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Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the fungal infections in patients of an intensive care unit (ICU) in a long period (2002-2012) on the example of the Lodz Medical University Hospital No 1. This analysis was focused on the study of the effect of antimicrobial therapy on the level of these infections., Methods: A total of 291 strains of fungi were isolated from blood, tips of central intravenous catheters, lower respiratory tract, urine, wounds, pressure sores, and cerebrospinal fluid of 3177 patients. An automatic system Bactec 9050, Yeast ID Phoenix BD panels and E-tests (BioMerieux) were used for the fungi analysis., Results: The studies were mainly concentrated on the Candida infections, distinguishing cases caused by C. albicans and C. non-albicans pathogens. Changes in the number of these infections in consecutive years have been associated with epidemiological and therapeutic activities in the ICU. Particularly, relationships between the number of infections and the use ofceftazidime were discussed. A statistically significant positive correlation of the count of Candida infections and the ceftazidime consumption was found in the period to 2006. In the later years, the correlation was destroyed as a result of other important therapeutic factors (eg, immunosuppressive drugs)., Conclusions: It has been found that the number of Candida infections in the ICU depends on the consumption of antimicrobial drugs. This conclusion is based on quantitative example of ceftazidime. Only close cooperation between the ICU and microbiologists is able to provide a reduction in nosocomial fungal infections.