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Economical and nanomolar-level determination of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (APAP), is reported in this work. A novel ternary nanocomposite based on silver-doped sugar apple-like cupric oxide (CuO)-decorated amine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) was sonochemically prepared. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized based on the ascorbic acid-mediated low-temperature method, and sidewall functionalization of CNTs was carried out. Important characterizations of the synthesized materials were analyzed using SEM, TEM, HAADF-STEM, elemental mapping, EDX, lattice fringes, SAED pattern, XRD, EIS, UV-Vis, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR. It was noted the sonochemically prepared nanocomposite diligently fabricated on screen-printed carbon electrode showcased outstanding electrocatalytic performance towards APAP determination. The APAP sensor exhibited ultra-low limit of detection of 4 nM, wide linear concentration ranges of 0.02–3.77 and 3.77–90.02 μM, and high sensitivity of 30.45 μA μM−1 cm−2. Moreover, further evaluation of the sensor's performance based on electrochemical experiments showcased outstanding selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Further, excellent practical feasibility of the proposed APAP sensor was affirmed with excellent recovery larger than 96.86% and a maximum RSD of 3.67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate detection of cytotoxic food preservative tert -butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) has significant importance in maintaining food quality and safety. TBHQ is a chronic hazard to aquatic life and its use in applications involving direct human exposure and frequent release to environment makes its quantification critical to maintain safety. Hence, we report development of a sensitive electrochemical sensor for TBHQ determination at nanomolar level in commonly used edible oils and water sample. Novel cupric oxide (CuO) decorated amine functionalized carbon nanotubes (NH 2 -CNTs) were prepared for development of TBHQ sensor. 3D CuO nanoflowers and NH 2 -CNTs were synthesized using hydrothermal and ultrasound-assisted method respectively. Techniques such as SEM, elemental mapping, XRD, FTIR, micro Raman, XPS, EIS, and UV–Visible spectroscopy were taken to affirm significant characterizations of synthesized materials. We have observed outstanding electrocatalytic activity towards TBHQ detection using the sonochemically prepared nanocomposite modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The proposed sensor exhibited ultra-low detection limit at 3 nM and exceptional sensitivity at 37.7 μA μM−1 cm−2. Furthermore, TBHQ sensor showcased outstanding anti-interference, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. The practical feasibility of TBHQ detection was validated using real sample analysis resulting in excellent recovery in the range 95.90–104.87% and a maximum RSD of mere 2.71%. ga1 • Nanomolar level detection of cytotoxic hazard tert -butylhydroquinone to maintain safety. • A novel 3D CuO NFs/NH 2 -CNTs nanocomposite was prepared based on sonochemical approach. • The developed TBHQ sensor showcased excellent sensitivity and ultra-low detection limit. • The practical feasibility of TBHQ detection in commonly used edible oils and water sample was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of marsh marigold-like ZnO nanoparticles and ecofriendly preparation of RGO. • Sonochemical preparation of RGO/ZnO for the sensitive detection of hydroquinone. • RGO/ZnO exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards hydroquinone detection. • Real-sample analysis was performed to evaluate the practical feasibility of sensor. A novel electrochemical sensor using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) decorated marsh marigold-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite for the detection of hydroquinone (HQ) is detailed in this paper. We have adopted an ecofriendly preparation procedure for the synthesis of RGO and the synthesis of marsh marigold-like ZnO is carried out using aqueous solution method. The RGO/ZnO nanocomposite is prepared based on ultrasonication technique using a high-intensity ultrasonic bath DC200H (200 W/cm2, 40 kHz) and is followed by its precise fabrication on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV visible spectroscopy of ZnO nanoparticles, RGO, and RGO/ZnO nanocomposite are analyzed in this work. Different electrochemical studies were performed in this work to investigate performance of the proposed electrochemical sensor and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques are used to achieve this. The oxidation and reduction peak currents of RGO/ZnO modified GCE exhibited sharp peaks at very low potential of 0.13 V and 0.06 V respectively. We have obtained a high sensitivity of 8.08 μA μM−1 cm−2, ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.01 μM, and a broad linear range of 0.1–92 μM for the proposed sensor. Moreover, the fabricated sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, good reproducibility, stability, and repeatability revealing the high efficiency of the proposed sensor. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to examine the practical feasibility of the developed sensor. The electrochemical studies conducted as part of the work shows that RGO/ZnO nanocomposite is an apt material for the highly sensitive and efficient detection of HQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel composite consisting of three dimensional (3D) hierarchical rose flower-like zinc oxide decorated with amine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH 2 -MWCNT/ZnO) was synthesized and applied to the effective electrochemical detection of morin, a flavonoid with health-promoting and therapeutic activities. We have used a hydrothermal technique to synthesize the 3D rose flower-like ZnO, which was then composited with NH 2 -MWCNT through a sonochemical method. The morphology and structure of the prepared materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were employed for the evaluation of electrochemical properties of the NH 2 -MWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite. Under optimal conditions, the NH 2 -MWCNT/ZnO modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) exhibits a broad linear response from 0.2 to 803.4 μM, excellent selectivity of 2.71 μAμM−1cm−2, and a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.002 