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This book describes the changing role of pathology in aiding reproducible and accurate patient selection for predictive cancer therapy. Particular attention is given to the clinical application of cutting-edge cancer biomarkers to accurately select patients for targeted cancer therapy and how artificial intelligence can improve the precision of treatments. The advent and basis of predictive cancer care, the role of pathologists in translational cancer research, the analysis of cancer samples, the management of biopsy results, and the accuracy of biopsy results are also discussed. Precision Cancer Medicine: Role of the Pathologist details how pathologists can use the latest biomarkers and apply artificial intelligence technology in cancer diagnosis and management. It is also relevant to oncologists and medical practitioners involved in cancer management seeking an up-to-date resource on the topic.

Cancer is a collection of diseases that can affect basically every organ of our body, all of which have in common uncontrolled cellular growth. The cells forming our body have the potential to grow in the context of wound healing or for the constant replacement of cells in our blood, skin or intestine. Behind every newly diagnosed malignant tumor in adulthood there is an individual history of probably 20 or more years of tumorigenesis. Therefore, malignant tumor formation often takes time making cancer in most cases to an aging-related disease that we seem not to be able to evade. However, tumorigenesis is dependent on multiple environmental influences, many of which we have under control by lifestyle decisions, such as retaining from smoking, selecting healthy food and being physically active. Thus, cancer preventive interventions are the most effective way to fight against cancer. This textbook wants not only to describe basic mechanisms leading to cancer but also to provide the readers with a more holistic view including cancer surveaillance mechanisms of the immune system. We will place these insights in the context of the personal consequences of everyone's lifestyle decisions. The content of the book is linked to the lecture course in “Cancer Biology”, which is given by Prof. Carlberg since 2005 at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. Moreover, biological processes explained in this book will be set into a clinical context using the experience of Dr. Velleuer in the daily care in oncology. This book also relates to the textbooks “Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: How Science Works” (ISBN 978-3-030-52321-3), “Human Epigenetics: How Science Works” (ISBN 978-3-030-22907-8) and “Nutrigenomics: How Science Works” (ISBN 978-3-030-36948-4), the studying of which may be interesting to readers who like to get more detailed information.

Popular understanding holds that genetic changes create cancer. James DeGregori uses evolutionary principles to propose a new way of thinking about cancer's occurrence. Cancer is as much a disease of evolution as it is of mutation, one in which mutated cells outcompete healthy cells in the ecosystem of the body's tissues. His theory ties cancer's progression, or lack thereof, to evolved strategies to maximize reproductive success.Through natural selection, humans evolved genetic programs to maintain bodily health for as long as necessary to increase the odds of passing on our genes—but not much longer. These mechanisms engender a tissue environment that favors normal stem cells over precancerous ones. Healthy tissues thwart cancer cells'ability to outcompete their precancerous rivals. But as our tissues age or accumulate damage from exposures such as smoking, normal stem cells find themselves less optimized to their ecosystem. Cancer-causing mutations can now help cells adapt to these altered tissue environments, and thus outcompete normal cells. Just as changes in a species'habitat favor the evolution of new species, changes in tissue environments favor the growth of cancerous cells.DeGregori's perspective goes far in explaining who gets cancer, when it appears, and why. While we cannot avoid mutations, it may be possible to sustain our tissues'natural and effective system of defense, even in the face of aging or harmful exposures. For those interested in learning how cancers arise within the human body, the insights in Adaptive Oncogenesis offer a compelling perspective.

The book Psychoneurocybernetic Conquest of Carcinogenesis and Cancers is written to be understood by the informed layman as well as by scientists. It should be of special interest to physicians, health-care givers and laymen who want to know about the latest knowledge concerning the true cause of all cancers and their prevention, diagnosis and modern therapy. It will surely inform and entertain anyone who cares about ethics in medicine or the funding of medical research, including references to original scientific and popular literature. According to general (not only medical) knowledge, based upon personal experiences in conservative, surgical, thermo- and radiotherapy of neoplasms over many years, the authors have presented the dissipative nature of cancer so that everyone could understand the neoplastic diseases, the modern rules of psycho-oncology and the primary significance of one's own lifestyle in the formation and progress of cancer along with importance of caring about the environment inhabited by people. They have summarized the public reactions to cancer and infertility in relation to the historic discovery of natural psychoneurocybernetic cause of cancer, mathematical interpretation of its cause, obstetrical prevention of human cancers and psycho-neuro-endocrine therapy of diseases, especially caused by baneful information.

This volume reviews our current knowledge concerning can­ Several chapters discuss the contributions of genetic asp­ cer growth and progression as it relates to the etiology of ects, metabolism, endocrine-related aspects and nutrition to human cancer. As emphasized in Volumes I-V of this series, cancer progression. Moreover, our current knowledge con­ neoplastic diseases are multistep maladies. There are many cerning urbanization factors, radiation, therapy-induced causes for the appearance of neoplastic diseases. Earlier neoplasms, environmentally induced neoplasms (e. g., chapters in the series have reviewed molecular and cellular mesotheliomas induced by asbestos) and malignant neo­ aspects of tumor initiation, promotion and progression to plasms in organ transplant recipients are summarized. the invasive and metastatic phenotype. Contributions to the The impact of AIDS on neoplasm development is re­ initiation and progression of neoplastic diseases are made by viewed from an epidemiologic perspective that explores mul­ natural features of the environment and by its contaminants tiple facets of immunity, infectious disease, sexual behavior and by nutritional factors. Neoplastic diseases show a dis­ and blood transfusion. Other chapters investigate the in­ tinct relationship to a variety of environmental stimuli and fluence of the host immune response in oncogenesis and the to diseases of a non-neoplastic nature. For example, familial relationship between atherosclerotic plaques and tumors.

Cancer is a primary cause of human mortality worldwide. Despite decades of basic and clinical research, the outcome for most cancer patients is still dismal. Some stumbling blocks to developing effective therapy include the heterogeneity of cancer tissues, the lack of knowledge about the critical molecular mechanisms in cancer tissues (which are typically aberrant compared with mechanisms in normal tissue), and the lack of good mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. The recent findings that most cancers contain a small fraction of self-renewing, differentiation-blocked stem cell-like cells (cancer stem cells) and that it is these cells—and not the major bulk of the tissue—that are the root cause for cancer initiation and metastasis have also highlighted the need to change our approach to cancer therapy. The objectives of this book, therefore, would be to impart up-to-date information about the role of stem cells in the development of normal and cancerous tissue, the mechanisms that differentiate normal from cancerous functions, and the use of these findings in developing mechanism-based therapies.

Cancer research has reached a major turning point. The quality and quantity of information gathered about this disease in the past twenty years has revolutionized our understanding of its origins and behavior. No one is better qualified to comment on these dramatic leaps forward than molecular biologist Robert A. Weinberg, director of one of the leading cancer research centers in the world. In One Renegade Cell, Weinberg presents an accessible and state-of-the-art account of how the disease begins and how, one day, it will be cured. Weinberg tells how the roots of cancer were uncovered in 1909 and when the first cancer-causing virus was discovered. He then moves forward to the discovery of the role of chemical carcinogens and radiation in triggering cancer, and relates the remarkable story of the discoveries of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, the master controllers of normal and malignant cell proliferation. This book, which presumes little prior knowledge of biology, describes the revolution in biomedical research that has finally uncovered the forces driving malignant growth. Drawing on insights that simply were not available until recently, the discoveries presented in One Renegade Cell have already begun to profoundly alter the way that we diagnose and treat human cancers.