25,787 results
Search Results
52. Helix BioPharma Corp. collaborator ProMab Biotechnologies Publishes Paper on Multiple Myeloma CAR-T
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Helix BioPharma Corp. ,Cancer treatment ,Biotechnology ,Monoclonal antibodies ,Multiple myeloma -- Care and treatment ,Biological products industry ,T cells ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
RICHMOND HILL, Ontario, Sep 12, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE via COMTEX) -- Helix BioPharma Corp. (TSX:HBP), (FSE:HBP) ('Helix' or the 'Company'), an immuno-oncology company developing innovative drug candidates for the prevention [...]
- Published
- 2018
53. Clinical Implications of Cancer Genomics: A Call for Papers
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Pharmacology ,Biomedical Research ,Drug Research and Development ,Genome, Human ,Cancer Treatment ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Genomics ,Genome Analysis ,Phenotype ,Editorial ,Oncology ,Genomic Medicine ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Neoplasms ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Genetics ,Cancer Detection and Diagnosis ,Animals ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Periodicals as Topic ,Precision Medicine ,Editorial Policies - Abstract
In this month’s editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors announce an upcoming Special Issue, with Guest Editors Elaine Mardis and Marc Ladanyi, on actionable advances in research on the cancer genome.
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- 2016
54. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Recognizes Immunovaccine Researchers with Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC) 'Best Basic Science Paper Award'
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Cancer treatment ,Cancer ,Cancer research ,Immunotherapy ,Associations ,T cells ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, Nov 13, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE via COMTEX) -- Immunovaccine Inc. (TSX:IMV) (OTCQX:IMMVF), a clinical stage immuno-oncology company, today announced that the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) [...]
- Published
- 2017
55. New Findings on Atrial Fibrillation from Hospital Universitario La Paz Summarized (Atrial fibrillation in active cancer patients: expert position paper and recommendations)
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Cancer treatment ,Atrial fibrillation ,Medical research ,Heart ,Cancer patients ,Cancer research ,Tumors ,Editors ,Fibrillation ,Health - Abstract
2019 AUG 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Researchers detail new data in Heart Disorders and Diseases - Atrial Fibrillation. According [...]
- Published
- 2019
56. Multiple Myeloma-Causing Plasma Cells Show Intense Uptake of Intravenous Liposomal Curcumin as Reported by SignPath Pharma, Inc. in Paper Published in the Cancer Research Journal 'Anticancer Research'
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Cancer ,Multiple myeloma -- Research ,Cancer research ,Cancer treatment ,Editors ,Health - Abstract
2019 APR 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Blood Weekly -- SignPath Pharma, Inc. reported in the March issue of Anticancer Research* that its proprietary intravenous [...]
- Published
- 2019
57. A Collection on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections: Call for research papers
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Nathalie Broutet, Richard Turner, and Nicola Low
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Human Papillomavirus Infection ,Viral Diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Infectious Disease Control ,Urology ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,610 Medicine & health ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Global Health ,Microbiology ,Chlamydia Infection ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,360 Social problems & social services ,Virology ,Epidemiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Global health ,medicine ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Transmission risks and rates ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Preventive healthcare ,Cervical cancer ,Genitourinary Infections ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV diagnosis and management ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Diagnostic medicine ,Cancer treatment ,Editorial ,Infectious Diseases ,Family medicine ,Immunology ,Preventive Medicine ,business ,Viral Transmission and Infection - Abstract
Nicola Low and colleagues announce a call for research papers on sexually transmitted infections, to accompany a Collection on the topic.
- Published
- 2017
58. Extraction Paper Chromatography Technique for the Radionuclidic Purity Evaluation of 90Y for Clinical Use.
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Pandey, Usha, Dhami, Prem S., Jagesia, Poonam, Venkatesh, Meera, and Pillai, M. R. A.
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CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis , *LIQUID scintillation counting , *CANCER treatment , *THERAPEUTICS , *PAPER chromatography , *BONES , *STRONTIUM , *MEDICAL care , *CHELATES - Abstract
Yttrium-90 used for therapy should be of very high radionuclidic (RN) purity (>99.998%) as the most probable contaminant, strontium-90, is a bone seeker with a maximum permissible body burden of 74 kBq (2 μCi) only. None of the current known methods of RN purity estimations is adequate to reliably measure the 90Sr RN impurity at such low levels. Our aim was to develop a reliable technique to accurately determine the amount of 90Sr in 90Y used for therapy. This new technique combines chelate-based extraction with paper chromatography using paper impregnated with 2-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid (KSM-17), which is a 90Y-specific chelator. A PC strip impregnated with KSM-17 at the point of spotting is used for chromatography. Upon development with normal saline, 90Sr moves to the solvent front leaving 90Y completely chelated and retained at the point of spotting. The activity at the solvent front (90Sr) is quantified by liquid scintillation counting, and the data are compared with the total applied activity to provide the RN purity of the test solution. The method has a sensitivity of ⩾74 kBq (2 μCi) of 90Sr per 37 GBq (1 Ci) of 90Y. This novel, innovative, and simple technique offers a reliable solution to the unanswered problem of estimation of 90Sr content in 90Y used for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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59. Management of immune checkpoint blockade dysimmune toxicities: a collaborative position paper.
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Champiat, S., Lambotte, O., Barreau, E., Belkhir, R., Berdelou, A., Carbonnel, F., Cauquil, C., Chanson, P., Collins, M., Durrbach, A., Ederhy, S., Feuillet, S., François, H., Lazarovici, J., Le Pavec, J., De Martin, E., Mateus, C., Michot, J. -M., Samuel, D., and Soria, J. -C.
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IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY , *CANCER immunotherapy , *THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies , *MELANOMA treatment , *CANCER treatment , *NON-small-cell lung carcinoma , *TARGETED drug delivery - Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeted against the immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1 have recently obtained approval for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and advanced/refractory non small-cell lung cancers. Therefore, their use will not be limited anymore to selected hospitals involved in clinical trials. Indeed, they will be routinely prescribed in many cancer centers across the world. Besides their efficacy profile, these immune targeted agents also generate immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This new family of dysimmune toxicities remains largely unknown to the broad oncology community. Although severe irAEs remain rare (~10% of cases under monotherapy), they can become life-threatening if not anticipated and managed appropriately. Over the last 5 years, Gustave Roussy has accumulated a significant experience in the prescription of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies and the management of their toxicities. Together with the collaboration of Gustave Roussy's network of organ specialists with expertise in irAEs, we propose here some practical guidelines for the oncologist to help in the clinical care of patients under ICB immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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60. Use Cases Requiring Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage in Paediatric Oncology.
