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We report in-plume carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentrations and carbon isotope ratios during the 2021 eruption of Tajogaite volcano, island of La Palma, Spain. CO 2 measurements inform our understanding of volcanic contributions to the global climate carbon cycle and the role of CO 2 in eruptions. Traditional ground-based methods of CO 2 collection are difficult and dangerous, and as a result only about 5 % of volcanoes have been directly surveyed. We demonstrate that unpiloted aerial system (UAS) surveys allow for fast and relatively safe measurements. Using CO 2 concentration profiles we estimate the total flux during several measurements in November 2021 to be 1.76±0.20×103 to 2.23±0.26×104 t d -1. Carbon isotope ratios of plume CO 2 indicate a deep magmatic source, consistent with the intensity of the eruption. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of UASs for CO 2 surveys during active volcanic eruptions, particularly for deriving rapid emission estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report CO2 emission rates and plume δ13C during the July 2023 eruption at Litli Hrútur in the Fagradalsfjall region of the Reykjanes Peninsula. The CO2 emission rates were measured by UAV utilizing a new method of data extrapolation that enables obtaining rapid flux results of dynamic eruption plumes. The δ13C values are consistent with degassing-induced isotopic fractionation of the magma during and after the eruption. Our results show that rapid, real-time CO2 flux measurements coupled with isotopic values of samples collected at the same time provide key insights into the dynamics of volcanic eruptions and have the potential of forecasting the termination of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]