1. High-yield green synthesis of N-doped hierarchical porous carbon by Nitrate-Mediated organic salt activation strategy for capacitive Deionization: Universality and commerciality.
- Author
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Shi, Mingxing, Lu, Keren, Hong, Xianyong, Qiang, Hua, Liu, Chun, Ding, Zhoutian, Wang, Fengyun, and Xia, Mingzhu
- Subjects
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DOPING agents (Chemistry) , *SURFACE active agents , *POROSITY , *TERTIARY structure , *SALT , *ALUMINUM foam - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Nitrate-mediated organic salt activation strategy was proposed to fabricate high-yield-high-performance NHPC. • Tertiary porous structure and surface-exposed active sites facilitated salt ion removal. • The splendid desalination capability and rapid desalination kinetics were acquired. • The universality and commerciality for NHPCX y were further investigated. Developing a green and facile strategy for high-yield preparing N-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) for capacitive deionization (CDI) is a huge challenge for desalination. So far, there are limited reports on high-yield NHPC synthesis. Herein, a novel nitrate (NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , Zn(NO 3) 2 and NH 4 NO 3)-mediated-organic salt activation strategy was exploited to construct NHPCX y (X = Na, K, Zn, NH 4 ; Y(nitrate ratio) = 1, 3, 5). Thereinto, C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 served as activator and nitrate acted as assisted-activator and foaming agent. Compared with C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 activation, NHPCNa 3 acquired by NaNO 3 -C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 co-activation achieved 35.5% high yield and depicted 3D macroarray structures with high specific surface area (S BET) of 1912.2 m2/g, large pore volume (V pore) of 1.56 cm3/g and 1.21 % N content. Its tertiary pore structure and rich surface-exposed active sites favored the ions rapid insertion and extraction from the micropores. The final NHPCNa 3 delivered an excellent salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 19.74 mg/g. Moreover, it exhibited 14.61 mg/g high SAC at 15.5 mg/cm2 and only showed 9.4% SAC drop after 50 cycles. While using diverse biomass precursors, it obtained an optimal SAC of 23.16 mg/g. NHPCK 3 , NHPCZn 3 and NHPC(NH 4) 3 also presented the feature of high-yield-high-performance. The high yield came from the foaming effect of nitrate and the property difference may be ascribed to the different cations. This work provides one span-new green universality strategy to design high-yield-high-performance NHPCs in commercial-grade CDI applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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