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The tropical region is one of the regions that has a high potential for carbon reserves. 3D carbon of above-ground biomass (AGB) is a way to estimate potential carbon reserves using a vegetation height approach. Vegetation height is extracted from the height difference between DSM and DTM, updated with vertical deformation. This study aims to estimate 3D carbon stock (AGB) in Indonesia using the vegetation height approach. Carbon stocks were classified based on the land cover class of primary forest, mangroves, other vegetation, and all vegetation with a height of 1-40 m. Then, we identified which province had the highest carbon stock potential. The results obtained show that Papua Province had the largest AGB potential in Indonesia. The 3D carbon (AGB) volume based on mangrove class was 68,856,487,188 Mg³ with an area of 8266.6 km² and a perimeter of 16882 km. The total 3D carbon volume (AGB) based on the primary forest was 3,549,448,346,598 Mg³, with an area of 195,327 km² and a perimeter of 102,230 km. The total volume of 3D carbon (AGB) based on other vegetation was 17,031,593,026,337.00 Mg³ with an area of 112,210.40 km². Papua Province had a 3D carbon (AGB) volume based on the vegetation of 1-40 m with a volume of 20,649,897,860,123.00 Mg³, an area of 315,804.00 km², and a perimeter of 6,810.60 km. The largest 3D carbon (AGB) volume comparison value to the province's area was in Papua Province (64.46%). This 3D carbon (AGB) mapping can be done in a low-cost and time-efficient manner and produces precise and accurate spatial information. The estimation results can be used for a preliminary survey of various thematic information and policy applications related to carbon stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer is a non conductive materialthat can be conductive with carbon black filler to form polymer-carbon composite. polymer-carbon composite's resistance changes with gas. The conductivity of polymer-carbon composite is influenced by several factors,i.e. type of gas, volume of gas, temperature and humidity.. This research characterizes the polymer-carbon composite sensor from 6 types of polymers: PEG6000, PEG20M, PEG200, PEG1540, Silicon and Squelene. The sensors are treated with Aceton, Aceton Nitril, Benzene, Etanol, Methanol, Ethyl Aceton, Chloroform, n-Hexan and Toluene. This characterization are grouped into 4 cluster according to their selectivity, sensitivity, influence of temperature and humidity. sensors are put in an isolated chamber which is connected to data acquisition with the variations of temperature, humidity, type and volume of gas. Correspondence analysis and regression are used to process the data. Test results found that each sensor showed different sensitivity and selectivity towards particular type of gas. Resistance of sensors increases with rising temperature and humidity environment with order 2 and order 3 polynomial equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]