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In the last two decades, environmental degradation has been a topic of concern. The rising level of CO 2 emissions (CO 2 E) has adversely affected life in the E7 countries, which comprise of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey. The increased in CO 2 E is the cause of rising sea levels in the E7 countries. Visibly, E7 nations which are considered as the largest emitters of CO 2 are facing the most severe environmental challenges. This study investigates the impact of eco-innovation, economic growth (EG), renewable energy consumption (REC), economic risk (ERI), and globalization on the CO 2 E, using the Feasible Generalized Lease Squares (FGLS) and Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) techniques for the period 1995 to 2018. The results indicate an inverted N-shaped relationship between eco-innovation and CO 2 E. Also, eco-innovation, REC, and economic risk are observed to be significant factors in abating CO 2 emissions. On the contrary, globalization and GDP are responsible for rising CO 2 E in E7 countries. According to empirical estimates, eco-innovation improves the efficiency of carbon emissions, which lowers CO 2 E. In addition, because they are immune to changes in the price of oil and gas and disruptions brought about by geopolitical events, renewable energy sources can offer countries a more secure energy source than fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources can reasonably cut CO 2 E while offering a more reliable and secure energy source. Therefore, it is crucial that policies be put in place to cut CO 2 E by giving priority to environmental innovative policies., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The study examined the impact of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, remittances, and economic growth on environmental degradation from the perspective of carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2 ) and ecological footprint for the top 50 remittance-receiving countries for 1991-2018. This study simulates the environmental future for attaining the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) using the latest datasets. This study is one of the few that empirically explores how various explanatory variables affect CO 2 and ecological footprint. The study employed the pool mean group autoregressive distributive lag (PMG-ARDL), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) techniques for the analysis. In the long-run, non-renewable energy and economic growth have a positive impact, whereas renewable energy and remittances have a negative impact on CO 2 and ecological footprint. The impact of non-renewable energy on CO 2 and ecological footprint is more significant than renewable energy in both the short- and long-run. Most of the variables have a bidirectional causality among each other. This highlights the need for a paradigm shift towards renewable energy in the top recipients specifically for developing countries., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)