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Hayn, Dieter, Kreiner, Karl, Sandner, Emanuel, Baumgartner, Martin, Jammerbund, Bernhard, Falgenhauer, Markus, Düster, Vanessa, Devi-Marulkar, Priyanka, Schleiermacher, Gudrun, Ladenstein, Ruth, and Schreier, Guenter
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CANCER treatment ,TUMORS in children ,DATABASE management ,PRIVACY ,MEDICAL record linkage ,CHILDREN'S hospitals ,MEDICAL ethics ,SPECIALTY hospitals - Abstract
Simple Summary: Large datasets concerning childhood cancers are rare. Therefore, it is important to fully exploit all available data, which are distributed over several resources, including biomaterials, images, clinical trials, and registries. With privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL), datasets can be merged, without disclosing the patients' identities. Although PPRL is already implemented or described in various settings, use case descriptions are fragmented and incomplete. The present paper gives an overview of current and future use cases of PPRL in childhood cancer. We screened the literature, projects, and trial protocols, analysed a hypothetical patient journey, and discussed use cases with experts. All the identified use cases were structured along six key dimensions. We conclude that PPRL is a key concept in childhood cancer. Therefore, PPRL strategies should already be considered when starting research projects, to avoid distributed data silos, to maximise the knowledge derived from collected data, and, ultimately, to improve outcomes for children with cancer. Large datasets in paediatric oncology are inherently rare. Therefore, it is paramount to fully exploit all available data, which are distributed over several resources, including biomaterials, images, clinical trials, and registries. With privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL), personalised or pseudonymised datasets can be merged, without disclosing the patients' identities. Although PPRL is implemented in various settings, use case descriptions are currently fragmented and incomplete. The present paper provides a comprehensive overview of current and future use cases for PPRL in paediatric oncology. We analysed the literature, projects, and trial protocols, identified use cases along a hypothetical patient journey, and discussed use cases with paediatric oncology experts. To structure PPRL use cases, we defined six key dimensions: distributed personalised records, pseudonymisation, distributed pseudonymised records, record linkage, linked data, and data analysis. Selected use cases were described (a) per dimension and (b) on a multi-dimensional level. While focusing on paediatric oncology, most aspects are also applicable to other (particularly rare) diseases. We conclude that PPRL is a key concept in paediatric oncology. Therefore, PPRL strategies should already be considered when starting research projects, to avoid distributed data silos, to maximise the knowledge derived from collected data, and, ultimately, to improve outcomes for children with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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61. The role of a radiographer counsellor in a large centre for cancer treatment: a discussion paper based on an audit of the work of a radiographer counsellor
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J. Young and E.J. Maher
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Adult ,Counseling ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MEDLINE ,Pilot Projects ,Audit ,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Psychiatry ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Paper based ,Middle Aged ,Cancer treatment ,Oncology ,Work (electrical) ,Family medicine ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychosocial - Abstract
It is widely accepted that cancer patients have unmet psychosocial needs. There are as yet few guidelines on the appropriate role of a counsellor in centres for cancer treatment. In this study the activities of a radiographer counsellor were audited to try to identify the proportion of patients who would benefit from seeing a counsellor, to estimate the cost of such a service, and to obtain indications of how the effects of counselling could be evaluated. The study suggested that 44% of patients attending for routine radiotherapy have abnormally high levels of anxiety and might benefit from counselling. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is proposed as an objective measure of benefit. Costing and resource allocation are discussed.
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- 1992
62. Yaohua Wang wins ABC Best Paper Award.
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Oberbeckmann-Winter, Nicola
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RESEARCH papers (Students) , *PEROXISOMES , *CANCER treatment , *TRAVEL , *AWARDS - Abstract
An Interview with Yaohua Wang, the winner of this journal's Best Paper Award for 2012 for her research work on the bioactivity of organelles found in eukaryotic cells called peroxisomes, is presented. When asked about the motivation to perform research in her area of interest, she says that she wanted to explore the field of cancer treatment. She expresses her admiration for her advisor Edgar Arriaga, a chemistry researcher, and discusses her interest in traveling to different places.
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- 2013
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63. EORTC elderly task force position paper: Approach to the older cancer patient
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Pallis, A.G., Fortpied, C., Wedding, U., Van Nes, M.C., Penninckx, B., Ring, A., Lacombe, D., Monfardini, S., Scalliet, P., and Wildiers, H.
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GERIATRIC oncology , *DISEASES in older people , *CLINICAL trials , *DISEASE incidence , *CANCER treatment ,AGE factors in cancer - Abstract
As a result of an increasing life expectancy, the incidence of cancer cases diagnosed in the older population is rising. Indeed, cancer incidence is 11-fold higher in persons over the age of 65 than in younger ones. Despite this high incidence of cancer in older patients, solid data regarding the most appropriate approach and best treatment for older cancer patients are still lacking, mostly due to under-representation of these patients in prospective clinical trials. The clinical behaviour of common malignant diseases, e.g. breast, ovarian and lung cancers, lymphomas and acute leukaemias, may be different in older patients because of intrinsic variation of the neoplastic cells and the ability of the tumour host to support neoplastic growth. The decision to treat or not these patients should be based on patients’ functional age rather than the chronological age. Assessment of patients’ functional age includes the evaluation of health, functional status, nutrition, cognition and the psychosocial and economic context. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the influence of age on cancer presentation and cancer management in older cancer patients and to provide suggestions on clinical trial development and methodology in this population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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64. A structured review and theme analysis of papers published on ‘quality of life’ in head and neck cancer: 2000–2005
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Rogers, S.N., Ahad, S.A., and Murphy, A.P.
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QUALITY of life , *MEDICAL research , *CANCER patients , *CANCER treatment , *CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Summary: Over the past 10 years, quality of life (QOL) has been increasingly recognised as an important outcome parameter in head and neck cancer. Validated questionnaires have emerged and there has been an increase in the number of papers published each year. The aim of this article is to review the literature over the past five years (2000–2005 inclusive), to identify papers reporting outcomes using patient self-competed questionnaires and group these into themes. The tabulated summary allows for the areas of health related quality of life research to be identified and to explore issues that are perhaps deficit in the literature. The three authors independently searched the literature published in the English language using the ISI search engine with cross-reference using Pub Med and Ovid. The search terms were; quality of life, questionnaire, and head and neck cancer. Studies were placed in to one of five themes. There were 165 studies identified. The numbers in each theme were predictors of QOL [Hassanein KA, Musgrove BT, Bradbury E. Functional status of patients with oral cancer and its relation to style of coping, social support and psychological status. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;39:340–5.], functional outcome [Klug C, Neuburg J, Glaser C, Schwarz B, Kermer C, Millesi W. Quality of life 2–10 years after combined treatment for advanced oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;31:664–9.], questionnaire development [Hanna E, Sherman A, Cash D, Adams D, Vural E, Fan CY, et al. Quality of life for patients following total laryngectomy vs chemoradiation for laryngeal preservation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:875–9.], randomised clinical trials [Kanatas AN, Rogers SN. A national survey of health-related quality of life questionnaires in head and neck oncology. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2004;86:6–10.], and reviews [Kanatas AN, Rogers SN. A national survey of health-related quality of life questionnaires in head and neck oncology. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2004;86:6–10.]. Although many facets of HRQOL following head and neck cancer have been explored over the last five years the paper identifies issues where research is still lacking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2007
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65. United Kingdom : Tiziana Life Sciences Announces Publication of Peer-Reviewed Paper from Positive Clinical Trial of Milciclib in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumours
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Clinical trials ,Cancer treatment ,Tumors ,Business, international - Abstract
Tiziana Life Sciences plc, a clinical stage biotechnology company developing targeted drugs for cancer and autoimmune diseases, is pleased to announce that a research article detailing the use of the [...]
