probable human carcinogens are generated during Chinese-style high-temperature cooking of meat and have been detected in the ambient air and on the meat surface. Although the inhalation of these compounds is an established risk factor for lung cancer, exposure via fried meat consumption has not yet been prospectively evaluated as a risk factor. The relationship between fried meat intake and lung cancer risk was investigated using data from a prospective cohort study among Chinese in Singapore. Lung cancer cases (n = 1130) were identified from 61 321 men and women, 70% of whom were lifetime never smokers. Proportional hazards regression methods were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, there was no association between fried meat intake and risk of all lung cancers combined. For lung adenocarcinoma, fried meat intake had a statistically significant association with increased risk. The association between fried meat intake and risk of lung adenocarcinoma became stronger when analyses were restricted to lifetime never smokers. Compared with the lowest tertile of fried meat intake, the HRs (95% CIs) for the second and third tertiles were 1.43 (0.98, 2.08) and 1.51 (1.03, 2.22), respectively (P for trend = 0.04). The positive association was present among both men and women. There was no association between fried meat intake and risk of non-adenocarcinomas of the lung. Our prospective results for fried meat intake support consumption as an important route of exposure to compounds from Chinese-style high-temperature cooking for the development of lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]