1. Protein Kinase C subtype δ interacts with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid protein and regulates viral RNA binding through modulation of capsid phosphorylation.
- Author
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Carey BD, Akhrymuk I, Dahal B, Pinkham CL, Bracci N, Finstuen-Magro S, Lin SC, Lehman CW, Sokoloski KJ, and Kehn-Hall K
- Subjects
- Animals, Capsid metabolism, Capsid Proteins genetics, Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine genetics, Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine genetics, Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine virology, Female, Horses, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Mice, Mice, Inbred C3H, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding, Protein Kinase C-delta genetics, RNA, Viral genetics, Capsid Proteins metabolism, Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine metabolism, Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine enzymology, Protein Kinase C-delta metabolism, RNA, Viral metabolism
- Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role during the life cycle of many viruses. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) capsid protein has recently been shown to be phosphorylated at four residues. Here those studies are extended to determine the kinase responsible for phosphorylation and the importance of capsid phosphorylation during the viral life cycle. Phosphorylation site prediction software suggests that Protein Kinase C (PKC) is responsible for phosphorylation of VEEV capsid. VEEV capsid co-immunoprecipitated with PKCδ, but not other PKC isoforms and siRNA knockdown of PKCδ caused a decrease in viral replication. Furthermore, knockdown of PKCδ by siRNA decreased capsid phosphorylation. A virus with capsid phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine (VEEV CPD) displayed a lower genomic copy to pfu ratio than the parental virus; suggesting more efficient viral assembly and more infectious particles being released. RNA:capsid binding was significantly increased in the mutant virus, confirming these results. Finally, VEEV CPD is attenuated in a mouse model of infection, with mice showing increased survival and decreased clinical signs as compared to mice infected with the parental virus. Collectively our data support a model in which PKCδ mediated capsid phosphorylation regulates viral RNA binding and assembly, significantly impacting viral pathogenesis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
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