- Published
- 2017
66. Institute for Clinical Immuno-Oncology White Paper Highlights the Challenges, Progress, and Priorities in Immunotherapy
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Cancer treatment ,Immunotherapy ,Business ,News, opinion and commentary ,Association of Community Cancer Centers - Abstract
ROCKVILLE, Md., Jan. 17, 2017 /PRNewswire/ --»±While momentum around immunotherapies for cancer continues to build, the high cost of these therapies places them at the center of debate about how [...]
- Published
- 2017
67. New Breast Cancer Data Have Been Reported by Researchers at Ajman University (Paper Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy Through Silica Nanoparticle-mediated Delivery of Temoporfin for Targeted In Vitro Breast Cancer Treatment).
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PHOTODYNAMIC therapy ,BREAST cancer ,CANCER treatment ,RESEARCH personnel ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Researchers at Ajman University in the United Arab Emirates have conducted a study on enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for breast cancer treatment. The study focuses on the use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to encapsulate a photosensitizer called Temoporfin, which aims to improve its delivery and reduce toxicity. The researchers found that encapsulated Temoporfin demonstrated greater effectiveness in eliminating cancer cells compared to its naked form. This research highlights the potential of SiNPs as an efficient drug delivery system in PDT and sets the groundwork for more advanced strategies in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
68. Mode equivalence and acceptability of tablet computer-, interactive voice response system-, and paper-based administration of the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE).
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Bennett, Antonia V., Dueck, Amylou C., Mitchell, Sandra A., Mendoza, Tito R., Reeve, Bryce B., Atkinson, Thomas M., Castro, Kathleen M., Denicoff, Andrea, Rogak, Lauren J., Harness, Jay K., Bearden, James D., Bryant, Donna, Siegel, Robert D., Schrag, Deborah, Basch, Ethan, and National Cancer Institute PRO-CTCAE Study Group
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CANCER treatment ,DISEASE complications ,DRUG tablets ,INTRAVENOUS therapy ,DRUG administration ,TUMOR treatment ,TUMORS & psychology ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,CROSSOVER trials ,DRUG side effects ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,POCKET computers ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RADIATION injuries ,RADIOTHERAPY ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,SELF-evaluation ,TERMS & phrases - Abstract
Background: PRO-CTCAE is a library of items that measure cancer treatment-related symptomatic adverse events (NCI Contracts: HHSN261201000043C and HHSN 261201000063C). The objective of this study is to examine the equivalence and acceptability of the three data collection modes (Web-enabled touchscreen tablet computer, Interactive voice response system [IVRS], and paper) available within the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) measurement system.Methods: Participants (n = 112; median age 56.5; 24 % high school or less) receiving treatment for cancer at seven US sites completed 28 PRO-CTCAE items (scoring range 0-4) by three modes (order randomized) at a single study visit. Subjects completed one page (approx. 15 items) of the EORTC QLQ-C30 between each mode as a distractor. Item scores by mode were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC); differences in scores within the 3-mode crossover design were evaluated with mixed-effects models. Difficulties with each mode experienced by participants were also assessed.Results: 103 (92 %) completed questionnaires by all three modes. The median ICC comparing tablet vs IVRS was 0.78 (range 0.55-0.90); tablet vs paper: 0.81 (0.62-0.96); IVRS vs paper: 0.78 (0.60-0.91); 89 % of ICCs were ≥0.70. Item-level mean differences by mode were small (medians [ranges] for tablet vs. IVRS = -0.04 [-0.16-0.22]; tablet vs paper = -0.02 [-0.11-0.14]; IVRS vs paper = 0.02 [-0.07-0.19]), and 57/81 (70 %) items had bootstrapped 95 % CI around the effect sizes within +/-0.20. The median time to complete the questionnaire by tablet was 3.4 min; IVRS: 5.8; paper: 4.0. The proportion of participants by mode who reported "no problems" responding to the questionnaire was 86 % tablet, 72 % IVRS, and 98 % paper.Conclusions: Mode equivalence of items was moderate to high, and comparable to test-retest reliability (median ICC = 0.80). Each mode was acceptable to a majority of respondents. Although the study was powered to detect moderate or larger discrepancies between modes, the observed ICCs and very small mean differences between modes provide evidence to support study designs that are responsive to patient or investigator preference for mode of administration, and justify comparison of results and pooled analyses across studies that employ different PRO-CTCAE modes of administration.Trial Registration: NCT Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02158637. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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69. Cancer nanomedicines: So many papers and so few drugs!
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Venditto, Vincent J. and Szoka, Francis C.
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NANOMEDICINE , *CANCER treatment , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *BUSINESS models , *DRUG approval , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *MEDICAL polymers , *LIPOSOMES , *CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Abstract: This review identifies a timeline to nanomedicine anticancer drug approval using the business model of inventors, innovators and imitators. By evaluating the publication record of nanomedicine cancer therapeutics we identified a trend of very few publications prior to FDA approval. We first enumerated the publications related to cancer involving polymers, liposomes or monoclonal antibodies and determined the number of citations per publication as well as the number of published clinical trials among the publications. Combining these data with the development of specific nanomedicines, we are able to identify an invention phase consisting of seminal papers in basic science necessary for the development of a specific nanomedicine. The innovation phase includes the first report, the development and the clinical trials involving that nanomedicine. Finally, the imitation phase begins after approval when others ride the wave of success by using the same formulation for new drugs or using the same drug to validate other nanomedicines. We then focused our analysis on nanomedicines containing camptothecin derivatives, which are not yet approved including two polymers considered innovations and one liposomal formulation in the imitation phase. The conclusion that may be drawn from the analysis of the camptothecins is that approved drugs reformulated in polymeric and liposomal cancer nanomedicines have a more difficult time navigating through the approval process than the parent molecule. This is probably due to the fact that for most currently approved drugs, reformulating them in a nanocarrier provides a small increase in performance that large pharmaceutical companies do not consider being worth the time, effort and expense of development. It also appears that drug carriers have a more difficult path through the clinic than monoclonal antibodies. The added complexity of nanocarriers also deters their use to deliver new molecular entities. Thus, the new drug candidates that might be most improved by drug delivery in nanocarriers are not formulated in this fashion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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70. Frank H. George Research Award winning paper Cancer self‐remission and tumour instability – a cybernetic analysis Towards a fresh paradigm for cancer treatment
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Prasun Kumar Roy and D. Dutta Majumder
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Cancer treatment ,Therapeutic approach ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Internal medicine ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,medicine ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Aims to investigate the causative factors and clinical applicability of spontaneous regression of malignant tumours without treatment, a really paradoxical phenomenon with many therapeutic potentialities. Analyses past cases to find that the commonest cause is a preceding episode of high fever‐induced thermal fluctuation which produces fluctuation of biochemical/immunological parameters. Using Prigogine‐Glansdorff‐Langevin stability theory and biocybernetic principles, develops the theoretical foundation of a tumour’s self‐control, homeostasis and regression induced by thermal, radiation or oxygenation fluctuations. Derives a threshold condition of perturbations for producing regression. Presents some striking confirmation of such fluctuation‐induced regression in Ewing tumour, Clear cell cancer and Lewis lung carcinoma. Using experimental data on patients, elucidates a novel therapeutic approach of multi‐modal hyper‐fluctuation utilizing radiotherapeutic hyper‐fractionation, temperature and immune‐status.
