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Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare malignancy that accounts for 1-2% of gastrointestinal tumours. We investigated the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of primary SBA.Methods: We retrospectively analysed the characteristics and clinical courses of 205 SBA patients from 11 institutions in Japan between June 2002 and August 2013.Results: The primary tumour was in the duodenum and jejunum/ileum in 149 (72.7%) and 56 (27.3%) patients, respectively. Sixty-four patients (43.0%) with duodenal adenocarcinoma were asymptomatic and most cases were detected by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which was not specifically performed for the detection or surveillance of duodenal tumours. In contrast, 47 patients (83.9%) with jejunoileal carcinoma were symptomatic. The 3-year survival rate for stage 0/I, II, III, and IV cancers was 93.4%, 73.1%, 50.9%, and 15.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed performance status 3-4, high carcinoembryonic antigen, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low albumin, symptomatic at diagnosis, and stage III/IV disease were independent factors for overall survival (OS). Ten patients (18.5%) with stage IV disease were treated with a combination of resection of primary tumour, local treatment of metastasis, and chemotherapy; this group had a median OS of 36.9 months.Conclusions: Although most SBA patients were diagnosed with symptomatic, advanced stage disease, some patients with duodenal carcinoma were detected in early stage by EGD. High LDH and symptomatic at diagnosis were identified as novel independent prognostic factors for OS. The prognosis of advanced SBA was poor, but combined modality therapy with local treatment of metastasis might prolong patient survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusions:In microsurgical head and neck reconstruction, a higher rate of post-operative wound complication could be predicted by a lower pre-operative neutrophil ratio (< 64.9%), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (< 3.5), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (< 160). Objectives:To evaluate the predictor of post-operative wound complications in microsurgical head and neck reconstruction. Methods:Patients who were undergoing tumor ablation and microsurgical reconstruction from April 2011 to March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The pre-operative hematological data, age, sex, co-morbidities, body mass index (BMI), adjuvant therapies, smoking, operation time, blood loss, total protein, T-stage, and Anesthesiologists Performance Status (ASA-PS) score were collected. Cases of post-operative wound healing failure were reviewed. Results:One hundred and three consecutive patients were enrolled. Among these, the results of 77 patients who were younger than 70 years of age were analyzed. The distributions of the neutrophil ratio (p = .0005), lymphocyte ratio (p = .0166), monocyte ratio (p = .0341), NLR (p = .005), and PLR (p = .008) differed significantly between the patients with and without post-operative wound healing failure. Neutrophil ratio, NLR, and PLR cut-off values of 64.9, 3.5, and 160 were significantly associated with the rate of wound healing failure rate (p = .0002, .00021, .0042, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: The prognosis of patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is poor. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves locoregional control and survival in high-risk patients. We investigated the prognostic factors for clinical T4a tongue SCC, and elucidated whether postoperative CRT has a benefit for patients with poor prognosis in terms of survival. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 61 patients with stage T4a SCC of the tongue who underwent primary resection and neck dissection. Results: The median follow-up was 53.8 months. Multivariate analysis revealed a 4.26? relative risk of death for patients with the involvement of = 5 regional lymph nodes (pN = 5) compared with those with pN 0-4 (p = 0.002). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with pN = 5 who received CRT had longer overall survival rates than those who did not (hazard ratio = 0.31; p = 0.041). Conclusions: pN = 5 is the most powerful prognostic factor for clinical T4a SCC of the tongue. Postoperative CRT is recommended in patients with pN = 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High-risk factors for recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after surgical resection include involvement of ≥2 regional lymph nodes, extracapsular spread, and microscopic involvement of resected mucosal margins. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is thought to improve postoperative locoregional control and survival. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapy for high-risk oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) (i.e., with ≥2 lymph nodes, positive extracapsular spread, or positive margins). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 45 high-risk OPSCC patients who underwent surgery without adjuvant therapy ( n = 19), with radiotherapy ( n = 17), or with chemoradiotherapy ( n = 9). Results: The median follow-up period was 41.0 months. Radiotherapy patients showed a trend toward longer overall survival than patients without adjuvant therapy [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.32, p = 0.176]. However, overall survival for the chemoradiotherapy group seemed to be the same as that for the no adjuvant therapy group (HR = 0.79, p = 0.779). Multivariate analysis found that the relative risk of recurrence for patients without adjuvant therapy compared with any adjuvant therapy was 3.02 ( p = 0.101). The relative recurrence risk in radiotherapy patients was 0.95 compared with that in chemoradiotherapy patients ( p = 0.971). However, pathological T-stage was significantly associated with disease-free survival for high-risk OPSCC. Conclusions: Although the current study uses data from a small retrospective sample of patients, our results suggest that the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy may not be necessary as an adjuvant therapy for all high-risk OPSCC. A novel prognostic factor, such as pathological T-stage, should be considered for selecting those patients with high-risk OPSCC who would benefit from adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiotherapy for cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer remains a challenge because of the high rate of complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of free jejunal transfer as salvage surgery for cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy. Methods: We enrolled eight patients with cervical esophageal cancer and 11 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent free jejunal transfer as salvage surgery following radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. In this study, we reviewed the surgical procedures, perioperative complications, and survival rates. Results: The median duration of surgery was 514 min, and the median blood loss was 439 ml. In surgical procedures, the recipient vessels for the anastomosis of the free jejunum consisted of one artery and one vein (63 %), one artery and two veins (5 %), and two arteries and two veins (31 %). The postoperative morbidity rate was 57.9 % (11 patients), with six cases of partial necrosis of the tracheal margin and no cases of graft necrosis or postoperative in-hospital death. The overall 5-year survival rate after surgery was 58.1 %. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that with careful attention to the potential development of necrosis of the tracheal margin, pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and free jejunal transfer can be safely performed, even in patients who received radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To assess the impact of preoperative serum sodium concentration on the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated by nephroureterectomy. Methods The clinical records of 139 patients treated for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma by nephroureterectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan- Meier method, with the difference between curves evaluated using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox's proportional hazard model to identify prognostic factors. Results The median (range) follow-up time was 27 (1-139) months. The median (range) preoperative serum sodium was 141 (134-147) mEq/ L. Five-year cancer-specific survival estimates for patients above and below the median preoperative serum sodium were 81.7% (95% confidence interval: 68.7-89.7) and 50.6% (95% confidence interval: 30.3-67.8), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative sodium concentration, pathological T stage, and lymphovascular invasion were independent and significant prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival. A prognostic model of risk classification for cancer-specific survival involving these parameters was developed, and 5-year cancer-specific survival estimates were 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 14.5-47.0) for the poor risk group (hazard ratio 19.95 [95% confidence interval: 8.5-46.6]; P < 0.001), 81.6% (95% confidence interval: 55.2-93.3) for the intermediate risk group (hazard ratio 5.70 [95% confidence interval: 1.27-25.5]; P = 0.022) and 97.9% (95% confidence interval 85.9-99.7) for the favorable risk group. Conclusion These findings suggest for the first time that a low preoperative sodium level predicts a poor survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients treated by nephroureterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]