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Abstract: Carbon nanofiber–copper composite films with different types of nanofibers were fabricated by an electrodeposition process. Four types of carbon nanofibers, vapor-grown carbon nanofibers without heat treatment, vapor-grown carbon nanofibers with heat treatment, vapor-grown carbon nanofibers with smaller diameters, and vapor-grown carbon nanofibers with a cup-stacked nanostructure were used. The carbon nanofibers were homogeneously dispersed in sulfate copper plating baths in the presence of polyacrylic acid. Electrodeposition was carried out under galvanostatic conditions using these copper plating baths. The deposition resulted in electrodeposited copper films containing the carbon nanofibers distributed homogeneously. The surface morphology of the carbon nanofiber–copper composite films was observed to be affected by the type of carbon nanofiber used. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]