- Published
- 2000
71. Hammermill Paper Once Again Joins St. Jude Thanks And Giving Campaign, Supporting Research And Treatment Of Childhood Cancer And Other Life-threatening Diseases
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Cancer treatment ,Cancer -- Drug therapy ,Cancer research ,Business ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
MEMPHIS, Tenn., Nov. 23, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- http://www.internationalpaper.com/apps/hammermill/web/index.html paper, a brand of International Paper, announced today that it will once again partner with http://www.stjude.org/ [sup.] for the St. Jude Thanks [...]
- Published
- 2015
72. The Role of High Frequency Dynamic Threshold (HiDT) Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Measurements in Colorectal Cancer Surveillance: A (Revisited) Hypothesis Paper.
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Grossmann, Irene, Verberne, Charlotte, de Bock, Geertruida, Havenga, Klaas, Kema, Ido, Klaase, Joost, Renehan, Andrew, and Wiggers, Theo
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COLON cancer , *EARLY detection of cancer , *CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen , *CANCER treatment , *COLON diseases , *CANCER patients , *BLOOD plasma - Abstract
Following curative treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), 30% to 50% of patients will develop recurrent disease. For CRC there are several lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that early detection of metachronous disease offers a second opportunity for cure. This paper revisits the potential role of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in follow-up. A comprehensive review of the literature (1978-2008) demonstrates that the initial promise of serum CEA as an effective surveillance tool has been tarnished through perpetuation of poorly designed studies. Specific limitations included: testing CEA as only an 'add-on' diagnostic tool; lack of standardization of threshold values; use of static thresholds; too low measurement frequency. Major changes in localizing imaging techniques and treatment of metastatic CRC further cause a decrease of clinical applicability of past trial outcomes. In 1982, Staab hypothesized that the optimal benefit of serum CEA as a surveillance tool is through high-frequency triage using a dynamic threshold (HiDT). Evidence supporting this hypothesis was found in the biochemical characteristics of serum CEA and retrospective studies showing the superior predictive value of a dynamic threshold. A multi-centred randomized phase III study optimizing the usage of HiDT against resectability of recurrent disease is commencing recruitment in the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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73. The medical treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer in the elderly: Position paper of a SIOG Taskforce
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Bellmunt, Joaquim, Négrier, Sylvie, Escudier, Bernard, Awada, Ahmad, and Aapro, Matti
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CANCER treatment , *RENAL cancer , *NEPHROBLASTOMA , *RENAL cell carcinoma , *DRUG therapy - Abstract
Abstract: Treatments currently recommended for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) have not been evaluated specifically in elderly patients. Here we consider what may be learned by analysing according to age the efficacy and toxicity data from key phase III trials of the targeted agents sorafenib (Nexavar), sunitinib (Sutent), temsirolimus (Torisel), and bevacizumab (Avastin), and from a study of expanded access to sunitinib and sorafenib. This paper represents the first systematic review of the role of targeted agents specifically in the elderly population. Retrospective subgroup analyses of clinical trial data cannot be considered definitive. However, they suggest in general that the progression-free and overall survival benefits seen in mRCC patients aged 65 years and over are similar to those in the younger age group. The frequency of major toxicities in elderly patients treated with targeted agents is no greater than in younger patients, although such toxicities may have greater impact on the quality of life. That said, no meaningful data are available for patients over 85 years. To confirm and extend these conclusions, prospective studies should be undertaken in the elderly to determine whether recommendations made for the wider mRCC population apply equally to this group of patients in whom comorbidities, comedication and the greater impact of low-grade toxicity may influence the efficacy and tolerability of treatment. Such studies are increasingly needed, given the growing number of elderly people and their rising life expectancy. Meanwhile, when considering the most appropriate drug to use in a particular patient, the toxicity profiles of the individual targeted agents – and any implications for specific comorbid conditions – should be taken into account. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
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74. Bringing Access to the Full Spectrum of Cancer Research: A Call for Papers.
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null, null
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CANCER research , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
The PLOS Medicine editors issue a call for papers for translational and clinical cancer research papers with strong potential to advance patient care, public policy, or clinical research agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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75. Current research and treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer A Position Paper from the Helene Harris Memorial Trust
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Balkwill, F., Bast Jr., R.C., Berek, J., Chenevix-Trench, G., Gore, M., Hamilton, T., Jacobs, I., Mills, G., Souhami, R., Urban, N., Ursulic, S., and Smyth, J.
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OVARIAN cancer , *CANCER treatment , *MOLECULAR genetics - Abstract
In March 2003, an international mulltidisciplinary group of scientists and clinicians with a specific interest in ovarian cancer met for 4 days to discuss research into and treatment of this challenging disease. Under the headings of molecular genetics, molecular biology, the biology of ovarian cancer, old therapies, new targets and the early detection of the disease, this Position Paper summarises the presentations and discussion from the 9th Biennial Helene Harris Memorial Trust Forum on Ovarian Cancer. In particular, we highlight the potential of international collaborations in translating laboratory science into useful clinical interventions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
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76. Invited Papers (4-12).
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CANCER treatment , *DRUG therapy , *CANCER cells , *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *DNA , *NUCLEIC acids - Abstract
The article reports on several research papers related to cancer and its treatment. It informs that loss of the apoptotic response has been implicated in carcinogenesis as a consequence of increased survival of DNA-damage bearing cells. Many cancer cells have an inherent resistance to chemotherapy due to the abnormal expression of anti-apoptosis genes. The increased risk of cancer in immunosuppressed patients after organ transplantation, and in patients with inherited defects in immune function, such as severe combined immune deficiency, was thought to support the immune surveillance hypothesis.
- Published
- 2002
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77. Cancer research in the United States: Dying by a thousand paper cuts.