μM. The practicability of the fabricated sensor has been confirmed by selectivity and real sample analyses. Furthermore, the developed sensor also shows good operational and storage stability. Image 1 • A novel 3D hierarchical rose flower-like ZnO was synthesized using hydrothermal method. • Sonochemical approach was used in the preparation of NH 2 -MWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite. • The proposed sensor exhibited very low detection limit, wide linear range, and excellent sensitivity. • Outstanding recovery results were obtained for the detection of morin in real fruit samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient degradation and accurate quantification of tetracycline in environment and food samples is pivotal for ensuring public health and safety by monitoring potential contamination and maintaining regulatory standards. Hence, in this study, photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and its electrochemical detection in environment and food samples based on dual-functional silver-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles embedded chitosan-functionalized carbon nanofibers fabricated on a screen-printed carbon electrode (AgZFO/CHIT-CNF/SPCE) is presented. A hydrothermal method was used in the synthesis of Ag-doped ZFO, and chitosan was functionalized on the CNF surface using a swift and cost-effective chemical modification process of carboxyl groups. Various techniques, such as XRD, HRTEM, elemental mapping, EIS, XPS, FTIR, VSM, BET, UV–Vis DRS, and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the characteristics of the prepared nanocomposite. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to evaluate the surface-controlled electrocatalytic properties of AgZFO/CHIT-CNF towards tetracycline. Electrochemical tests revealed that the proposed electrode exhibited excellent sensitivity for detecting tetracycline. The fabricated electrode had a low detection limit of 1 nM and a wide linear range (0.2–53.2 μM). The sensor also demonstrated exceptional selectivity, stability, and reusability. The practical feasibility evaluated with real samples, including chicken feed, shrimp, milk, soil, and wastewater, resulted in high recovery values. [Display omitted] • Ultrasensitive detection of polyketide drug tetracycline based on AgZFO/CHIT-CNF/SPCE. • Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline with high efficiency (95.72%) using dual-functional nanocomposite. • This is the first work that reports tetracycline detection using ZFO based nanomaterial. • A very low detection limit (1 nM) in nanomolar range was achieved for proposed sensor. • High recovery values for practical feasibility analysis in wastewater, soil, chicken feed, shrimp, and milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Sensitive and reliable detection of commonly used food additive tert -butylhydroquinone. • Prepared ZnCuMg TMO/β-CD-CB hybrid nanocomposite based on sonochemical approach. • Nanomolar-level detection limit and high sensitivity was achieved for the proposed TBHQ sensor. • Real sample analysis was conducted in edible oil samples to ensure practical feasibility of TBHQ detection. It is pivotal to precisely detect food preservatives to ascertain food quality and safety. In this work, we report the sensitive electrochemical detection of widely used cytotoxic food preservative tert -butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). A novel nanocomposite was sonochemically prepared by embedding ternary metal oxide (TMO) comprising ZnO, CuO, and MgO in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) functionalized carbon black (CB). The properties of the prepared nanocomposite were evaluated by employing multiple characterization methods. The nanocomposite fabricated on a screen printed carbon electrode exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic activity towards TBHQ detection, evident from the resultant very low detection limit of 1 nM and high sensitivity of 22.67 μA μM−1 cm−2. Moreover, the developed TBHQ sensor evinced all the important traits of a good electrochemical sensor including excellent selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, for validating practical feasibility of TBHQ detection, we successfully determined this food additive in edible oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GO-Fe/ZnO modified SPCE was used for the determination of chlorpromazine. • Sonochemical method was adopted in the preparation of GO-Fe/ZnO ternary nanohybrid. • The proposed sensor shows good sensitivity towards the detection of chlorpromazine. • Real sample analyses demonstrate the practical feasibility of the developed sensor. We report a novel electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective determination of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) based on the iron (Fe) nanoparticles-loaded graphene oxide (GO-Fe)/three dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanohybrid modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The 3D hierarchical honeycomb-like ZnO was synthesized using a novel aqueous hydrothermal method and the GO-Fe/ZnO nanohybrid was prepared based on an inexpensive and fast sonochemical method using a high-intensity ultrasonic bath (Delta DC200H, 200 W, 40 KHz). Characterizations including scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were carried out as part of this work. The electrocatalytic oxidation behavior of CPZ at various electrodes was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry technique, through which the GO-Fe/ZnO modified SPCE was identified as the best performing electrode. The quantitative determination of CPZ was then performed using the differential pulse voltammetry technique. The as-prepared GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor exhibited a quick and sensitive response towards the oxidation of CPZ with linear concentration ranges from 0.02 to 172.74 μM and 222.48 to 1047.74 μM. The modified SPCE sensor displayed a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 µM and a high sensitivity of 7.56 µA µM−1 cm−2. The proposed sensor also showed remarkable operational and storage stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, the practicability of the GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor has been verified with real sample analysis using commercial antipsychotic CPZ tablets and human urine samples, and adequate recovery has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]