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Carbon microspheres (CMSs) were grafted onto the surface of wool fibers by microwave irradiation. The morphologies of wool fibers grafting CMSs were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM ) . The length and diameter of wool fiber was characterized. Thermal stability of wool fibers grafting CMSs was analysised by TG. The flame retardant properties of wool fibers were measured by the values of LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index). The results showed that the breaking strength of flame retardant wool fibers were increased by 3. 4% and the LOI value of flame retardant wool fiber was 29. 5% which could reach to 29. 2% even after repeat washing (at least 30 times). Compared with original wool fibers, modified wool fibers exhibited excellent flame retardant property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]