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Kantarjian, Hagop, Stewart, David J., and Zwelling, Leonard
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CANCER research , *HEALTH of cancer patients , *GUIDELINES , *CANCER diagnosis , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
The authors discuss cancer research in the United States and the implications of bureaucratic burdens on the conduct and cost of research and, consequently, the cost of drugs and health care. They propose potential remedial solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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78. NEW PRECISION MEDICINE GUIDELINES AIMED AT IMPROVING PERSONALIZED CANCER TREATMENT PLANS FOR PATIENTS PAPER LED BY CLEVELAND CLINIC DEFINES NEW CRITERIA TO ENHANCE CANCER STAGING SYSTEM
- Subjects
Precision medicine ,Cancer treatment ,LEDs ,Cancer patients -- Drug therapy ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
CLEVELAND, OH -- The following information was released by the Cleveland Clinic: A committee of national experts, led by a Cleveland Clinic researcher, has established first-of-its-kind guidelines to promote more [...]
- Published
- 2016
79. Title of presented paper: Melatonin in cancer treatment.
- Author
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Dyndał, Kinga, Czerkiewicz, Karolina, and Cybula, Paweł
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MELATONIN ,CANCER treatment ,NEUROHORMONES ,HORMONE therapy ,RADIOTHERAPY - Abstract
Introduction and aim. Melatonin, a neurohormone involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, is produced in the human body, mainly in the pineal gland. An increasing number of evidence, suggests that this amine may be an essential new target (adjuvant) in cancer treatment. The oncostatic and anticancer properties of melatonin have been demonstrated in various types of cancer. The tumor suppressive function of melatonin is exerted through different interactions with cell surface receptors such as MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Material and methods. A literature review was performed by analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews from PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase published in the last five years. For the literature search, we used the following keywords: *melatonin in cancer, *novel cancer therapy, and *hormonal therapy. Analysis of literature. Studies have shown that melatonin may induce anti-tumor effects through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, modulation of the immune response, and augmentation of the therapeutic effects of conventional anticancer therapies. In addition, melatonin decreased some of the side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, such as asthenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and nausea. Conclusion. Melatonin may improve sleep and quality of life in cancer patients, relieve anxiety in most patients, and reduce the risk of developing depressive symptoms. Melatonin has also shown great potential as a safe and effective complementary therapy for cancer treatment with minimal side effects and low toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
80. Rock Paper Scissors' Trademark Application for 'CANCER TREATMENT YOU CAN LIVE WITH' Filed
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Cancer treatment ,Cancer -- Drug therapy ,Trademarks ,Advertising, marketing and public relations - Abstract
2017 SEP 23 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Marketing Weekly News -- According to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by VerticalNews journalists, a trademark application [...]
- Published
- 2017
81. Clinical and Basic Research Papers - October 2011.
- Author
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Ferrari, Serge, Seeman, Ego, Clézardin, Philippe, Karasik, David, Little, David G., and Matsumoto, Toshio
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DIPHOSPHONATES , *CANCER treatment , *BONE diseases , *ELECTROMAGNETIC fields , *BONE fractures , *OSTEOCYTES , *SOMATOTROPIN - Abstract
The article presents various uses of bisphosphonates in treatment of cancer and bone disorders. The article further presents details about clinical studies using pulsed electromagnetic field for tibial fractures, bone modeling, use of osteocytes in bone remodeling and repair and also about the drug effects. The physiology and metabolism of growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone is also presented.
- Published
- 2011
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82. RESEARCH PAPER: Nearby inverted repeats fuse to generate acentric and dicentric palindromic chromosomes by a replication template exchange mechanism.
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Mizuno, Ken'Ichi, Lambert, Sarah, Baldacci, Giuseppe, Murray, Johanne M., and Carr, Antony M.
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CANCER invasiveness , *CANCER treatment , *DRUG resistance , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *KARYOKINESIS , *CHROMOSOMES - Abstract
Gene amplification plays important roles in the progression of cancer and contributes to acquired drug resistance during treatment. Amplification can initiate via dicentric palindromic chromosome production and subsequent breakage?"fusion?"bridge cycles. Here we show that, in fission yeast, acentric and dicentric palindromic chromosomes form by homologous recombination protein-dependent fusion of nearby inverted repeats, and that these fusions occur frequently when replication forks arrest within the inverted repeats. Genetic and molecular analyses suggest that these acentric and dicentric palindromic chromosomes arise not by previously described mechanisms, but by a replication template exchange mechanism that does not involve a DNA double-strand break. We thus propose an alternative mechanism for the generation of palindromic chromosomes dependent on replication fork arrest at closely spaced inverted repeats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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- View/download PDF
83. Superficial skin cancer therapy with Y‐90 microspheres: A feasibility study on patch preparation.
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Pashazadeh, Ali, Landes, Rainer, Boese, Axel, Kreissl, Michael C., Klopfleisch, Maurice, and Friebe, Michael
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SKIN cancer ,BETA rays ,CANCER treatment ,MICROSPHERES ,NITROCELLULOSE ,SKIN permeability ,RADIOISOTOPE brachytherapy ,NANOFABRICATION - Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy using beta particles is an interesting treatment for very superficial skin lesions. Due to their low penetration in tissue and rapid dose fall‐off, beta particles can protect underlying bony structures and surrounding healthy tissue while irradiating the skin tumor. In the current work, a simple method for the fabrication of a radioactive patch for use in skin cancer therapy based on a beta‐emitting isotope is presented. Materials and methods: The beta radiation sources were Y‐90 microspheres currently used for catheter‐based radioembolization of unresectable liver tumors. The microspheres were filtered through a syringe filter to trap them on the cellulose nitrate paper of the filter and create a radioactive patch. In the current study, to avoid the need for a hot laboratory, the experiment was done using nonradioactive microspheres. An optical microscope was used to verify the distribution of the particles on the filter paper. Results: Visual evaluation of the patches showed that using the proposed method, therapeutic skin patches with a fairly uniform distribution of microspheres can be created. Conclusion: The proposed simple method may be used in creating radiotherapeutic patches using Y‐90 microspheres for radiation therapy of thin skin lesions located close to sensitive structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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84. Synthesis and photo-conversion of androsta- and pregna-5,7-dienes to vitamin D3-like derivativesThis paper was published as part of the themed issue in honour of Nicholas Turro.Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: HPLC chromatogram, UV spectra and additional experimental data for irradiation products of androsta- and pregna-5,7-dienes. NMR spectra for 5a, 5aD, 5aLand 5aTand Table of shifts for androsta- and pregna-5,7-dienes. See DOI: 10.1039/b809005j
- Author
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Michal A. Zmijewski, Wei Li, Jordan K. Zjawiony, Trevor W. Sweatman, Jianjun Chen, Duane D. Miller, and Andrzej T. Slominski
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- *
CANCER treatment , *CANCER hospitals , *ALTERNATIVE treatment for cancer , *DIET therapy for cancer patients - Abstract
Calcitriol (3β,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-1α,3β,25-triol) is a powerful oncostatic form of vitamin D3 that is of limited clinical utility due to hypercalcemic (toxic) effects. Since the removal of the side chain reduces or eliminates the calcemic activity of vitamin D3, secosteroidal compounds lacking or with a shortened side chain are good candidates for anti-cancer drugs. In addition, 5,7-steroidal dienes without a side chain can be generated in vivounder pathological conditions. A series of androsta- and pregna-5,7-dienes was efficiently synthesized from their respective 3-acetylated 5-en precursors by bromination-dehydrobromination and deacetylation reactions. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation was used to generate corresponding 9,10-secosteroids with vitamin D-like structures. Additional products with tachysterol-like (T-like) structures or 5,7-dienes with inverted configuration at C-9 and C-10 (lumisterol, L-like) were also detected. Different doses of UVB resulted in formation of various products. At low doses, previtamin D-, T- or L-like compounds were formed as the main products, while higher doses induced further isomerization, with formation of potentially oxidized derivatives. In summary, we describe dynamic UVB induced conversion of androsta- and pregna-5,7-dienes into vitamin D-like compounds and their rearranged analogues; additionally novel T-like and L-like structures were also produced and characterized. Further biological evaluation of newly synthesized compounds should help to select the best candidate(s) for potential treatment of hyperproliferative diseases including cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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85. Abstracts of Scientific Papers Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Biofeedback Foundation of Europe.
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PSYCHOLOGY , *SOCIAL interaction , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems - Abstract
The article presents abstracts on psychological topics which include biofeedback, social interaction and electroencephalography.
- Published
- 2007
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86. Management of cancer treatment-induced bone loss in early breast and prostate cancer - a consensus paper of the Belgian Bone Club.
- Author
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Body, J. J., Bergmann, P., Boonen, S., Boutsen, Y., Devogelaer, J. P., Goemaere, S., Reginster, J. Y., Rozenberg, S., and Kaufman, J. M.
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- *
CANCER treatment , *BREAST cancer , *PROSTATE cancer risk factors , *DIPHOSPHONATES , *DISEASE management , *CANCER chemotherapy , *OLDER people - Abstract
Cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) is one of the most important side effects of adjuvant antineoplastic treatment in hormone-dependent neoplasms. Chemotherapy, GnRH analogs and tamoxifen can induce marked bone loss in premenopausal women with early breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are replacing tamoxifen as the preferred treatment for postmenopausal women. As a class effect, steroidal (exemestane) and non-steroidal (anastrozole and letrozole) AIs increase bone turnover and cause bone loss (4%–5% over 2 years). When compared to tamoxifen, the risk of getting a clinical fracture under AI treatment is increased by 35%–50%. In patients with prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases bone turnover, reduces bone mass (4%–5% per year) and increases the fracture rate depending on the duration of therapy. Zoledronic acid can prevent accelerated bone loss induced by goserelin in premenopausal women, by letrozole in postmenopausal women and by ADT in men. More limited data indicate that weekly alendronate or risedronate could also be effective for preventing CTIBL. Initiation of therapy early, prior to the occurrence of severe osteoporosis, rather than after, may be more effective. Bisphosphonate treatment should be considered in osteoporotic but also in osteopenic patients if other risk factor(s) for fractures are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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- View/download PDF
87. Hot Papers in the Literature.
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MEDICAL research , *DRUG therapy , *DISEASES in women , *MENOPAUSE , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
The article presents abstract of medical research. They include "Tamoxifen treatment after adjuvant chemotherapy has opposite effects on bone mineral density in premenopausal patients depending on menstrual status", "Hypertension, menopause, and coronary artery disease risk in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study" and "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in vulvar cancer: Avoiding primary exenteration".
- Published
- 2006
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88. Invited Papers 2.
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CANCER research , *COLON cancer , *ALKYLATING agents , *DRUG therapy , *ADENOVIRUSES , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
The article presents several studies related to cancer research. Certain alkylating agents because of their toxic properties, are also used for cancer chemotherapy. These affect very different target cell populations. Results on its study demonstrate that global cellular responses to alkylation damage are far more complex than first thought. It also discusses about replicating adenoviruses that target colon cancer. Adenoviruses that were developed, selectively replicate in cells with activated Wnt signaling by inserting binding sites for the Tcf family of transcription factors in the early promoters of human adenovirus 5.
- Published
- 2004
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89. research paper Early response to therapy and survival in multiple myeloma.
- Author
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Schaar, C. G., Kluin-Nelemans, J. C., le Cessie, S., Franck, P. F. H., te Marvelde, M. C., and Wijermans, P. W.
- Subjects
- *
MULTIPLE myeloma , *CANCER treatment , *DRUG therapy , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN M , *PREDNISONE - Abstract
Whether the response to chemotherapy is a prognosticator in multiple myeloma (MM) is still not known. Therefore, the relationship between survival and the rate of monoclonal protein (M-protein) decrement during the first cycles of therapy was prospectively assessed in 262 patients with newly diagnosed MM that were included in a phase III trial (HOVON-16). M-proteins were collected monthly during melphalan–prednisone therapy (MP: melphalan 0·25 mg/kg, prednisone 1·0 mg/kg orally for 5 d every 4 weeks). Patients with light chain disease ( n = 18), immunoglobulin M (IgM)-MM ( n = 1) and no immunotyping ( n = 1) were excluded. Of the 242 patients studied, 75% had IgG M-protein and 25% IgA; MM stages: I: 1%, II: 35% and III: 64%. The median M-protein decrease after the first cycle of MP was 21% for IgG and 27% for IgA, and declined to < 5% after four cycles. An obvious survival advantage was seen for patients who had an M-protein decrease of at least 30% after the first MP cycle, which became significant when an M-protein decrease of 40% or more was reached. As established prognostic parameters (Salmon & Durie stage, serum creatinine, and haemoglobin) also remained prognostically significant, we concluded that early response to MP predicts for survival in MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Invited Papers (1-3).
- Subjects
- *
CANCER treatment , *DRUG therapy , *RADIOTHERAPY , *PANCREAS , *THERAPEUTICS , *CANCER - Abstract
The article reports on several research papers related to cancer and its treatment. It states that intensive, high dose therapy with meiphalan yields high remission rates but evidence on survival benefits has been inconclusive. It also focuses on the roles of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer remain uncertain. The article also reveals that removing the internal mammary nodes remains a difficult routine procedure. Due to the relatively small percentage of patients that have positive internal mammary nodes with negative axillary status. The roles of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer remain uncertain.
- Published
- 2002
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91. Investigating the potential application of organic and non-organic nanoparticles for gastric cancer treatment: An evidence-based review.
- Author
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Moradifar, N., Moayyedkazemi, A., Mohammadi, H. R., Ahmadi, S., and Raziani, Y.
- Subjects
STOMACH cancer ,NANOPARTICLES ,METAL nanoparticles ,CANCER treatment ,CANCER-related mortality - Abstract
Gastric cancer, which is considered a major health concern, is the sixth most frequent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe. The present survey aimed to systematically review the anti-gastric cancer effect of all organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. The investigation followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the findings were recorded in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility database. A detailed search was conducted on various English databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with no specified publication time frame to obtain papers regarding the anti-gastric cancer properties of nanoparticles. The search process was performed using the following terms: "Nanoparticles," "Gastric cancer," "Antigastric cancer," "Metal nanoparticles," "Organic nanoparticles," "Inorganic nanoparticles, "in vitro," "Clinical," and "in vivo,". Out of 11,189 papers, 31 articles, including 19 (45.5%) in vitro, 3 (13.6%) in vivo, 3 (13.6%) clinical trials, and 6 (27.3%) in vitro/in vivo, up to 2023, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most widely used NPs were found to be organic nanoparticles, such as polylactic acid and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (16, 80.0%), followed by inorganic nanoparticles, such as silver NPs (13, 41.9.0%). This review study highlighted the high anti-gastric cancer potential of a wide range of organic and non-organic NPs through their activity via some mechanisms, such as the induction of apoptosis, gene therapy, and drug delivery. Nonetheless, further studies, especially in clinical settings, are needed to confirm their anti-gastric effects and accurate mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. Researchers from Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCCS) Describe Findings in Traumatic Brain Injury (My paper 20 years later: cerebral venous oxygen saturation studied with bilateral samples in the internal jugular veins)
- Subjects
Cancer treatment ,Brain ,Cancer -- Drug therapy ,Cancer research ,Brain research ,Brain injuries -- Drug therapy ,Health - Abstract
By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Current study results on Traumatic Brain Injury have been published. According to news reporting out of Milan, Italy, [...]
- Published
- 2015
93. Position paper by the UKCCCR Elderly Cancer Patients in Clinical Trials Working Group.
- Subjects
- *
OLDER people , *CANCER treatment , *CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Summarizes the proceedings of the UKCCCR Trials Committee related to management of elderly cancer patients and their entry into clinical trials. Terms of reference set by the working group of UKCCCR; Problems related to clinical trials of elderly cancer patients; Representation of elderly patients in trials; Reasons for poor entry of elderly in clinical trials; Problems related to toxicity of treatment.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. Predictors of emotional distress a year or more after diagnosis of cancer: A systematic review of the literature.
- Author
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Cook, Sharon A., Salmon, Peter, Hayes, Gemma, Byrne, Angela, and Fisher, Peter L.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,MENTAL health ,CANCER diagnosis ,CANCER treatment ,NEUROTICISM ,ONCOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: Why some people recover emotionally after diagnosis and treatment of cancer and others do not is poorly understood. To identify factors around the time of diagnosis that predict longer-term distress is a necessary step in developing interventions to reduce patients' vulnerability. This review identified the demographic, clinical, social, and psychological factors available at or within 3 months of diagnosis that are reliable predictors of emotional distress at least 12 months later.Methods: A systematic search of literature for prospective studies addressing our research question and predicting a range of distress outcomes was conducted. Thirty-nine papers (reporting 36 studies) were subjected to narrative synthesis of the evidence.Results: There was no consistent evidence that demographic, clinical, or social factors reliably predicted longer-term distress. Of the psychological factors examined, only baseline distress (significant in 26 of 30 relevant papers; 24 of 28 studies) and neuroticism (significant in all 5 papers/studies that examined it) consistently predicted longer-term distress. The heterogeneity of included studies, particularly in populations studied and methodology, precluded meta-analytic techniques.Conclusions: This review supports current clinical guidance advising early assessment of distress as a marker of vulnerability to persistent problems. Additionally, neuroticism is also indicated as a useful marker of vulnerability. However, the review also highlights that more sophisticated research designs, capable of identifying the psychological processes that underlie the association between these marker variables and persistent distress, are needed before more effective early interventions can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Threshold-awareness in adaptive cancer therapy.
- Author
-
Wang, MingYi, Scott, Jacob G., and Vladimirsky, Alexander
- Subjects
CANCER treatment ,STOCHASTIC control theory ,DYNAMIC programming ,BUDGET ,QUALITY of life - Abstract
Although adaptive cancer therapy shows promise in integrating evolutionary dynamics into treatment scheduling, the stochastic nature of cancer evolution has seldom been taken into account. Various sources of random perturbations can impact the evolution of heterogeneous tumors, making performance metrics of any treatment policy random as well. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for selecting optimal adaptive treatment policies under randomly evolving tumor dynamics. The goal is to improve the cumulative "cost" of treatment, a combination of the total amount of drugs used and the total treatment time. As this cost also becomes random in any stochastic setting, we maximize the probability of reaching the treatment goals (tumor stabilization or eradication) without exceeding a pre-specified cost threshold (or a "budget"). We use a novel Stochastic Optimal Control formulation and Dynamic Programming to find such "threshold-aware" optimal treatment policies. Our approach enables an efficient algorithm to compute these policies for a range of threshold values simultaneously. Compared to treatment plans shown to be optimal in a deterministic setting, the new "threshold-aware" policies significantly improve the chances of the therapy succeeding under the budget, which is correlated with a lower general drug usage. We illustrate this method using two specific examples, but our approach is far more general and provides a new tool for optimizing adaptive therapies based on a broad range of stochastic cancer models. Author summary: Tumor heterogeneities provide an opportunity to improve therapies by leveraging complex (often competitive) interactions of different types of cancer cells. These interactions are usually stochastic due to both individual cell differences and random events affecting the patient as a whole. The new generation of cancer models strive to account for this inherent stochasticity, and adaptive treatment plans need to reflect it as well. In optimizing such treatment, the most common approach is to maximize the probability of eventually stabilizing or eradicating the tumor. In this paper, we consider a more nuanced version of success, maximizing the probability of reaching these therapy goals before the cumulative burden from the disease and treatment exceed a chosen threshold. Importantly, our method allows computing such optimal treatment plans efficiently and for a range of thresholds at once. If used on a high-fidelity personalized model, our general approach could potentially be used by clinicians to choose the most suitable threshold after a detailed discussion of a specific patient's goals (e.g., to include the trade-offs between toxicity and quality of life). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. Advances in CAR-NK cell therapy for lung cancer: is it a better choice in the future?
- Author
-
Fengqin Liu, Xia Miao, Lu Han, and Xiao Song
- Subjects
LUNG cancer ,CELLULAR therapy ,CYTOKINE release syndrome ,CANCER treatment ,CHIMERIC antigen receptors - Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cell therapy represents a promising advancement in the field of oncology offering a novel approach to target and eliminate tumor cells with high specificity and reduced risk of immune-related adverse effects. This paper reviews the mechanism, potential targets, and recent advances in CAR-NK cell therapy for lung cancer, including the design and engineering of CAR-NK cells, preclinical studies, and the outcomes of early-phase clinical trials. We highlight the unique advantages of using NK cells, such as their innate ability to recognize and kill cancer cells and their reduced potential for inducing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) compared to CAR T-cell therapies. Results from recent studies demonstrate significant antitumor activity in lung cancer models with improved targeting and persistence of CAR-NK cells observed in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the challenges in optimizing CAR-NK cell therapies, including the potential resistance mechanisms. The paper concludes with an outlook on the future directions of CAR-NK cell research and its implications for lung cancer treatment emphasizing the importance of continued innovation and collaboration in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Tumor Treating Fields: Modeling and a numerical algorithm.
- Author
-
Shen, Jun, Gong, Rongfang, Chen, Chunxiao, Wang, Liang, Lin, Zhe, Lo, Catharine W. K., and Lu, Ming
- Subjects
ELECTRIC field therapy ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,ALGORITHMS ,CANCER treatment - Abstract
This paper investigates the optimal control problem generated in Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). TTFields is an emerging cancer treatment method with several advantages including the convenience of treatment, fewer side effects, and a better quality of life for patients. Therefore, it holds significant promise for applications in cancer treatments and other fields. In view of such an immense potential, in this work, we are motivated to determine the optimal arrangement of electrodes for TTFields. The paper begins by presenting a comprehensive modeling process for TTFields, followed by the establishment of an optimal control problem that involves finding the optimal configuration of the electrode array. To solve this problem, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a type of intelligent algorithm, is employed, and is further improved on to address various situations. Finally, the model is validated and the effectiveness of the PSO algorithm is verified through numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Chemotherapy Regimen Optimization Using a Two-Archive Multi-Objective Squirrel Search Algorithm.
- Author
-
Huo, Lin, Liang, Xi, and Huo, Donglin
- Subjects
CANCER chemotherapy ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,SEARCH algorithms ,TUMOR growth ,DRUG resistance ,CANCER treatment - Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer, but the efficacy of standard chemotherapy regimens is often limited by toxicities and the individual heterogeneity of cancers. Precise dosing is an important tool to improve efficacy and reduce significant differences in toxicity. However, most of the existing studies on chemotherapy optimization fail to fully consider the toxic side effects, drug resistance, and drug combinations, and thus the chemotherapy regimens obtained may face difficulty in achieving the expected efficacy and also affect the subsequent treatment. Therefore, this paper establishes a tumor growth model for the combination chemotherapy of cell cycle-specific and non-cycle-specific drugs and includes the factors of acquired drug resistance and toxic side effects, proposing an improved multi-objective Squirrel Search Algorithm, the TA-MOSSA, to solve the problem of accurate chemotherapy drug optimization. In this paper, experiments were conducted to analyze the efficacy of chemotherapy dosing regimens obtained by the TA-MOSSA based on the tumor growth model, and the results show that the TA-MOSSA can provide effective chemotherapy regimens for patients who take different treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Deep Segmentation Techniques for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.
- Author
-
Schutte, Storm and Uddin, Jia
- Subjects
BREAST cancer diagnosis ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,DEEP learning ,PATHOLOGY ,CANCER treatment - Abstract
Background: This research goes into in deep learning technologies within the realm of medical imaging, with a specific focus on the detection of anomalies in medical pathology, emphasizing breast cancer. It underscores the critical importance of segmentation techniques in identifying diseases and addresses the challenges of scarce labelled data in Whole Slide Images. Additionally, the paper provides a review, cataloguing 61 deep learning architectures identified during the study. Objectives: The aim of this study is to present and assess a novel quantitative approach utilizing specific deep learning architectures, namely the Feature Pyramid Net-work and the Linknet model, both of which integrate a ResNet34 layer encoder to enhance performance. The paper also seeks to examine the efficiency of a semi-supervised training regimen using a dual model architecture, consisting of 'Teacher' and 'Student' models, in addressing the issue of limited labelled datasets. Methods: Employing a semi-supervised training methodology, this research enables the 'Student' model to learn from the 'Teacher' model's outputs. The study methodically evaluates the models' stability, accuracy, and segmentation capabilities, employing metrics such as the Dice Coefficient and the Jaccard Index for comprehensive assessment. Results: The investigation reveals that the Linknet model exhibits good performance, achieving an accuracy rate of 94% in the detection of breast cancer tissues utilizing a 21-seed parameter for the initialization of model weights. It further excels in generating annotations for the 'Student' model, which then achieves a 91% accuracy with minimal computational demands. Conversely, the Feature Pyramid Network model demonstrates a slightly lower accuracy of 93% in the Teacher model but exhibits improved and more consistent results in the 'Student' model, reaching 95% accuracy with a 42-seed parameter. Conclusions: This study underscores the efficacy and potential of the Feature Pyra-mid Network and Linknet models in the domain of medical image analysis, particularly in the detection of breast cancer, and suggests their broader applicability in various medical segmentation tasks related to other pathology disorders. Furthermore, the research enhances the understanding of the pivotal role that deep learning technologies play in advancing diagnostic methods within the field of medical imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. What Is a Sarcoma 'Specialist Center'? Multidisciplinary Research Finds an Answer.
- Author
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Wilson, Roger, Reinke, Denise, van Oortmerssen, Gerard, Gonzato, Ornella, Ott, Gabriele, Raut, Chandrajit P., Guadagnolo, B. Ashleigh, Haas, Rick L. M., Trent, Jonathan, Jones, Robin, Pretorius, Lauren, Felser, Brandi, Basson, Mandy, Schuster, Kathrin, and Kasper, Bernd
- Subjects
CANCER treatment ,SARCOMA ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENT advocacy ,BUSINESS networks ,INTERDISCIPLINARY research ,QUALITY assurance ,SPECIALTY hospitals ,HEALTH care teams - Abstract
Simple Summary: A multidisciplinary group researched and defined criteria to describe a sarcoma specialist treatment center or network. The project is led by Sarcoma Patient Advocacy Global Network (SPAGN), involves patient groups from around the world and is supported by clinical specialists and leading researchers. The paper identifies Core Principles and Key Features which define a specialist center/network. They are supported by evidence and experience. A primary aim is that new patients and their families can identify a specialist center which can provide curative treatment. A secondary aim is that countries where specialist treatment is not yet available can identify what they have to achieve to meet that ambition. The Core Principles allow a center or network to attain accreditation as a Sarcoma Intelligent Specialist Network. The Key Features are more aspirational and are expressed in a way that allows local needs, legal considerations and budgetary pressures to be taken into account. This is the first time an expert multidisciplinary group has defined specialism in cancer treatment in a worldwide context. The management of sarcomas in specialist centers delivers significant benefits. In much of the world, specialists are not available, and the development of expertise is identified as a major need. However, the terms 'specialist' or 'expert' center are rarely defined. Our objective is to offer a definition for patient advocates and a tool for healthcare providers to underpin improving the care of people with sarcoma. SPAGN developed a discussion paper for a workshop at the SPAGN 2023 Conference, attended by 75 delegates. A presentation to the Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS) and further discussion led to this paper. Core Principles were identified that underlie specialist sarcoma care. The primary Principle is the multi-disciplinary team discussing every patient, at first diagnosis and during treatment. Principles for optimal sarcoma management include accurate diagnosis followed by safe, high-quality treatment, with curative intent. These Principles are supplemented by Features describing areas of healthcare, professional involvement, and service provision and identifying further research and development needs. These allow for variations because of national or local policies and budgets. We propose the term 'Sarcoma Intelligent Specialist Network' to recognize expertise wherever it is found in the world. This provides a base for further discussion and local refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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